Lecture IIIAr. Akanchha Jain

From the end of 16th century until 1750.Geography: whole Europe+ America.Characteristics of the period:

Religious and political conflictsGeographical colonizatinScientific developmentNew astrological discoveries Sun is a centre of Universe

The word means imperfectionNew naturalism that reflects the scientific advancesTaste for dramatic action and emotion:Colour and light contrastedRich texturesAsymmetrical spacesDiagonal plansNew subjects: landscape, still-life

Variety within the styleArt at the service of powerTwo main centres:Rome: Popes authorityFrance: powerful monarchy

Long narrow naves replaced by broader or circular forms

Dramatic use of light

Dramatic use of light

Large-scale ceiling frescoes

Large-scale ceiling frescoes

Interior a shell for painting and sculpture

They evolved from the Renaissance forms

Movement toward grand structures with flowing, curving shapes

Landscape was frequently incorporated

New elements as gardens, squares , courtyards and fountains.

Influence of the rebuilding of Saint Peter, in which classical forms integrated with the city.

MadernoHe made the Vaticanos faadeHis work destroyed partially Michelangelos designHis work combined the dome with the creation of an space where the Pope could appear publicalyOther works:Santa maria della VittoriaPalazzo Barberini

Vaticanos faadeSanta Maria della VittoriaPalazzo Barberini

LonghenaHe worked mainly in VeniceHis design was selected for building Santa Maria della SaluteIt is building of central plan with a great dome that became the symbol of Venice.

Ca Rezzonico Santa Maria of NazaretSanta Maria della Salute

BerniniHe created a fusion of architecture, painting and sculptureHe used false perspective and trompe-l oeil to impactHe used a palace faade that became a model with massive pilasters above a rusticated base.Works:Saint Peters squareBaldaquin

San Peters colomnade San Peter Baldaquine

BorrominiHis works spring from the contrast between convention and freedomHe used tradition as a basis, but not as a lawWorks:San Carlo alle Quattro FontaneSan Carlo BorromeoOratorio degli Fillipenses

San Carlo alle quattro fontaneSan Ivos dome

Oratorio degli FilipensiPalacio Spada (trompe loeil)Stairs

It was elegant, ordered, rational and restraidedIt is a rectilinear model, closer to classicismIt aimed at showing the power of Louis XIV monarchy.The main works are:Louvre: Le Vau and PerraultVersailles: Le Brun, Le Vau, Le Notre

Louvre palace

Versailles palace

It began later due to the Thirty Years WarAustria developed the Imperial style with Fischer von Erlach and HildebrandtIn Germany, in the Catholic South Jesuit models were followed while in the Protestant North works were less importantPalace architecture was important in the whole area

Fisher von Erlach: Karlskirtche and SchnbrunnHildebrandt: Belvedere palace

Baroque was the style used to design town planningIn Russia it is very decorative, in quite traditional churches sometimes made of brick; later it was imported from the Low Countries and finally it became an extravagant art.

Wren: San PaulWren: Cambridge Emmanuel chapelCambridge library

Jose Benito Churriguera: Salamancas San Esteban convent altarpieceAlberto Churriguera: Salamancas main square

In French, the wordrocaillerefers to rocks, shells, and the shell-shaped ornaments used on fountains. It developped mainly at the end of 1720a highly ornamental style of art, furniture, and interior designIt was used in other countries as a French Style

Features of Rococo Architecture include:

Elaborate curves and scrollsOrnaments shaped like shells and plantscomplex patternsDelicate detailsComplex, asymmetrical shapesLight, pastel colors

Rococo Interior: Wies Church in Bavaria

the interior was decorated with frescoes and with stuccowork in the tradition of theWessobrunner School.

Queluz Palace fountainsRococo style started out in the decorative arts and architecture. Furniture and facades became sensational, and interiors and costumes are decorated with shells, frills, gold leaf and ribbons.

Warszawa

Palais Catherine