1

CO2 Capture Technology

RECS - Birmingham, AL, 13th June 2011

Barath Baburao CCS R & D, Alstom Power, Knoxville

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

02468101214161820

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

CO2 reduction options from Power generation

CCS required just to stabilize emissions by 2030 Source: IEA WEO 2009

Electricity-related CO2 emissions

GT CO2

Efficiency improvement

CCS

Reference scenario

Demand reduction

Renewables Nuclear

450 ppm / +2°C max Needed path:Scientific community Target

Supply-side options

CCS an important mitigation solution 1.4GT CO2 avoided through CCS in 2030

2

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Addressing the Climate Change Challenge - PJ - 02 Sep 2010 - P 2

Life Cycle

Management

Introduction to Alstom Power: Technologies adapted to all energy sources

Gas Hydro

Geothermal Solar Biomass

Oil

Coal Nuclear

(Conv. Island)

Wind

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

• CCS-Ready

• Conclusion and Discussion

• CO2 capture technology

Agenda

• Continuous Evolution in Cleaner Fossil Power

3

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Alstom’s 3 Pillar Strategy to stabilize CO2 emissions

Stabilising Power Emissions is possible …… With solutions that are available today

1. Balanced Portfolio

• Balancing the generation portfolio by significantly increasing the share of CO2 free technology

2. Production Efficiency and Energy Management (Smart

Power)

• Efficiency is a key to emissions reduction

3. Carbon Capture and Storage

• With 60% of the installed base in 2030 being fossil fuels, CCS is a must

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

• CCS-Ready

• Conclusion and Discussion

• CO2 capture technology

Agenda

• Continuous Evolution in Cleaner Fossil Power

4

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

CCS Technologies developed by Alstom

CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom

Post-combustion Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)

•  Chilled Ammonia

•  Advanced Amines

•  Oxy combustion with Air Separation Unit

•  Chemical Looping Combustion

CCS Technology must be applied to both new and existing units

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Total Lacq France - 30 MWth

Oxy - Gas

Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - 30 MWth

Oxy - Lignite

Vattenfall Jänschwalde Germany - 250 MWe

Oxy - Lignite

Dow Chemical Co. USA, West Virginia

Advanced Amines - Coal

AEP Mountaineer USA - 58 MWth

Chilled Ammonia - Coal

Under Construction

TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth

Chilled Ammonia - Gas

Transalta Canada - >200 MWe

Post - Coal

Alstom BSF Windsor US - 15 MWth Oxy - Coals

Getica - CET Turceni Romania – >250MWe

Chilled Ammonia - Lignite Selected by Alberta and Federal Canadian funding

Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding

EDF – Le Havre France – 5 MWth Adv.

Amines - Coal

PGE Belchatow Poland – 260 MWe Adv.

Amines - Lignite

Pre-commercial Projects

AEP Mountaineer USA – 235MWe

Chilled Ammonia - Coal

RFCS EU - Darmstad Germany – 1 MWth

Chemical looping - Coal

DOE/Alstom Windsor US – 3 MWth

Chemical looping - Coal

Drax - Selby UK - 426 MWe

Oxy – Hard Coal 2 Gen

NER300

Operating 2 Gen

NER300

NER300

NER300

Selected for receiving EEPR funding NER300 Applied for

funding

Alstom activity on demonstrations 1st and 2nd Generation CCS

5

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Advanced Amine Process (AAP)

A promising evolution!

•  Proven in natural gas & syngas purification •  Carbon capture from flue gas is a new application with new challenges •  More efficient capture of CO2

•  Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants •  Lower solvent degradation rates

Key features AAP

Principle •  Flue gas treated with aqueous amine solution, which reacts with CO2

•  Raising temperature reverses the above step – releasing CO2 and recycling the solution for re-use

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Advanced Amine CO2 Capture

6

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Moving forward to scale-up the technology

Pilot Commercial Industrial / Validation Large-scale demonstration

Univ. of Texas

2007 2009 2011

Advanced Amine Process Development Alstom Roadmap

Dow Chemical Co. USA - 2MWth, Coal

EdF Le Havre France - 5 MWth, Coal

PGE Belchatow Poland - 260 MWe, Lignite

Selected for receiving EEPR funding

Complete

Coming

In operation

In construction

2014-2015

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Charleston - field pilot - USA WV - Dow

•  Designed to capture 1,800 t CO2/year

•  Installation on commercially operating coal-fired boiler

•  Project schedule

- Commissioning in August 09

- Testing started in September 09

- Conversion to advanced configuration in early 2010 to test proprietary process flow scheme jointly developed by Dow and Alstom

•  Testing continues in 2011 Advanced Amine Field Pilot Charleston, West Virginia

Advanced Amine Process Field Pilot - Charleston

7

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

C2A2 - field pilot - Le Havre - France

•  Designed to capture 25 tCO2/ day

•  Advanced flow scheme & operation validation

•  Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EDF host facility)

•  Project partners: EDF and Alstom. Alstom has a partnership with Dow

•  Project schedule

-  Overall 2010-2013 program

-  Test from Q2 12 to Q1 13 (one year)

•  No storage

•  French funding by ADEME

EDF 600 MWe coal power plant (field pilot represented in

orange)

Advanced Amine Process: Field Pilot - Le Havre

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Principle •  Cooled flue gas is treated with

ammonium carbonate in solution, which reacts with CO2 to form ammonium bicarbonate

•  Raising the temperatures reverses the above reactions – releasing pressurized CO2

Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP)

Advantages •  Energy-efficient capture of CO2 •  High CO2 purity •  Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities •  Stable reagent, no degradation possible,

no emission of trace contaminants •  Low-cost, globally available reagent

Source: Alstom

A new technology with high potential !

Source: Alstom

8

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tests successful

Roadmap to commercialization

Test Rigs Validation Pilots

Commercial by 2015

Industrial Pilots

Large-scale demonstration

Alstom Vaxjö Sweden 0.25 MWth

We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - 5 MWth, Coal

EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil

AEP Mountaineer USA - 58 MWth, Coal

TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth, Gas

AEP Mountaineer US - >200 MWe, Coal

Turceni Feasability Romania - >200 MWe, Lignite

2015 2006 2008 2009

Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding

Tests completed Targeted In operation Under construction

Chilled Ammonia Process Development Technology scale-up road map

New

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Mountaineer - Validation pilot - USA WV - AEP

•  Designed to capture & store 100,000 tCO2/year

•  Captured CO2 sequestered into two wells on the plant property

•  Commenced engineering and permitting Oct 07

•  First CO2 captured in Sept 2009, injection started October 1, 2009

•  AEP and Alstom working to develop commercial scale project (CSP) to capture 1.5 MTPY at Mountaineer facility

•  Plant availability raised to 85/90% since early Jan 2011

•  CO2 captured and injected near design values

Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP’s Mountaineer Plant

Chilled Ammonia Process: Validation pilot - Mountaineer

9

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Oxy-Combustion Process

A sound technological option

Principle •  Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to absence of

Nitrogen, resulting flue gas is enriched in CO2 •  After water condensing and purification, CO2 compressed and sent for storage or

re-use. Advantages •  Reliability: main components exist, only

adaptation to power gen and scale-up •  All types of boilers / firing systems

adaptable to oxy to cover complete fuel range

•  Rapid scale-up to large size (1,000 MWe range) possible after large demos.

•  Retrofit in Oxy can be addressed •  High efficiency and competitiveness of

supercritical/ultra-supercritical cycles and large unit size will be key benefits

•  Large panel of entities involved in development, contributing to reaching solid consensus.

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Moving forward to scale-up the technology

Lab Scale Commercial Pilots Large-scale demonstration

2014-2015 2004 2009

Oxy-Combustion Process Development Alstom Roadmap

Selected for receiving EEPR funding Tests completed Coming In operation In construction

Up to 500 kWth Germany (U. Stuttgart, U. Cottbus, U. Hamburg-Harburg, U. Dresden)

Alstom Boiler Simulation Facility USA - 15 MWth, TF- Coals

2008

300 – 600 MWth Oxyfuel Coal e.g. Alstom‘s Feasibility Study for Vattenfall Jänschwalde

Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - 30 MWth, Lignite & Bit. Coal

Total Lacq France - 30 MWth, Natural Gas

10

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Objective •  Investigation and Demonstration of the complete

technology path for CO2 separation in pilot scale as basis for realisation of a demonstration plant

Alstom-Scope •  Technology Partnership with Vattenfall to advance

the Oxyfuel-Technology Status of Operations •  Start of operation in September 2008 •  Total operation hours 6,400 hours (2,500h air,

4,000h oxyfuel) •  Captured CO2 ~3,200 tons •  Test phases with Alstom Burners (Design A+B) and

lignite finished Next Steps •  Re-install burners •  Tests with pre-dried lignite Dec 2010-Apr 2011

Oxy-Combustion Process Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Pilot Plant

• UPDATE

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Chemical Looping Process Next Generation Capture Technology

A Promising Breakthrough Technology

Principle

•  Solid oxygen carrier circulates between Air Reactor and Fuel Reactor: Carrier picks up O2 in Air Reactor, leaves N2 behind and burns the fuel in the Fuel Reactor

•  Oxygen Carriers can be metal oxide or limestone-based. Alstom is developing both types Advantages •  Avoids large costs and

parasitic power of ASU •  Captures CO2 at

temperatures higher than power cycle temperatures, eliminating thermodynamic penalty associated with CO2 capture

•  Uses conventional material of construction and fabrication techniques

•  Largely based on proven CFB technology

11

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

• CCS-Ready

• Conclusion and Discussion

• CO2 capture technology

Agenda

• Continuous Evolution in Cleaner Fossil Power

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

What is CCS Readiness?

12

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

• CCS-Ready

• Conclusion and Discussion

• CO2 capture technology

Agenda

• Continuous Evolution in Cleaner Fossil Power

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Conclusions

• A portfolio approach is needed: Renewables, Nuclear, Efficiency and CCS.

• Retrofitable CCS technologies are a must to have: Post and Oxy-combustion

• Alstom is currently developing CO2 capture technologies and is on the good path to go commercial by 2015. A dedicated business unit has been created to support this effort.

• CCS-Ready: Alstom has both expertise and partnership to support on the entire CCS chain

• Clear a stable business framework and regulations are needed for CCS to play its role along all other forms of decarbonised energy sources.

Alstom will be a key partner on the CCS value chain

13

© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.