basic blasting

PELEDAKAN TAMBANG TERBUKA

Disajikan dalam :RAKER INTERNAL PT. BUMA (11 - 12 Oktober 2004)

oleh :DEDY IRAWANDIVISI TAMBANG UMUMPT. DAHANA (PERSERO)

S A M A R I N D AKALIMANTAN TIMUR 2 0 0 4

MATERI PEMBORAN DAN PELEDAKAN

TEKNIK PELEDAKAN

TEKNIK PEMBORAN

EKONOMI PELEDAKAN

DAMPAK PELEDAKAN

SAFE BLASTING

MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCING BLAST EFFICIENCY

ATTITUDE

COMMUNICATION

BLAST DESIGN

GEOLOGICAL EFFECTS

ATTITUDE

PAYING ATTENTION TO DETAILS

EACH OPERATION MUST BE COMPLETED AS PRECISELY AS POSSIBLE

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (T.Q.M)

GROUP EFFORT

COMMUNICATION

) SAFE BLASTING PRACTICES REQUIRE GOOD COMMUNICATION.

) COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEMBERS OF SAME GROUP AND BETWEEN GROUPS.

) OPTIMUM BLAST DESIGNS DEPEND ON INPUT FROM EACH GROUP.

KEYS TO EFFICIENT BLAST DESIGN

UNIFORM ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONAPPROPRIATE ENERGY CONFINEMENTPROPER ENERGY LEVELADJUSMENT OF DESIGN TO MEET -EXISTING CONDITIONS

APPROACH TO ACHIEVING OPTIMUMBLAST EFFIENCY

W a t e rStatic waterDynamic waterMultiple priming is advised in wet blast hole

GEOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Simplified blocky rockmasspoorfragmentationfree facezone

expanded pattern prevents even energy distributionuniformfragmentation

tight pattern promotes even energy distribution

Zero Oxygen Balance = 94.3% AN + 5.7% FO Over fuel mix, example: 92% AN + 8% FO Prod. 6% less energy CO Under fuel mix, example: 96% AN + 4% FO Prod. 18% less energy NO2 Increase sensitivity Its generally better to over fuel ANFO rather than under fuel it.P r i m e r s : Primer diameter should closely match hole dia. Two primers are recommended for blasthole over 15 meters deep [ANFO] & 10 meters deep [Emulsion Blend].

SURFACE BLASTING GEOMETRY

Decoupling Effect on Detonation Pressure

% reduction in wetDiameter of ExplosiveBlastholes equalsDiameter of Blasthole

% reduction in dryDiameter of ExplosiveBlastholes equalsDiameter of Blasthole

Example : the detonation pressure of a 127 mm diameter explosive in a 165 mm diameter blasthole will be reduced by 38% in a wet hole and 49% in a dry hole.

Initial Burden Dimension

Explosive Density x 2 + 1.8 x Explosive Diameter Rock Density 84

= 1-= 1-1.82.6Burden (m) =

SPACINGNormally ranges from (1 to 1.8) x BurdenOptimum energy distribution:S = 1.15 x BPattern is laid out in Staggered

SUBDRILLINGNormally ranges from ( 0.3 to 0.5 ) x Burdenor ranges from (8 12) x Hole diameterto much Sub drilling produces ExcessiveGround VibrationLess Sub drilling produces Excessive toeTo improve fragmentation the blast hole primershould be placed at grade level.

DECKING / AIR DECKINGMinimum decking for dry holes:Deck = hole diameter x 6Minimum decking for wet holes:Deck = hole diameter x 12Air decking can reduce the amount of explosivesto achieve good results by efficiently utilising the available explosive energy.

S T E M M I N G

Normally ranges from (20 to 30) x Hole dia.or equal to 0.7 x Burden.

Crushed rock confine explosive energyBetter than drill cuttings.

Wet blast holes require more stemming forconfinement than dry blast holes.

Relative Confinement (RC):>> 1.4 : Confine> 80% to produce uniformfragmentation

To improve VED : Reduce charge dia. orIncrease Bench height. Then recalculateBurden and stemming dimensions.

StemLength

ChargeDiameterBASIC BLAST DESIGN Relative Confinement (RC)Calculation (Stem Length x 210,000) + (Charge Diameter x 600)RC = (Charge Energy ABS x Charge Diameter)

Example 1 :Charge Diameter152 mmCharge Energy ABS3167 j/ccStemming Length3.7 m

Relative Confinement1.80typically well confinedExample 2 :Charge Diameter152 mmCharge Energy ABS3167 j/gStemming Length2.1 mRelative Confinement1.11poorly confined

Sheet1

Range Of Delay Intervals Between RowsGeneral Consideration

Massive Structure

Blocky Structure

Highly Jointed Structure

Weak Seams, Slip Planes

Water Filled Blastholes

Explosives Density > 1.3

Compact Muckpile

Loose Muckpile

Spread Out Muckpile

Improved Fragmentation

Limit Back Break

Control Flyrock

Minimize Airblast

Minimize Ground Vibration

0369121518212427303336

Delay Interval (milliseconds per metre of burden)

Sheet2

Explosives Absolute Bulk Strength Calculation

Explosives Density (g/cc)

0.60.650.70.750.80.850.90.9511.051.11.151.21.251.31.35

2,5001,5001,6251,7501,8752,0002,1252,2502,3752,5002,6252,7502,8753,0003,1253,2503,375

2,5501,5301,6581,7851,9132,0402,1682,2952,4232,5502,6782,8052,9333,0603,1883,3153,443

2,6001,5601,6901,8201,9502,0802,2102,3402,4702,6002,7302,8602,9903,1203,2503,3803,510

2,6501,5901,7231,8551,9882,1202,2532,3852,5182,6502,7832,9153,0483,1803,3133,4453,578

2,7001,6201,7551,8902,0252,1602,2952,4302,5652,7002,8352,9703,1053,2403,3753,5103,645

2,7501,6501,7881,9252,0632,2002,3382,4752,6132,7502,8883,0253,1633,3003,4383,5753,713

2,8001,6801,8201,9602,1002,2402,3802,5202,6602,8002,9403,0803,2203,3603,5003,6403,780

2,8501,7101,8531,9952,1382,2802,4232,5652,7082,8502,9933,1353,2783,4203,5633,7053,848

2,9001,7401,8852,0302,1752,3202,4652,6102,7552,9003,0453,1903,3353,4803,6253,7703,915

2,9501,7701,9182,0652,2132,3602,5082,6552,8032,9503,0983,2453,3933,5403,6883,8353,983

3,0001,8001,9502,1002,2502,4002,5502,7002,8503,0003,1503,3003,4503,6003,7503,9004,050

3,1001,8602,0152,1702,3252,4802,6352,7902,9453,1003,2553,4103,5653,7203,8754,0304,185

3,2001,9202,0802,2402,4002,5602,7202,8803,0403,2003,3603,5203,6803,8404,0004,1604,320

3,3001,9802,1452,3102,4752,6402,8052,9703,1353,3003,4653,6303,7953,9604,1254,2904,455

3,4002,0402,2102,3802,5502,7202,8903,0603,2303,4003,5703,7403,9104,0804,2504,4204,590

3,5002,1002,2752,4502,6252,8002,9753,1503,3253,5003,6753,8504,0254,2004,3754,5504,725

3,6002,1602,3402,5202,7002,8803,0603,2403,4203,6003,7803,9604,1404,3204,5004,6804,860

3,7002,2202,4052,5902,7752,9603,1453,3303,5153,7003,8854,0704,2554,4404,6254,8104,995

3,8002,2802,4702,6602,8503,0403,2303,4203,6103,8003,9904,1804,3704,5604,7504,9405,130

3,9002,3402,5352,7302,9253,1203,3153,5103,7053,9004,0954,2904,4854,6804,8755,0705,265

4,0002,4002,6002,8003,0003,2003,4003,6003,8004,0004,2004,4004,6004,8005,0005,2005,400

4,1502,4902,6982,9053,1133,3203,5283,7353,9434,1504,3584,5654,7734,9805,1885,3955,603

4,3002,5802,7953,0103,2253,4403,6553,8704,0854,3004,5154,7304,9455,1605,3755,5905,805

4,4502,6702,8933,1153,3383,5603,7834,0054,2284,4504,6734,8955,1185,3405,5635,7856,008

4,6002,7602,9903,2203,4503,6803,9104,1404,3704,6004,8305,0605,2905,5205,7505,9806,210

4,7502,8503,0883,3253,5633,8004,0384,2754,5134,7504,9885,2255,4635,7005,9386,1756,413

4,9002,9403,1853,4303,6753,9204,1654,4104,6554,9005,1455,3905,6355,8806,1256,3706,615

Efficient Blasting Techniques - Dyno Wesfarmers - Blast Dynamics 1995

Basic Blast Design - Page 7

AWS (kl/g)

Sheet3

RELATIVE STEMMING CONFINEMENT CALCULATION

Charge Diameter (mm)

5060708090100125150175200225250275300325350

1.004,8004,1003,6003,2252,9332,7002,2802,0001,8001,6501,5331,4401,3641,3001,2461,200

1.255,8504,9754,3503,8813,5173,2252,7002,3502,1001,9131,7671,6501,5551,4751,4081,350

1.506,9005,8505,1004,5384,1003,7503,1202,7002,4002,1752,0001,8601,7451,6501,5691,500

1.757,9506,7255,8505,1944,6834,2753,5403,0502,7002,4382,2332,0701,9361,8251,7311,650

2.009,0007,6006,6005,8505,2674,8003,9603,4003,0002,7002,4672,2802,1272,0001,8921,800

2.2510,0508,4757,3506,5065,8505,3254,3803,7503,3002,9632,7002,4902,3182,1752,0541,950

2.5011,1009,3508,1007,1636,4335,8504,8004,1003,6003,2252,9332,7002,5092,3502,2152,100

2.7512,15010,2258,8507,8197,0176,3755,2204,4503,9003,4883,1672,9102,7002,5252,3772,250

3.0013,20011,1009,6008,4757,6006,9005,6404,8004,2003,7503,4003,1202,8912,7002,5382,400

3.2514,25011,97510,3509,1318,1837,4256,0605,1504,5004,0133,6333,3303,0822,8752,7002,550

3.5015,30012,85011,1009,7888,7677,9506,4805,5004,8004,2753,8673,5403,2733,0502,8622,700

3.7516,35013,72511,85010,4449,3508,4756,9005,8505,1004,5384,1003,7503,4643,2253,0232,850

4.0017,40014,60012,60011,1009,9339,0007,3206,2005,4004,8004,3333,9603,6553,4003,1853,000

4.2518,45015,47513,35011,75610,5179,5257,7406,5505,7005,0634,5674,1703,8453,5753,3463,150

4.7520,55017,22514,85013,06911,68310,5758,5807,2506,3005,5885,0334,5904,2273,9253,6693,450

5.0021,60018,10015,60013,72512,26711,1009,0007,6006,6005,8505,2674,8004,4184,1003,8313,600

5.5023,70019,85017,10015,03813,43312,1509,8408,3007,2006,3755,7335,2204,8004,4504,1543,900

6.0025,80021,60018,60016,35014,60013,20010,6809,0007,8006,9006,2005,6405,1824,8004,4774,200

6.5027,90023,35020,10017,66315,76714,25011,5209,7008,4007,4256,6676,0605,5645,1504,8004,500

7.0030,00025,10021,60018,97516,93315,30012,36010,4009,0007,9507,1336,4805,9455,5005,1234,800

7.5032,10026,85023,10020,28818,10016,35013,20011,1009,6008,4757,6006,9006,3275,8505,4465,100

8.0034,20028,60024,60021,60019,26717,40014,04011,80010,2009,0008,0677,3206,7096,2005,7695,400

8.5036,30030,35026,10022,91320,43318,45014,88012,50010,8009,5258,5337,7407,0916,5506,0925,700

9.0038,40032,10027,60024,22521,60019,50015,72013,20011,40010,0509,0008,1607,4736,9006,4156,000

9.5040,50033,85029,10025,53822,76720,55016,56013,90012,00010,5759,4678,5807,8557,2506,7386,300

10.0042,60035,60030,60026,85023,93321,60017,40014,60012,60011,1009,9339,0008,2367,6007,0626,600

10.5044,70037,35032,10028,16325,10022,65018,24015,30013,20011,62510,4009,4208,6187,9507,3856,900

11.0046,80039,10033,60029,47526,26723,70019,08016,00013,80012,15010,8679,8409,0008,3007,7087,200

11.5048,90040,85035,10030,78827,43324,75019,92016,70014,40012,67511,33310,2609,3828,6508,0317,500

Stem Length (m)

To calculate the relative confinement find the value that represents the stem length and charge diameter. Next divide the value by the absolute bulk strenght of the explosives. For example, with a charge diameter of 150 mm and a stem length of 4 m the corresponding value = 6200. Assuming that ANFO with an ABS of 3200 is the explosives used, the relative cinfinement will equal 6200 divided by by 3200 or 1.94. Generally if the relative confinement is greater than 1.4 the cinfinement will be adequate if the value is less than 1.4 flyrock and steming ejection may occur.

Stem Length (m)

Sheet4

Initial Burden Estimation Guide

Explosives Density

0.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.151.201.251.301.351.401.45

1.02.00001111111111111111111

1.111111111111111111122

1.211111111111111122222

1.311111111111111222222

1.411111111111122222222

1.511111111112222222222

1.611111111122222222222

1.711111111222222222222

1.811111112222222222233

1.911111122222222222333

2.011111222222222233333

2.111111222222222333333

2.211112222222223333333

2.311112222222233333333

2.411122222222333333333

2.511222222223333333344

2.611222222223333333444

2.711222222233333334444

2.812222222333333344444

2.912222222333333344444

3.022222223333333444444

3.122222223333334444444

3.222222233333344444445

3.322222233333344444455

3.422222333333444444555

3.522222333334444445555

3.622223333334444455555

3.772223333344444455555

3.822333334444455555666

3.923333444445555666677

4.033334444555566677778

4.133344455556667777888

4.233444555666777888999

4.33444556667778889991010

4.4444556667778899910101011

4.544556667788999101011111112

4.64556677788991010101111121213

4.755667788899101011111212131314

4.85667788991010111112121313141415

4.956678899101011111212131314151516

5.0667789910101112121313141415161617

Rock Density

Sheet5

1Poor Energy Distribution 2Fair Energy Distribution 3

Good Energy DistributionENERGY DISTRIBUTION

Step #2Place small explosives deck in hard zone. If downhole delays are used the deck should be fired 25 ms before the main charge.

Cap Rock

Step #3Drill satellite holes between production holes and if possible load into hard zone.

reduce

Step #1Increase charge length while maintaining explosives confinement and or reduce the pattern size.

STEPS TO IMPROVE TOP BREAKAGECap Rock

Cap Rock

ANGLE DRILLING

ADVANTAGES

>> Better energy distribution>> Reduced over break>> Better floor control>> Improve high wall stability

DISADVANTAGES

>> Requires attention to drill set-up>> Generally shorter bit life>> Greater hole deviation>> Higher drilling cost per meter>> Require expert drillers>> Require wider drill benches

Normally : 10 18 DegreeRequires Profiling Technique for fresh wall.

ADVANTAGES OF ANGLE DRILLINGPOORFRAGMENTATION USEFUL ENERGY

WASTED ENERGY

MUCKPILE DISPLACEMENT

Short delay intervals ( 100 ms) are required between rows to maximize displacement. The type of excavator will often determine the degree of displacement required which will dictate the delay interval between rows of blast holes. WALL CONTROL To short of delay intervals between holes in a row and between rows can cause excessive over break. If the delay between blast holes in the back row is less than 42 ms, the charges can act together to damage the back wall. Too short of delay interval between rows (

Sheet1

Range Of Delay Intervals Between RowsGeneral Consideration

Massive Structure

Blocky Structure

Highly Jointed Structure

Weak Seams, Slip Planes

Water Filled Blastholes

Explosives Density > 1.3

Compact Muckpile

Loose Muckpile

Spread Out Muckpile

Improved Fragmentation

Limit Back Break

Control Flyrock

Minimize Airblast

Minimize Ground Vibration

0369121518212427303336

Delay Interval (milliseconds per metre of burden)

Sheet2

Explosives Absolute Bulk Strength Calculation

Explosives Density (g/cc)

0.60.650.70.750.80.850.90.9511.051.11.151.21.251.31.35

2,5001,5001,6251,7501,8752,0002,1252,2502,3752,5002,6252,7502,8753,0003,1253,2503,375

2,5501,5301,6581,7851,9132,0402,1682,2952,4232,5502,6782,8052,9333,0603,1883,3153,443

2,6001,5601,6901,8201,9502,0802,2102,3402,4702,6002,7302,8602,9903,1203,2503,3803,510

2,6501,5901,7231,8551,9882,1202,2532,3852,5182,6502,7832,9153,0483,1803,3133,4453,578

2,7001,6201,7551,8902,0252,1602,2952,4302,5652,7002,8352,9703,1053,2403,3753,5103,645

2,7501,6501,7881,9252,0632,2002,3382,4752,6132,7502,8883,0253,1633,3003,4383,5753,713

2,8001,6801,8201,9602,1002,2402,3802,5202,6602,8002,9403,0803,2203,3603,5003,6403,780

2,8501,7101,8531,9952,1382,2802,4232,5652,7082,8502,9933,1353,2783,4203,5633,7053,848

2,9001,7401,8852,0302,1752,3202,4652,6102,7552,9003,0453,1903,3353,4803,6253,7703,915

2,9501,7701,9182,0652,2132,3602,5082,6552,8032,9503,0983,2453,3933,5403,6883,8353,983

3,0001,8001,9502,1002,2502,4002,5502,7002,8503,0003,1503,3003,4503,6003,7503,9004,050

3,1001,8602,0152,1702,3252,4802,6352,7902,9453,1003,2553,4103,5653,7203,8754,0304,185

3,2001,9202,0802,2402,4002,5602,7202,8803,0403,2003,3603,5203,6803,8404,0004,1604,320

3,3001,9802,1452,3102,4752,6402,8052,9703,1353,3003,4653,6303,7953,9604,1254,2904,455

3,4002,0402,2102,3802,5502,7202,8903,0603,2303,4003,5703,7403,9104,0804,2504,4204,590

3,5002,1002,2752,4502,6252,8002,9753,1503,3253,5003,6753,8504,0254,2004,3754,5504,725

3,6002,1602,3402,5202,7002,8803,0603,2403,4203,6003,7803,9604,1404,3204,5004,6804,860

3,7002,2202,4052,5902,7752,9603,1453,3303,5153,7003,8854,0704,2554,4404,6254,8104,995

3,8002,2802,4702,6602,8503,0403,2303,4203,6103,8003,9904,1804,3704,5604,7504,9405,130

3,9002,3402,5352,7302,9253,1203,3153,5103,7053,9004,0954,2904,4854,6804,8755,0705,265

4,0002,4002,6002,8003,0003,2003,4003,6003,8004,0004,2004,4004,6004,8005,0005,2005,400

4,1502,4902,6982,9053,1133,3203,5283,7353,9434,1504,3584,5654,7734,9805,1885,3955,603

4,3002,5802,7953,0103,2253,4403,6553,8704,0854,3004,5154,7304,9455,1605,3755,5905,805

4,4502,6702,8933,1153,3383,5603,7834,0054,2284,4504,6734,8955,1185,3405,5635,7856,008

4,6002,7602,9903,2203,4503,6803,9104,1404,3704,6004,8305,0605,2905,5205,7505,9806,210

4,7502,8503,0883,3253,5633,8004,0384,2754,5134,7504,9885,2255,4635,7005,9386,1756,413

4,9002,9403,1853,4303,6753,9204,1654,4104,6554,9005,1455,3905,6355,8806,1256,3706,615

Efficient Blasting Techniques - Dyno Wesfarmers - Blast Dynamics 1995

Basic Blast Design - Page 7

AWS (kl/g)

Sheet3

RELATIVE STEMMING CONFINEMENT CALCULATION

Charge Diameter (mm)

5060708090100125150175200225250275300325350

1.004,8004,1003,6003,2252,9332,7002,2802,0001,8001,6501,5331,4401,3641,3001,2461,200

1.255,8504,9754,3503,8813,5173,2252,7002,3502,1001,9131,7671,6501,5551,4751,4081,350

1.506,9005,8505,1004,5384,1003,7503,1202,7002,4002,1752,0001,8601,7451,6501,5691,500

1.757,9506,7255,8505,1944,6834,2753,5403,0502,7002,4382,2332,0701,9361,8251,7311,650

2.009,0007,6006,6005,8505,2674,8003,9603,4003,0002,7002,4672,2802,1272,0001,8921,800

2.2510,0508,4757,3506,5065,8505,3254,3803,7503,3002,9632,7002,4902,3182,1752,0541,950

2.5011,1009,3508,1007,1636,4335,8504,8004,1003,6003,2252,9332,7002,5092,3502,2152,100

2.7512,15010,2258,8507,8197,0176,3755,2204,4503,9003,4883,1672,9102,7002,5252,3772,250

3.0013,20011,1009,6008,4757,6006,9005,6404,8004,2003,7503,4003,1202,8912,7002,5382,400

3.2514,25011,97510,3509,1318,1837,4256,0605,1504,5004,0133,6333,3303,0822,8752,7002,550

3.5015,30012,85011,1009,7888,7677,9506,4805,5004,8004,2753,8673,5403,2733,0502,8622,700

3.7516,35013,72511,85010,4449,3508,4756,9005,8505,1004,5384,1003,7503,4643,2253,0232,850

4.0017,40014,60012,60011,1009,9339,0007,3206,2005,4004,8004,3333,9603,6553,4003,1853,000

4.2518,45015,47513,35011,75610,5179,5257,7406,5505,7005,0634,5674,1703,8453,5753,3463,150

4.7520,55017,22514,85013,06911,68310,5758,5807,2506,3005,5885,0334,5904,2273,9253,6693,450

5.0021,60018,10015,60013,72512,26711,1009,0007,6006,6005,8505,2674,8004,4184,1003,8313,600

5.5023,70019,85017,10015,03813,43312,1509,8408,3007,2006,3755,7335,2204,8004,4504,1543,900

6.0025,80021,60018,60016,35014,60013,20010,6809,0007,8006,9006,2005,6405,1824,8004,4774,200

6.5027,90023,35020,10017,66315,76714,25011,5209,7008,4007,4256,6676,0605,5645,1504,8004,500

7.0030,00025,10021,60018,97516,93315,30012,36010,4009,0007,9507,1336,4805,9455,5005,1234,800

7.5032,10026,85023,10020,28818,10016,35013,20011,1009,6008,4757,6006,9006,3275,8505,4465,100

8.0034,20028,60024,60021,60019,26717,40014,04011,80010,2009,0008,0677,3206,7096,2005,7695,400

8.5036,30030,35026,10022,91320,43318,45014,88012,50010,8009,5258,5337,7407,0916,5506,0925,700

9.0038,40032,10027,60024,22521,60019,50015,72013,20011,40010,0509,0008,1607,4736,9006,4156,000

9.5040,50033,85029,10025,53822,76720,55016,56013,90012,00010,5759,4678,5807,8557,2506,7386,300

10.0042,60035,60030,60026,85023,93321,60017,40014,60012,60011,1009,9339,0008,2367,6007,0626,600

10.5044,70037,35032,10028,16325,10022,65018,24015,30013,20011,62510,4009,4208,6187,9507,3856,900

11.0046,80039,10033,60029,47526,26723,70019,08016,00013,80012,15010,8679,8409,0008,3007,7087,200

11.5048,90040,85035,10030,78827,43324,75019,92016,70014,40012,67511,33310,2609,3828,6508,0317,500

Stem Length (m)

To calculate the relative confinement find the value that represents the stem length and charge diameter. Next divide the value by the absolute bulk strenght of the explosives. For example, with a charge diameter of 150 mm and a stem length of 4 m the corresponding value = 6200. Assuming that ANFO with an ABS of 3200 is the explosives used, the relative cinfinement will equal 6200 divided by by 3200 or 1.94. Generally if the relative confinement is greater than 1.4 the cinfinement will be adequate if the value is less than 1.4 flyrock and steming ejection may occur.

Stem Length (m)

Sheet4

Initial Burden Estimation Guide

Explosives Density

0.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.151.201.251.301.351.401.45

1.02.00001111111111111111111

1.111111111111111111122

1.211111111111111122222

1.311111111111111222222

1.411111111111122222222

1.511111111112222222222

1.611111111122222222222

1.711111111222222222222

1.811111112222222222233

1.911111122222222222333

2.011111222222222233333

2.111111222222222333333

2.211112222222223333333

2.311112222222233333333

2.411122222222333333333

2.511222222223333333344

2.611222222223333333444

2.711222222233333334444

2.812222222333333344444

2.912222222333333344444

3.022222223333333444444

3.122222223333334444444

3.222222233333344444445

3.322222233333344444455

3.422222333333444444555

3.522222333334444445555

3.622223333334444455555

3.772223333344444455555

3.822333334444455555666

3.923333444445555666677

4.033334444555566677778

4.133344455556667777888

4.233444555666777888999

4.33444556667778889991010

4.4444556667778899910101011

4.544556667788999101011111112

4.64556677788991010101111121213

4.755667788899101011111212131314

4.85667788991010111112121313141415

4.956678899101011111212131314151516

5.0667789910101112121313141415161617

Rock Density

Sheet5

Blast Timing andDesign Configuration

Sheet1

Row by Row Pattern

Delay configuration (ms timing shown)

PI

Nominal firing times

Efficient Blasting Techniques - Dyno Wesfarmes - Blast Dynamics 1995

Timing Design - Page 10

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

200 209 218 227 236 245 254 263

100 109 118 127 136 145 154 163

0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Sheet2

Echelon Pattern


P1




42 42 42 42 42 42 42

102 144 186 228 270 312 354 396

51 93 135 177 219 261 303 345

0 42 84 126 168 210 252 294

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

42

42

Sheet4

Zig Zag Pattern


P1




17

17

17

219 202 185 168 210 227 244 261

135 118 101 84 126 143 160 177

52 34 17 0 42 59 76 92

17

17

17

17

17

17

42

42

42

42

42

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

Sheet3

Diamond Pattern





25 25 25 25 17 17 17

219 202 185 168 210 227 244 261

100 75 50 25 0 17 34 51

167 142 117 92 67 76 93 110

42 42 42 42 42 42

42 42 42 42 42 42

25

25

17

17

PI

Sheet1

Row by Row Pattern


PI




100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

200 209 218 227 236 245 254 263

100 109 118 127 136 145 154 163

0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Sheet2

Echelon Pattern


PI




42 42 42 42 42 42 42

102 144 186 228 270 312 354 396

51 93 135 177 219 261 303 345

0 42 84 126 168 210 252 294

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

42

42

Sheet4

Zig Zag Pattern


P1




17

17

17

219 202 185 168 210 227 244 261

135 118 101 84 126 143 160 177

52 34 17 0 42 59 76 92

17

17

17

17

17

17

42

42

42

42

42

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

Sheet3

Diamond Pattern





25 25 25 25 17 17 17

219 202 185 168 210 227 244 261

100 75 50 25 0 17 34 51

167 142 117 92 67 76 93 110

42 42 42 42 42 42

42 42 42 42 42 42

25

25

17

17

PI

Sheet1

Row by Row Pattern


PI




100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

200 209 218 227 236 245 254 263

100 109 118 127 136 145 154 163

0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Sheet2

Echelon Pattern


PI




42 42 42 42 42 42 42

102 144 186 228 270 312 354 396

51 93 135 177 219 261 303 345

0 42 84 126 168 210 252 294

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

42

42

Sheet4

Zig Zag Pattern


PI




17

17

17

219 202 185 168 210 227 244 261

135 118 101 84 126 143 160 177

52 34 17 0 42 59 76 92

17

17

17

17

17

17

42

42

42

42

42

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

Sheet3

Diamond Pattern





25 25 25 25 17 17 17

219 202 185 168 210 227 244 261

100 75 50 25 0 17 34 51

167 142 117 92 67 76 93 110

42 42 42 42 42 42

42 42 42 42 42 42

25

25

17

17

PI

Sheet1

PT. TRUMIX BETONBLASTING PLAN - BENCH : 7

QUARRY DIVISIONNONEL FIRING SYSTEM

DRILL & BLAST SECTIONscale 1 : 200

BENCH-6BLASTING MACHINE

ELECTRIC DETONATOR

BENCH-7

Note :Trunk Line Delay 17 ms - 6 meters

Trunk Line Delay 65 ms - 6 meters

Crest

Toe

Drill Holes

ITEMPLANACTUALITEMSPLANACTUALITEMSPLANACTUALEVALUATION

Diameter(inches)44Angle(degree)1010Inhole Delay No.73030Fragmentation: Good

Spacing(meters)5.35.3Digable Volume(BCMs)15,52615,526Inhole Delay No.81515Displacement: Good

Burden(meters)4.24.2ANFO(Kgs)4,0253,950Trunk Line Delay 17 ms1515Complaint- Fly Rock: -

No of Holes4545Powergel Magnum(Kgs)4580Trunk Line Delay 65 ms2929- Ground Vibration: -

Depth(meters)see tablesee tablePowder Factor(Kg/BCM)0.2620.260Electric Detonator22: Other: Back Break behind C1-C3

Sub-drill(meters)1.51.5Date :Approved by :

Sheet2

PT. TRUMIX BETONBLASTING PLAN - BENCH : 7

QUARRY DIVISIONNONEL FIRING SYSTEM

DRILL & BLAST SECTIONscale 1 : 200

BENCH-6BLASTING MACHINE

ELECTRIC DETONATOR

BENCH-7

Note :Trunk Line Delay 17 ms - 6 meters

Trunk Line Delay 65 ms - 6 meters

Crest

Toe

Drill Holes

ITEMPLANACTUALITEMSPLANACTUALITEMSPLANACTUALEVALUATION

Diameter(inches)44Angle(degree)1010Inhole Delay No.73030Fragmentation: Good

Spacing(meters)5.35.3Digable Volume(BCMs)15,52615,526Inhole Delay No.81515Displacement: Good

Burden(meters)4.24.2ANFO(Kgs)4,0253,950Trunk Line Delay 17 ms1515Complaint- Fly Rock: -

No of Holes4545Powergel Magnum(Kgs)4580Trunk Line Delay 65 ms2929- Ground Vibration: -

Depth(meters)see tablesee tablePowder Factor(Kg/BCM)0.2620.260Electric Detonator22: Other: Back Break behind C1-C3

Sub-drill(meters)1.51.5Date :Approved by :

Sheet3

basic blasting

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