barley strategy 10th ibgs valkoun april08

8/4/2019 Barley Strategy 10th IBGS Valkoun April08

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Global Strategy for the ex situConservation and Use of BarleyGermplasm

10th IBGS Alexandria, Egypt, April 2008

ICARDA


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Global Initiatives on PGR

1983International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources forFood and Agriculture, adhered to by more than 100 countries

1996Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and SustainableUtilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

adopted by representatives of more than 150 countries

2003 entry into force of the International Treaty on Plant GeneticResources for Food and Agriculture, ratified by more than 100countries

2004 - Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT), an endowment fund,established. Recognized as an essential element of the FundingStrategy of the International Treaty in relation to the ex situconservation and availability of PGRFA


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GCDT Conservation Strategies

1. To define the most efficient and effective approach for conservation atthe global crop level and at the regional level

2. To guide the Trust in setting funding priorities

Process:

Involves collection holders and other stakeholders through networksand other associations

Is facilitated by experts in consultation with stakeholders

Gathers existing information on collections and is supplemented withsurveys and consultations

Is backed-up from the Trust Secretariat, the CGIAR centres and FAO

Crop and regional strategies 2 complementary approaches


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Global Barley Conservation Strategy

Identify the most important collections of barley (coveringthe existing genetic diversity)

Determine collectively a global model for collaboration andsharing of responsibilities

Assess priorities for upgrading and capacity building, ifneeded

Identifies collections to receive conservation support overthe long term


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Reference or key collections

Collections on which the world depends:

Substantial size and diversity

Generally international or regional in coverage

Secure - managed to international standards -

and in general adequately funded

Readily available on request under terms ofInternational Treaty on PGRFA


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Other collections to be identified:

Collections that are important (size,

diversity, uniqueness etc.) and justify

support from the Trust to assist withconservation and distribution

Collections that, while of less significance in

the context of the total global genepool,nevertheless contain important accessionsthat could usefully be duplicated in areference collection


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Preparation of the Barley Strategy1. Lists of collections and other data assembled from sources such

as:

Global Inventory of Barley Genetic Resources FAO-WIEWS ECP/GR - EURISCO National/Institute Databases on internet

2. Regional strategies completed by end 2006. Reports available for

WANA, Asia/Pacific (SSEE Asia), E. Africa and Latin America

3. In May 2067, more than 60 collection holders were invited tocontribute to an on-line survey. In total 25 responses received

4. Workshop in Tunis, 4-6 September 2007, entitled: GlobalCollaborative Ex situConservation Strategy for Barley

5. Follow-up with workshop participants and others to gatheradditional information

6. Development of the final strategy document


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Other elements to be included in thestrategy

Identification of other potential partners to be involved, e.g. in storage,

characterization, evaluation, data management, training etc.

Identification of major gaps in the global genepool coverage and strategies

to fill them

A scheme for safety duplication

Mechanisms for promoting links to users

Effective, cross-searchable data and information management systems

Training needs

Any major constraints to conservation and distribution

Coordination mechanisms (e.g. networking) and leadership

The next steps foreseen in further developing the strategy and its

implementation


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Tunis workshop participation

Countries:

Michael Mackay (AUS), Edson Iorczewski (BRA), Bryan Harvey (CAN),Jaroslav punar (CZE), Adugna Woldesemayat (ETH), Helmut Knpffer(DEU), Javad Mozafari (IRN), Kazuhiro Sato (JPN), Hassan Ouabou(MAR), Luz Gmez (PER), Olga Kovaleva (RUS), Roland von Bothmer

(SWE), Abdelhakim Issaoui (TUN), Mouldi Elfelah (TUN), MichaelAmbrose (GBR), Harold Bockelman (USA)

Organizations:

Global Crop Diversity Trust Brigitte Lalibert, Britta SkagerfltICARDA - Jan Konopka, Stefania Grando, Mohammed El Mourid, JanValkoun (consultant)

CIMMYT Thomas Payne

Unable to attend: Vince Logan (GRDC - AUS), Richard St-Pierre (CAN),Zhang Jing (CHN), Viktor Shevtsov (RUS), George Ayad (Bioversity)


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The barley genetic resources

1. Modern cultivars in current use

2. Obsolete cultivars, often the elitecultivars of the past

3. Landraces

4. Wild relatives in the genus Hordeum

5. Genetic and cytogenetic stocks6. Breeding lines


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WILD HORDEUM SPECIES

Tunis 2007 b courtes of R. von Bothmer


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CAN004; 39,852

USA005; 29,838

BRA003; 29,227

SYR002 - ICARDA; 26,117

GBR011; 23,603

DEU146; 22,106

CHN001; 18,818

KOR003 ; 18,764RUS001; 17,850

ETH001; 15,350

JPN009; 14,104

SWE002; 13,435

AUS003; 12,600

Other; 120,360

Current status

Size of collections 402,034 total


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0%

10%20%

30%

40%

50%

60%70%

80%

90%

100%

CAN0

04

USA005

ICARDA

GBR0

11

DEU1

46

CHN0

01

KOR0

03

RUS001

ETH0

01

JPN0

09

S

WE0

02

AUS003

Other

Landraces

Wild relatives

Barley collections: content


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Wild relatives;

43588; 11%

Landraces; 128870;

32%

Breeding material;

49059; 12%

Genetic stocks;

25300; 6%

Cultivars; 44003;

11%

Unknow n status;111214; 28%

Global barley holdings: content


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Overview of barley collections

485,000 accessions FAO,1996

371,000 accessions Hintum andMenting, 2003

326,000 H. vulgaresubsp. vulgare

37,000 H. vulgaresubsp. spontaneum

1,400 H. bulbosum

6,600 wild Hordeumspecies of the tertiarygenepool


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Landrace major collections

Country Genebank code No. of acces.

ICARDA SYR002 15,496

China CHN001 15,472

Ethiopia ETH001 15,301

Canada CAN004 14,074USA USA005 13,106

Germany DEU146 12,482

Japan JPN009 10,588

Russia RUS001 5,132

Korea, Rep. of KOR003 4,487

United Kingdom GBR011 3,722

Morocco MAR003 3,522


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Genetic stocks major collections


Sweden SWE002 10,024

Canada CAN004 6,011

USA USA005 3,203

Japan JPN009 2,890


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Cultivar major collections


Russia RUS001 9,652

Germany DEU146 5,172

Canada CAN004 5,064

USA USA005 4,394

United Kingdom GBR011 2,739

Poland POL003 2,404

ICARDA SYR002 2,277

Czech Rep. CZE047 2,161


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Regeneration needsFirst priority to be given to wild species and geneticstocks wild species to be differentiated between secondary

and tertiary gene pool

Major collections, such as PGRC Canada, USDA,ICARDA and IPK Germany are in good shape andgermplasm availability is high for all the categories

Urgent regeneration needs:

Eritrea Ethiopia Mongolia Iran

Peru (for long-term storage)


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Safety duplication

Prioritization:

Priority 1 wild relatives landraces

genetic stocks

Priority 2

cultivars

Priority 3 breeding material

Suggestions:

Formal agreement in long-termstorageInclude information on safety

duplication in the Global BarleyRegisterICARDA facilities could beused for hosting safetyduplicatesSecond level of safety

duplication is highly desirable.Svalbard Global Seed Vaultfacilities would be mostappropriate for the secondlevel safety net


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Number of samples distributed

Institute code Nationally Internationally Total

USA005 5000 3000 8000

ICARDA 2800 2600 5400

DEU146 1700 2300 4000

AUS003 3300 200 3500

RUS001 3000 400 3400

JPN001 1300 400 1700

CZE047 1200 300 1500

SWE002 300 500 800

Strengthening links to the users and increasing effectiveness of the

collections is a priority in the global strategy for barley


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Information and data management systems

Individual genebanks

Passport information is computerized in most of the collections;availability of characterization/evaluation data electronically is lower.Many accessible via internet.

Global, regional and specialized systems

have been developed to link different sources of locally curateddata:

CGIAR SINGER Global Inventory of Barley Genetic Resources (GIBGR

International Barley Information System (IBIS) EURISCO (European PGR catalogue) European Barley Database (EBDB)

Database on Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks (BGS)


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Documentation held electronically

Institute code Passport data Char./eval. data Web acces.

CAN004 100% 100% Yes

USA005 100% 100% Yes

BRA003 100% Yes

ICARDA 100% 100% Yes

GBR011 100% 100% Yes

DEU146 100% 100% Yes

CHN001 100% 100% Yes

KOR003 100% 80% Yes

RUS001 100% 10% Yes

ETH001 100% 50% Yes

JPN009 60% 50% Yes

SWE002 100% 20% Yes

AUS003 100% 80% Yes


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Information management recommendations

Researchers and breeders will require, first of all, evaluation data

Need to strengthen capacity of National Programs in documentationDevelopment of crop portal is suggestedEvaluate GBIF approach or other technological options foraccessing data in collectionsRevision of multi-crop passport descriptors (MCPD) should beconsidered

Geo-referencing encouraged, important mainly for wild material andlandracesSet-specific variables/descriptors may be required, e.g. for geneticstocksCGIAR GPG2 project on Crop Registers has started. All collectionsshould become data providers for Barley Register.

Step 1 ICARDA will develop the first versionStep 2 Advisory Group should guide the development of systemThe group: Mike Ambrose, Roland von Bothmer, Stefania Grando,Bryan Harvey, Helmut Knuepffer, Jan Konopka, Hassan Ouabou,Thomas Payne


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Gaps and threats

H. vulgaresubsp. spontaneum and other wild relativesare endangered, because of habitat lost by overgrazing,changes in land use and other negative human-inducedactivities.

Landraces are gradually replaced with improvedgermplasm, but they are still grown in in low-inputfarming systems in marginal and stress-affected areas.

To assess accurately the gaps in the ex situcollections,it first necessary to complete geo-referencing of existing

collections as much as possible and map the collectionsites on the distribution area of natural populations ofwild relatives and landrace-growing regions


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Networks relevant to barley GRNetworks

Regional networks, Barley Core Collection, Generation Challenge

Program (GCP), information networks

Global Barley Strategy for collaboration to be strengthened:

evaluation networks using common set of germplasm (e.g. based onBCC)

molecular characterization/genomics diversity analysis / mapping

climate modeling

Suggestion/recommendation 1: GCDT could play a valuable role at theinstitutional or ministerial level to help individuals participation in meeting

and expert panels to put a Trust mark on the individuals and networksSuggestion/recommendation 2: That the Barley Genetic ResourcesCommittee of the International Barley Genetic Symposium be re-established

To facilitate regular meetings and to maintain momentum in completing theoverview of global resources, coordination is crucial. This might be a task ofGCDT or the Governing body of ITPGRFA.


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Barley Core Collection

Subset Accessions Present situation

Ethiopia / Eritrea - not solved cooperation with Ethiopia necessary

West Asia, NorthAfrica

285 available from ICARDA

South and East Asia 380 available from RIB

Europe 298 available from IPK

Americas 152 available from USDA

Oceania 11 available from Tamworth Australian barleys only

H. spontaneum 70+144 two candidate sets original ssd material & newly

selected set of populations, available from Alnarp& ICARDA

Other wild species 48 available from Alnarp, multiplication often difficult,partly IPK

Genetic stocks &reference material

- coordinators selected BCC candidates, availablefrom USDA


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Policy issues

Barley is included within the multilateral systemfor access and benefit-sharing under theITPGRFA, listed in the annex 1 of the Treaty.

Countries that are parties to the Treaty have anobligation to help facilitate their collections ofbarley genetic resources available under theterms specified in the Treaty.

Most countries represented in the survey areparties to the Treaty and 9 countries out of the39 have yet to ratify.


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Capacity building

The following priority activities were proposed: Training of staff in general PGR conservation Regional workshop for database managers Genebanks visits and on site training

Training of trainers in documentation Strategies for conservation of wild material andgenetic stocks

Training in molecular genetics and taxonomy Sequence between activities and timing issuesMost training and capacity building activities are non-crop-specific and possibly also useful for other crop andregional strategies


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Strategic approach to conserving thebarley gene pool

Key collections may be a basis of a global network providing diversityto international community of users

Criteria:

structure size, scope, uniqueness

quality - documentation, facilities, resources access accessibility, availability

Category:

A high on all 3 groups of criteria - secured and well resourced Bhigh on 2 out of 3 groups - significant but may need capacity

building

C more information is needed


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Country GB code Total no. ofaccessions

Category

A/B/C

United States USA005 29838 A

Germany DEU146 22106 A

Canada CAN004 39738 AICARDA SYR002 26117 A

Sweden SWE002 13435 A

Japan JPN009 14106 A

United Kingdom GBR011 9903 A

Australia AUS003 12600 A

Japan JPN003 8806 A

CIMMYT MEX002 14528 A

Netherlands NLD037 3507 A

France FRA040 5517 A

Czech Republic CZE047 2705 A

Switzerland CHE001 795 A

Korea, Rep. of KOR003 18296 A

Spain ESP004 2421 A

Czech Republic CZE122 1865 A

Poland POL003 5942 A

Hungary HUN003 4208 A

Austria AUT001 747 A

Slovakia SVK001 2047 A

Key collections category A

Total holdings A:

ca. 240,000 acces.21 genebanks


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Country GB code Total no. ofaccessions

Category

A/B/C

Russia RUS001 17850 B

Brazil BRA003 29227 B

Iran IRN029 7600 B

Ethiopia ETH001 15360 B

Brazil BRA015 3360 B

Turkey TUR001 1208 B

Morocco MAR003 3743 B

Peru 2759 B

Category BTotal holdings B: ca. 81,000 accessions held at 8 genebanks

Category C:Total holdings 71,000 acces. at 20 genebanksAdditional collections: 8 countries


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Next stepsThe Tunis meeting suggested the following steps in theimplementation of the Global Strategy for Barley:

Final version of the Strategy to be circulated to the:

Barley Newsletter

Barley Genetics Newsletter

Grain GenesOpportunities to present the Strategy:

International Barley Genetics Symposium, April 2008,Alexandria, Egypt

ECPGR Cereal Network meeting, April 2008, Izmir, Turkey

Barley genetics meetings (regional and national)

Advisory Group and implementation of the Strategy

The Global Barley Conservation Strategy Advisory Group isconstituted of the participants of the Tunis meeting


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Advisory Group (AG) and theimplementation of the Strategy

AG would be responsible for reviewing periodically the Strategy assessingits implementation, identifying threatened collections and orphan collections

AG could present updated reports to the International Barley GeneticsSymposium

A letter should be send to the IBGS International Committee from the Trust(Cary Fowler) requesting to: Re-establish the barley germplasm committee Consider questions raised in the strategy Play a facilitating role

It was proposed that the Trust endorses this group to facilitate institutionalcommitment in its participation

Funding be sought to hold AG meetings and the Trust assistance wasrequested

It was proposed that ICARDA act as a clearing mechanism and the contactorganization. It was therefore proposed that the Trust (Cary Fowler) sends aletter to ICARDAs DG.


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Acknowledgments

Valuable contribution to the Global Barley Strategydevelopment of many involved is gratefully acknowledged.

Thanks are particularly due to:

Genebank managers or barley collection curators whoresponded to the Questionnaire

Participants of the Tunis meeting

Global Crop Diversity Trust

ICARDA (Jan Konopka, Stefania Grando and others)


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Thank you

barley strategy 10th ibgs valkoun april08

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