basic accounting part 2
TRANSCRIPT
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November 2009UC Berkeley Controllers Office
Financial Management Certificate Program Curriculum
Basic Accounting for theUC Berkeley Financial Environment
Making Cents of Economic Events
Part Two: The Accounting Equation
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UC Berkeley Controllers Office Basic Accounting: Part Two
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Further Tips
We recommend that you leave the sound audio ON
during this presentation, in order to hear the explanationsand examples of the slides
If you would like to print the slides of this course, MakingCents of Economic Events, go to:
controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/online1.htm
http://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/online1.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/online1.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/online1.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/online1.htm -
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Financial Management Certificate Program
This four part course, Basic Accounting for the UC
Berkeley Financial Environment, is part of the FinancialManagement Certificate Program (FMCP)
If you want course credit in the Financial ManagementCertificate Program, you must complete this onlinecourse and pass the online quiz, Basic Accounting forthe UC Berkeley Financial Environment, Part 2: TheAccounting Equation
You can access the quiz through the UC Learning Center
For information about FMCP click on the following link:
Financial Management Certificate Program(controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htm)
http://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htmhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/FMCP/index.htm -
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How This Course Works
This course, Making Cents of Economic Events, is
designed to introduce accounting concepts. Due to thecomplexity of the material, the course is presented in foursections:
Part One: Introduction to Accounting discusses thecharacteristics of accounting information and their
importance in enabling decision-makers to make betterdecisions
Part Two: The Accounting Equation introduces theaccounting equation and the rules for debits and credits
Part Three: Fund Accounting Basics discusses how fund
accounting works at UC Berkeley and introduces basicaccounting principles
Part Four: Reporting moves from unit reports to campusreports, and ends with the consolidated statements of theUniversity of California (systemwide)
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Six Course Objectives
At the end of the four parts of this course you should:
1. Understand the role of accounting in decision-making and inthe stewardship of resources, and what characteristics ofaccounting information are required for the information to beuseful for decision-making
2. Be familiar with the accounting equation, its elements, such
as assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and how theseelements change in relation to one another
3. Have a general understanding of debits and credits and whythey are used
4. Know the definitions to common accounting terms;
5. Know the basics of fund accounting, the different types offunds used by the University, and some basic accountingprinciples
6. Be familiar with unit and campus financial statements andhow they impact the financial statements of the University of
California as a whole
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Summary Part One: Introduction to Accounting
Part 1 introduced Accounting as:
Providing quantitative information that is intended to beuseful in making financial decisions about economicentities (in making reasoned choices among alternative
courses of actions)
The process of identifying, measuring, recording,classifying and summarizing economic events, and thencommunicating information based on these economic
events to interested users
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Outline Part Two: The Accounting Equation
Part Two covers the following topics:
1. The Accounting Equation, its elements and theirdefinitions
2. Rules for debits and credits
3. Simple financial reports
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The Accounting Equation
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An Accounting Entity
An accounting entity is any organization (unit) that
1. Uses economic resources to achieve a purpose
2. Has an identity of its own
3. Is of interest to one or more individuals for decision-
making purposes
Examples of accounting entities at UC Berkeley are thecampus as a whole, a control unit, a department, an
organized research unit (ORU), a recharge unit, arestricted gift, and a research grant
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What Does Accounting Involve?
Accounting involves six actions:
1. Selecting relevant events (such as the purchase of officesupplies, time worked by an employee, or the receipt ofstudent fees) that are evidence of economic activity
2. Measuring the economic events (transactions) in financial
terms, i.e., quantifying in dollars and cents3. Keeping a chronological diary of measured events
4. Classifying and summarizing the measured events
5. Preparing and distributing accounting reports
6. Analyzing and explaining the uses, meaning, andlimitations of the reported information
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Accounting History
One of the earliest books printed (1494) was an
accounting textbook. It memorialized a systematicapproach for keeping track of an entitys resources(assets) and claims against those resources (obligationsto creditors and rights of owners).
The simple accounting equation discussed in that firsttextbook is still the foundation for accounting today,whether for the complex accounting information systems
developed for multinational businesses, governmentsand the University of California, or the simple QuickBooks approach for small business
UC B k l C ll Offi B i A i P T
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Fund Accounting
Part 1 of this course discussed how accounting
information needs to be useful. For a university, becauseof compliance and stewardship issues (discussed in Part3), that means the use of funds.
Each fund is a separate accounting entity.
The Berkeley Financial System (BFS) contains therecords for all our funds
Each fund must be treated as the separate accountingentity that it is -- each fund has its own accounting
elements and each accounting equation must alwaysbalance
Businesses use only one fund
Universities can easily use thousands of funds
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The Accounting Equation
The Accounting Equation
Assets - Liabilities = Net Assets
Reflects the impact transactions have had on the entityover time
Forms a snapshot of the organization a picture at oneparticular point in time
Changes with economic events (transactions)
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Assets: An Element of The Accounting Equation
Assets are resources that the entity can use in the future
Examples of assets are:
Cash
Equipment
Inventory of office supplies
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Liabilities: an Element of The Accounting Equation
Liabilities are obligations that will require future action,
usually the payment of cash Examples of liabilities are:
Accounts payable (vendors)
Vacation accrual (employees)
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Net Assets: an Element of The Accounting Equation
Net Assets is the residual interest in the assets of an
entity that remains after deducting liabilities(In for-profit organizations it is known as Owners Equity.)
Since the University of California is a non-profitorganization without owners, the residual interest in the
assets is known as net assets or as the fund balance The relationship can be represented mathematically as:
Assets - Liabilities = Net Assets (Fund Balance)
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The Algebra of the Accounting Equation
The Accounting Equation (Assets - Liabilities = Net
Assets) is an algebraic equation and as such can bemanipulated like all algebraic expressions.
By adding Liabilities to both sides of the equation, we get
Assets = Liabilities + Net Assets
Traditionally, accounting textbooks use this view of theAccounting Equation when introducing debits and credits.Also, it is the format of one of the standard financialreports known as the balance sheet.
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Changes to Net Assets
As economic events occur, assets and liabilities increase
and decrease. In order to understand why the assetsand liabilities change and to enable decision makers tomake better decisions, we classify the economic eventsand analyze their impact on net assets over a period of
time. Two general classifications are used:
Revenues
Expenses
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Revenues
Revenues are inflows of assets, often representing the
value of services rendered or goods delivered Examples of revenues are:
Student Tuition and Fees
Private Gifts
Contracts and Grants
Facilities rental to outside parties
Ticket sales for athletic events
Revenues increase net assets
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Expenses
Expenses are the outflows of assets usually resulting
from an entitys ongoing operations Examples of expenses are:
Salaries
Office supplies used
Telephone costs
Expenses reduce net assets
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How the Elements are Related
The elements (assets, liabilities, net assets, revenues,
expenses) are all related via the Accounting Equation. Itis a mathematical equation and the equals sign (=)requires that both sides of the equation stay in balance atall times.
Assets = Liabilities + Net Assets
A simple example will illustrate this. Lets assume thatwe only have one fund. Part 3 will discuss what happenswhen we have multiple funds.
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Transaction # 1
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
=
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Transaction # 2
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total+=
Accounts Payable
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Transaction # 3
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
+
+
=
=
Accounts Payable
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y g
Transaction # 4
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
4 Cell phone service
5,0005,750 + 5,000 5,750 Total
+
+
+
=
=
=
Accounts Payable
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y g
Transactions # 5 & 6
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
4 Cell phone service
5,0005,750 + 5,000 5,750 Total
1005 100 Copy revenue, week #1
6
+ AccountsReceivable
450 450 Copy revenue, week #2
5,850 5,000 450 5,000 6,300 Total+=+ +
+
+
+
=
=
=
Accounts Payable
11,300 11,300
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y g
Transaction # 7
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
4 Cell phone service
5,0005,750 + 5,000 5,750 Total
1005 100 Copy revenue, week #1
6
+ AccountsReceivable
450 450 Copy revenue, week #2
5,850 5,000 450 5,000 6,300 Total+=+ +
+
+
+
=
=
=
Accounts Payable
50
6,2505,0504505,0005,850
7
+ +=
Receive 1st months phone bill
Total+
11,300 11,300
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y g
Transaction # 8
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
4 Cell phone service
5,0005,750 + 5,000 5,750 Total
1005 100 Copy revenue, week #1
6
+ AccountsReceivable
450 450 Copy revenue, week #2
5,850 5,000 450 5,000 6,300 Total+=+ +
+
+
+
=
=
=
Accounts Payable
50
6,2505,0504505,0005,850
7
+ +=
Receive 1st months phone bill
Total
8 Purchase of paper
+
6,0505,0504505,0005,650 + += Total+
11,100 11,100
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Transaction # 9
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
4 Cell phone service
5,0005,750 + 5,000 5,750 Total
1005 100 Copy revenue, week #1
6
+ AccountsReceivable
450 450 Copy revenue, week #2
5,850 5,000 450 5,000 6,300 Total+=+ +
+
+
+
=
=
=
Accounts Payable
50
6,2505,0504505,0005,850
7
+ +=
Receive 1st months phone bill
Total
8 Purchase of paper
+
6,0505,0504505,0005,650 + += Total+509 Deposit check from customer
6,0505,0504005,0005,700 + += Total+
11,100 11,100
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Transaction # 10
= + Net Assets
# Cash Net Assets Explanation of Transaction
6,000 6,000 Gift from donor
Assets Liabilities
1
+ Copier
5,0002
5,0006,000 +
= +
5,000
5,000 6,000
Purchase of copier on credit
Total
3 Flyers advertising copy service
5,0005,950 + 5,000 5,950 Total
4 Cell phone service
5,0005,750 + 5,000 5,750 Total
1005 100 Copy revenue, week #1
6
+ AccountsReceivable
450 450 Copy revenue, week #2
5,850 5,000 450 5,000 6,300 Total+=+ +
+
+
+
=
=
=
Accounts Payable
50
6,2505,0504505,0005,850
7
+ +=
Receive 1st months phone bill
Total
8 Purchase of paper
+
6,0505,0504505,0005,650 + += Total+509 Deposit check from customer
6,0505,0504005,0005,700 + += Total+ Payment to copier vendor
6,0502,0504005,0002,700 + += Total+
10
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Link to Print Version of Spreadsheet
Here is a link to a printable version (pdf) of the
Accounting Equation Illustrated spreadsheet controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/Cour
seMaterials/AccountingEquationPartTwo.pdf
Please print a copy of this spreadsheet before
proceeding to the next section, Debits and Credits You will use the spreadsheet as a tool while reviewing
debits and credits
UC Berkeley Controllers Office Basic Accounting: Part Two
http://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/CourseMaterials/AccountingEquationPartTwo.pdfhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/CourseMaterials/AccountingEquationPartTwo.pdfhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/CourseMaterials/AccountingEquationPartTwo.pdfhttp://controller.berkeley.edu/financialManagementTraining/CourseMaterials/AccountingEquationPartTwo.pdf -
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Debits and Credits
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Debits and Credits
Debits and credits have been linked to the accounting
elements for 500 years and have been the source ofconfusion to many over the centuries. They are,however, just a means to an end a convenient way tomanipulate large amounts of accounting data so that it
can be classified and summarized and ultimatelycommunicated.
Economic events are measured in dollars and thentranslated into debits or credits depending on the eventsimpact on the accounting equation
Once the economic events are represented by debits andcredits, the process of classification and summarization ismechanical, and today can be effectively and efficientlydone by a computer
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Assets = Liabilities + Equity
(Net Assets)
Debits Credits
Debits On the Left; Credits on the Right
Credits are just the opposite of debits. Often debits are
thought of as positive numbers and credits as negativenumbers. But really debits are positive numbers that arerepresented on the left side of the accounting equation,and credits are positive numbers represented on the right
side of the accounting equation.
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Accounts
An account is an individual record of increases and
decreases in specific asset, liability and net asset items In its simplest form, an account consists of three parts:
The title of the account (its name)
A left or debit side
A right or credit side Because the alignment of these parts of an account
resembles the letter T, it is referred to as a T account
Name
Debit
Side
Credit
Side
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General Ledger
Even small organizations have numerous accounts. They
are grouped together in what is known as the GeneralLedger.
At one time the General Ledger was an actual book, eachpage representing an account
Now the General Ledger exists in a computer. A listing ofall the accounts in the General Ledger is known as theChart of Accounts.
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The Starting Point: Assets
Long ago it was decided that assets will have debit
balances. From that decision, the rules for debits andcredits follow. Liabilities and Net Assets, being on theopposite side of the equation (equals sign), workopposite that of assets.
A generic asset account looks like this:
Asset
Debit Credit
Increases Decreases
Balance
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Debit Credit
Cash
The rules for debits and credits are:
1. Assets have debit balances. To represent an increase inan asset, add more debits to the account. To represent adecrease in an asset, add credits to the account.
Example:
(1) 6000
(5) 100
(9) 50
50 (3)
200 (4)
200 (8)
3000 (10)
6150 3450
Balance 2700
Rule 1 - Debits and Credits
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Debit Credit
Accounts Payable
2. Liabilities have the opposite balance from assets, i.e., a
credit balance. To increase a liability account, credits areadded. To decrease a liability, debits are added.
Example:
(10) 3000 5000 (2)
3000 5050
2050 Balance
Rule 2 - Debits and Credits
50 (7)
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Debit Credit
Net Assets
3. Net Assets also has a credit balance because it is on the
same side of the equation as liabilities. To increase NetAssets, credits are added. To decrease Net Assets,debits are added.
50 (3)
200 (4)
50 (7)
Example:
(1) 6000
(5) 100
(6) 450
500 6550
6050 Balance
Rule 3 - Debits and Credits
200 (8)
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Recapping - Debit and Credit Rules
Liability + Net Assets=Assets
Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit
Debits are on the left and credits are on the right when T accountsare used
All asset accounts are increased with debits and decreased withcredits
Liabilities and Net Assets work opposite that of assets
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Journal Entries
For over 500 years, transactions have been recorded in a
diary called the General Journal The General Journal is the log of events impacting the
entity, translated into debits and credits
There is a standard format for manual journal entries
(entries into a computerized journal look very different) Because every journal entry has a debit and a credit, we
call this process double-entry bookkeeping
Journal #Account to be debited Amount
Account to be credited Amount
Explanation of transaction
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Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000
Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
6000 Balance
Journal Entry #1
Debit Credit
Cash 6,000
Net Assets 6,000
Transaction # 1: gift received by
donor
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Copier
Debit Credit
(2) 5000
Balance 5000
Accounts Payable
Debit Credit
5000 (2)
5000 Balance
Journal Entry # 2
Debit Credit
Copier 5000
Accounts Payable 5000
Transaction # 2: purchase of copy
machine
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Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000 50 (3)
Balance 5950
Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
(3) 50 6000 Balance
5950 Balance
Journal Entry # 3
Debit Credit
Net Assets 50
Cash 50
Transaction # 3: flyers advertising
copy service
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Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000 50 (3)
Balance 5950 200 (4)
Balance 5750
Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
(3) 50 6000 Balance
(4) 200 5950 Balance
5750 Balance
Journal Entry # 4
Debit Credit
Net Assets 200
Cash 200
Transaction # 4: cell phone service
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Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000 50 (3)
Balance 5950 200 (4)
Balance 5750
(5) 100
Balance 5850
Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
(3) 50 6000 Balance
(4) 200 5950 Balance
5750 Balance
100 (5)
5850 Balance
Journal Entry # 5
Debit Credit
Cash 100
Net Assets 100
Transaction # 5: Copy Revenue -
Week #1
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Accounts Receivable
Debit Credit
(6) 450
Balance 450
Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
(3) 50 6000 Balance
(4) 200 5950 Balance
5750 Balance
100 (5)
5850 Balance
450 (6)
6300 Balance
Journal Entry # 6
Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable 450
Net Assets 450
Transaction # 6: Copy Revenue -
Week #2
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Accounts Payable
Debit Credit
5000 (2)
5000 Balance
50 (7)
5050 Balance
Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
(3) 50 6000 Balance
(4) 200 5950 Balance
5750 Balance
100 (5)
5850 Balance
450 (6)
(7) 50 6300 Balance
6250 Balance
Journal Entry # 7
Debit Credit
Net Assets 50
Accounts Payable 50
Transaction # 7: first months
phone bill
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Net Assets
Debit Credit
6000 (1)
(3) 50 6000 Balance
(4) 200 5950 Balance
5750 Balance
100 (5)
5850 Balance
450 (6)
(7) 50 6300 Balance
(8) 200 6250 Balance
6050 Balance
Journal Entry # 8
Debit Credit
Net Assets 200
Cash 200
Transaction # 8: Purchase of
paper
Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000 50 (3)
Balance 5950 200 (4)
Balance 5750
(5) 100
Balance 5850 200 (8)
Balance 5650
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Accounts Receivable
Debit Credit
(6) 450
Balance 450 50 (9)
Balance 400
Journal Entry # 9
Debit Credit
Cash 50
Accounts Receivable 50
Transaction # 9: Check received
from customer
Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000 50 (3)
Balance 5950 200 (4)
Balance 5750
(5) 100
Balance 5850 200 (8)
Balance 5650
(9) 50
Balance 5700
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Accounts Payable
Debit Credit
5000 (2)
3000 (10)
5000 Balance
50 (7)
5050 Balance
2050 Balance
Journal Entry # 10
Debit Credit
Accounts Payable 3000
Cash 3000
Transaction #10: Payment made
to copier vendor
Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6000
Balance 6000 50 (3)
Balance 5950 200 (4)
Balance 5750
(5) 100
Balance 5850 200 (8)
Balance 5650(9) 50
Balance 5700
Balance 2700
3000 (10)
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Cash
Debit Credit
(1) 6,000
(5) 100
(9) 50
6,150
Balance 2,700
50 (3)
200 (4)
200 (8)
3,000 (10)
3,450
General Ledger (end of period 1)
Accounts Payable
Debit Credit
(10) 3,000 5,000 (2)
50 (7)
5,050
2,050 Balance
Copier
Debit Credit
(2) 5,000
Balance 5,000
Accounts Receivable
Debit Credit
(6) 450
Balance 400
50 (9)
Net Assets
Debit Credit
(3) 50
(4) 200
(7) 50
(8) 200
500
6,000 (2)
100 (5)
450 (6)
6,050 Balance
Assets Liabilities Net Assets= +
3,000
6,050
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The Trial Balance
After the ten transactions, a listing of the accounts in
the General Ledger looks like this:
Account Debits Credits
Cash 2700
Copier 5000
Accounts Receivable 400
Accounts Payable 2050
Net Assets 6050
Totals 8100 8100
The accounting equation is in balance because total
debits equals total credits.
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Net Assets
Credit
100 (5)(3) 50
Debit
Expenses
Debit Credit
Revenues
Balance 500
6550 Balance
Revenue and Expense Accounts
If we use Revenue and Expense accounts, we get more
information on the changes in Net Assets.
450 (6)(4) 200
(7) 50(8) 200
6000 (1)
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Debit Credit
Gifts
Debit Credit
Copy Revenue
Revenues Further Classification
6,000 (1)
6,000 Balance
100 (5)
450 (6)
Revenues:
Gifts 6,000
Copy Revenue 550
Total 6,550
550 Balance
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Debit Credit
Advertising Expense
(3) 50
Balance 50
Debit Credit
Telephone Expense
(4) 200
(7) 50
Balance 250
Debit Credit
Paper Expense
(8) 200
Balance 200
Expenses:
Advertising 50
Telephone 250
Paper 200
500
Expenses Further Classification
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The Trial Balance Expanded
Using the revenue and expense accounts, the
General Ledger listing of accounts looks like this:
Account Debits Credits
Cash 2700
Copier 5000
Accounts Receivable 400
Accounts Payable 2050
Net Assets 0
Gifts 6000
Copy Revenue 550
Advertising 50
Telephone 250
Paper 200
Totals 8600 8600
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In Conclusion: Debits and Credits
Debits and credits make it possible to handle large
amounts of transactional data in a timely manner
The computer enhances the process by moving thedebits and credits faster, and by its ability to keep theaccounting equation in balance at all times
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Basic Reports
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Simple Reports
Information in a general ledger is useless unless it is
communicated to decision makers in a fashion that isunderstandable. Three simple reports have stood thetest of time.
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Statement of Changes in Net Assets
These reports are usually not prepared for campus units,but rather are of the type that would be given to
stakeholders outside the organization. As we will see inPart 4 of this course, financial statements for theUniversity of California as a whole would be similar tothese, just much more complex.
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Balance Sheet
At the End of Period 1
The balance sheet documents the accounting equation
for a particular point in time.
Balance Sheet
Liabilities
Accounts Payable $2,050
Total Liabilities $2,050
Net Assets 6,050
Total $8,100
Assets
Cash $2,700
Copier 5,000
Accounts Receivable 400
Total $8,100
Balance Sheet
At the End of Period 1
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The income statement lists the revenues and the
expenses that the entity has experienced during a
particular period in time.
Income Statement
Revenues:
Gifts $6,000
Copy Revenue 550
Total Revenues $6,550
Expenses:
Advertising 50
Telephone 250
Paper 200
Total expenses 500
Net Income $6,050
Income Statement
For Period 1
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The statement of changes in net assets ties two balance
sheets together with the income statement, documenting
the period between the two balance sheet dates.
Statement of Changes in Net Assets
Beginning Balance $ 0
Plus: Revenues 6,550
Less: Expenses 500
Ending Balance $ 6,050
Statement of Changes in Net Assets
For Period 1
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The Accounting Cycle
Accounting involves six actions:
1. Selecting relevant events (such as the purchase of officesupplies, time worked by an employee, or the receipt ofstudent fees) that are evidence of economic activity
2. Measuring the economic events (transactions) in financial
terms, i.e., quantifying in dollars and cents3. Keeping a chronological diary of measured events (the
general journal)
4. Classifying and summarizing the measured events
(posting to the general ledger)5. Preparing and distributing accounting reports
6. Analyzing and explaining the uses, meaning, andlimitations of the reported information
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Summary Part 2
The Accounting Equation (Assets = Liabilities + Net
Assets) must be in balance at all times The traditional accounting books are the General
Journal and the General Ledger
In order to work with the elements of the Accounting
Equation (assets, liabilities, net assets, revenues,expenses), you must know how they are defined
Debits and credits make it possible to handle largeamounts of transactional data in a timely manner
Data in a General Ledger is not useful. Reports arenecessary to transform the data into accountinginformation that can be communicated to decisionmakers
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Looking Ahead Parts 3 and 4
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Looking Ahead Parts 3 and 4
There are still two more on-line sections to go in this course:
Part 3 will discuss the different types of funds used by theUniversity, the reasons behind fund accounting, and whathappens when two funds interact
Part 4 will discuss UC Berkeleys financial statements,how they are developed, and how they impact those ofthe University of California as a whole
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Questions?
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Questions?
For questions about the Basic Accounting for the UC
Berkeley Financial Environment course content, pleasecontact:
Barbara VanCleave Smith, Director of Controls,Accountability and Risk Management
Controllers OfficeEmail: [email protected]
Phone: (510) 643-4171
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FMCP Program Credit
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FMCP Program Credit
The Financial Management Certificate Program (FMCP)curriculum includes this online course
REMEMBER: In order to get full FMCP credit for thiscourse you must take and pass the online quiz, Basic
Accounting for the UC Berkeley Financial Environment,Part 2: The Accounting Equation
You can access this quiz through the UC Learning Center
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Course History
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Course History
Course History Course created: Aug 2007
Course published to UC Learning Center: Spring 2009
Web links updated: Nov 2009
Copyright 2010 UC Regents