Baroque Era – defined by a Baroque Era – defined by a music periodmusic period

1600-17501600-17501600 – year of the first opera 1600 – year of the first opera

productionproduction1750 – year of the death of Bach1750 – year of the death of Bach

BaroqueBaroque

The term baroque was not a complement – it originally The term baroque was not a complement – it originally meant overdone – too many notes in music, too much color meant overdone – too many notes in music, too much color in painting, and too grand in architecture.in painting, and too grand in architecture.

It has come to include the following definitions:It has come to include the following definitions:– Marked by elaborate ornamentationMarked by elaborate ornamentation– Aims to create a dramatic effectAims to create a dramatic effect– Appealing to the spirit through the sensesAppealing to the spirit through the senses– Enlarged spaceEnlarged space– Heightened sensuality combined with spiritualityHeightened sensuality combined with spirituality– Naturalistic rather than ideal, emotional rather than rationalNaturalistic rather than ideal, emotional rather than rational– Conflict, paradox and contrast, heightened spirituality, lively Conflict, paradox and contrast, heightened spirituality, lively

sensualitysensuality– Ornate Ornate

Baroque ArchitectureBaroque Architecture

More Bernini – Beautiful Bodies and More Bernini – Beautiful Bodies and Beautiful MovementBeautiful Movement

How does this David compare with the others?

The Calling of Saint MatthewThe Calling of Saint Matthew1599-1600 1599-1600

The Crucifixion of Saint PeterThe Crucifixion of Saint Peter

Rubens is a name to know – “fleshy” Rubens is a name to know – “fleshy” subjects – especially women!)subjects – especially women!)

Jan Vermeer – Another master of Jan Vermeer – Another master of light!!!light!!!

Scientific DiscoveriesScientific Discoveries

People were beginning to trust their own People were beginning to trust their own mindsminds

Scientists such as Galileo and Newton were Scientists such as Galileo and Newton were unlocking the secrets of the universeunlocking the secrets of the universe

Telescope Telescope MicroscopeMicroscope

Changes in musicChanges in music

Instruments gained a place of their own Instruments gained a place of their own in sacred music as well as secular in sacred music as well as secular musicmusic

Solo styles is introducedSolo styles is introduced Sacred music was composed in a more Sacred music was composed in a more

secular stylesecular style

1111

Elements of OperaElements of Opera A drama sung to orchestral accompaniment.A drama sung to orchestral accompaniment. One of the foremost innovations of the era because it One of the foremost innovations of the era because it

allowed the realism of extreme emotions.allowed the realism of extreme emotions. Fusion of music, poetry, acting, dance, scenery, costumesFusion of music, poetry, acting, dance, scenery, costumes

—that offers a theatrical experience. (chorus and extras)—that offers a theatrical experience. (chorus and extras) Originated in Italy.Originated in Italy. Characters and plot are revealed through song—rather Characters and plot are revealed through song—rather

than the speech used in ordinary drama.than the speech used in ordinary drama. Performers have to sing and act simultaneouslyPerformers have to sing and act simultaneously Created by composer and dramatist.Created by composer and dramatist. Libretto is the text, written by the librettist or dramatist.Libretto is the text, written by the librettist or dramatist. Music is created by the composer.Music is created by the composer.

Dr. BattersbyDr. Battersby 1212

OratorioOratorio

Large-scale composition for chorus, orchestra, vocal Large-scale composition for chorus, orchestra, vocal soloists; usually set to a narrative text.soloists; usually set to a narrative text.

Different from opera in that it has no scenery, costumes, or Different from opera in that it has no scenery, costumes, or acting.acting.

Based on biblical stories but usually not intended for Based on biblical stories but usually not intended for religious services.religious services.

Today they are performed in concert halls or churches. Today they are performed in concert halls or churches. First appeared in 17First appeared in 17thth century Italy as musical century Italy as musical dramatizations of biblical stories. dramatizations of biblical stories.

During this period it spread to other countriesDuring this period it spread to other countries Most famous, best known, and best loved Oratorio—is Most famous, best known, and best loved Oratorio—is

Handel’s Messiah.Handel’s Messiah.

Church CantataChurch Cantata

Consists of solos, recitatives, duets and Consists of solos, recitatives, duets and choruses interspersed with instrumental choruses interspersed with instrumental interludesinterludes

Flourished in Germany as part of the service Flourished in Germany as part of the service of the Lutheran Churchof the Lutheran Church

Written by J.S. BachWritten by J.S. Bach

Famous ComposersFamous Composers

George Frideric HandelGeorge Frideric Handel

Born in Germany, Born in Germany, studied music in studied music in Italy, and lived Italy, and lived mainly in Englandmainly in England

Best known for his Best known for his vocal worksvocal works

Went blind late in Went blind late in his life.his life.

Johann Sebastian BachJohann Sebastian Bach

Member of a large Member of a large musical familymusical family

Favorite instrument Favorite instrument was the organwas the organ

His death in 1750 His death in 1750 marked the end of marked the end of the Baroque Period the Baroque Period in musicin music

Claudio MonteverdiClaudio Monteverdi

Regarded as an Regarded as an important composer important composer of the opera of the opera

wrote one of the earliest operas, L'Orfeo,

Antonio CestiAntonio CestiItalian composer of the Italian composer of the

Baroque periodBaroque periodmost celebrated of his

operas were La Dori (Venice, 1663), Il pomo d'oro (Vienna, 1668) and Orontea (1656). Il pomo d'oro (The Golden Apple) was performed for the wedding of Emperor Leopold I.

Pointers for ReviewPointers for Review

I.I. Middle AgesMiddle Ages- Different periods in the middle agesDifferent periods in the middle ages- Gregorian ChantGregorian Chant- ComposersComposers- Musical formsMusical forms

II. RenaissanceII. Renaissance

-Vocal forms – Choir (classification of voice)Vocal forms – Choir (classification of voice)

- Mass (Ordinary and Proper)Mass (Ordinary and Proper)

- MotetMotet

- FrotollaFrotolla

- MadrigalMadrigal

- Instrumental Forms- Instrumental Forms

-Composers and compositions-Composers and compositions

III. Baroque PeriodIII. Baroque Period

A.A.Vocal FormsVocal Forms

- The OperaThe Opera

- OratorioOratorio

- Church CantataChurch Cantata

B. Instrumental FormsB. Instrumental Forms

- Sonata- Sonata

- Concerto Grosso- Concerto Grosso

- Basso Continuo- Basso Continuo

TimelineTimeline

- Significant Historical EventsSignificant Historical Events

- Changes in musical styleChanges in musical style

- ComposersComposers

- CompositionsCompositions

- Vocal FormsVocal Forms

- Instrumental FormsInstrumental Forms