PATRICK DUFF, M.D.UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

LEARNING OBJECTIVESTo describe the key features of an effective medical lecture

To describe the essential steps in preparing a well organized slide show and written syllabus

OVERVIEWSelecting a topicPreparing a written syllabus

Preparing slidesMaking the presentation

CAVEAT“We made too many wrong mistakes.”

THE MEDICAL LECTURESELECTING THE TOPICShould be of general interest to the audience not just to the speaker

Should be at the appropriate level of sophistication

THE MEDICAL LECTURESELECTING THE TOPICThe most difficult audience to please is the "mixed audience"StudentsFacultyNursesPhysicians from different specialties

THE MEDICAL LECTURESELECTING THE TOPICAim the presentation at the "majority"

Address unique situations that may affect the "minority"

THE MEDICAL LECTURESELECTING THE TOPIC Presentation should

be amenable to review in the allotted time30 minutes is ideal50 minutes is too

long for an audience of clinicians (or students), even for the most attentive listener Wow, is the lecture over

already?

THE MEDICAL LECTUREOPTIONS FOR THE WRITTEN SYLLABUS

“Bare bones” outline

Detailed outlineMonographReproduction of slides

Slides plus text

THE MEDICAL LECTUREESSENTIAL SLIDESTitle slideLearning objectivesOverviewConclusions

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATMajor headingSubheadingText lines

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMAT Offset each item with a bullet rather than a Roman numeral or letter

THE MEDICAL LECTURE SLIDE FORMAT Use numerals only if

numerical order is importantExample – the ABCs of CPRExample – the most common cancers in women, in descending order of frequency

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATLimit script on each line and number of lines on each slide so that the slide is easily visible from the back of a larger conference room

THE MEDICAL LECTURE“TOO MUCH” MATERIAL ON SLIDE Criteria for the diagnosis of severe pre-

eclampsiaBP > 160 mm HgBP > 110 mm HgCNS hyperexcitabilityVisual changesHeadachePulmonary edemaIUGRThombocytopeniaAbnormal liver function testsOliguria

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATChoose appropriate colors for the background and text so that the bullets and script are easily visible and the text reproduces uniformly

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMAT – BAD EXAMPLEBe wary of color choicesBe wary of color choicesSome color combinations may not be easily visible

Some color combinations may not be easily visible

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMAT Choose appropriate size lettering – especially when your lecture will be presented in a large room

Do not use font size < 28

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMAT - EXAMPLE This script is too small

This script is too big

This script is probably just right

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATLimit the number of narrative text slides to approximately 1 to 1.5 per minute

Proofread slides carefully

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATWhen you do not proofred yur slides carfully, you create the impression of hapharzardniss in your approash to science

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATUse graphs, pie charts, and tabular summaries in lieu of narrative text when appropriate

Be certain that graphs and tables are labeled correctly and that they are easily visible

HIV INFECTIONRISK OF PERINATAL TRANSMISSION

Obstetric Obstetric InterventionIntervention

Perinatal Perinatal Transmission Transmission (%)(%)

No treatmentNo treatment 2828

ZDV aloneZDV alone 88

HAARTHAART <2<2

HIV INFECTIONEPIDEMIOLOGY IN WOMEN

A-AHispanicWhite

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMATAvoid use of complicated tables and figures

You should not have to apologize for a "busy slide“ because you should not show it in the first place

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMAT

Be wary of flash over substance

THE MEDICAL LECTURESLIDE FORMAT Provide citations for key

studies Include pertinent clinical

materialsSonogramMRI or CT scanAnatomic specimen

CLINICAL MATERIALEXAMPLE

CLINICAL MATERIALEXAMPLE

PREPARING FOR THE ORAL PRESENTATIONBe certain of the

operation of the projector, remote control, and pointer

Be certain of interfacesComputer projectorFlash drive

computerVersions of power

point

PREPARING FOR THE ORAL PRESENTATION

RehearseRehearseRehearse

Goal = perfect practice

SURVEYING THE CONFERENCE ROOM Review controls for room lights

Determine optimal lighting Set comfortable room temperature

SURVEYING THE CONFERENCE ROOM

Insure that adequate seating is available – especially for late arrivals

Eliminate distracting noises such as pagers, cell phones, voices in adjacent rooms, and background music

MAKING THE ORAL PRESENTATIONDress in an appropriate manner for the event

Stand erect

MAKING THE ORAL PRESENTATIONSpeak at an appropriate rate and volume

Maintain eye contact

Do not continuously face the screen

MAKING THE ORAL PRESENTATIONBe appropriately formal but not at the expense of spontaneity

Avoid distracting mannerisms

MAKING THE ORAL PRESENTATIONHold the pointer steadyIlluminate the device only when pointing at a specific feature of the slide

Do not wave the pointer haphazardly

MAKING THE ORAL PRESENTATIONElicit interaction with the audience whenever possible

MAKING THE PRESENTATION HUMOROUS SLIDES

Must always be in good taste

Must be relevant to the subject

MAKING THE PRESENTATION HUMOROUS SLIDESUse humor to make an important point

If humor alone is the point, do not use the slide

MAKING THE PRESENTATIONPODIUM AND MICROPHONE Positioning of

the podium Fixed

microphone Portable

microphone

MAKING THE PRESENTATIONRESPONSE TO QUESTIONS

Written vs oral

Repeat the question so that all can hear

EVALUATING THE PRESENTATION“AFTER ACTION” ASSESSMENT Immediately evaluate your

presentation Correct obvious errors Reassess when you receive

your formal evaluation and then further modify the presentation

THE MEDICAL LECTURECONCLUSIONS

Select an appropriate topic

ADHERE TO THE TIME LIMIT

Follow the written outline

Prepare attractive slides

THE MEDICAL LECTURECONCLUSIONSRehearse the

presentationMaximize the

ambient environment

Engage the audience

ADHERE TO THE TIME LIMIT !

THE MEDICAL LECTURECONCLUSIONS

Be at peace with the fact that you cannot please everyone no matter how hard you try