•Bar code and•RFID technology

Group members:

•Faizan Kiani•Abdul Basit •Samson Rafiq•Waleed Saleem

What is barcode?

Introduction

• A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of certain data, which shows certain data on certain product originally.

How barcode represent data?

• Barcode represent data in the widths (lines) and the spacing of parallel lines, and referred to as liner or 1D(1 dimensional) barcode and also referred 2D(2 dimensional) barcode or symbologies.

HISTORY

• The first barcode was developed in 1948 by two graduate students at Drexel is Institute of tecnology,bernard silver and Norman Joseph woodland. They filed for a us patent in October 1949 and it was grated in 1952.

First use of barcode

• The first use of barcode was to label railroad cars. but they were not commercially successful until they were used to automate checkout system, a task in which they have become almost universal.

How barcode can read?

• Barcode can read by its reader or scanners.

Barcode Reader

• Barcode reader is used to read barcode it tells us the original data.Barecode reader are built from a fixed light and a single photosensor that is manually “scurebbed”across the barcode.

How barcode reader works?• Barcode reader use a photosensor (A type

of sensor that detects the presence of an object through the use of a beam of light) to convert the barcode into an electrical signal as it moves across a barcode

• The scanner then measure the relative widths of bars and spacing,translates the different patterns back into regular characters and sends them on to as computer or portable terminal.

Types of barcodeThere are many types but here we

discuss few of them

• UPC• Code 39• Code 93• Code 128• 2D code

UPC

• Continues data

• Many bar widths

• Worldwide retail use

Code 39• Discrete data

• Two bar widths

• Various uses

Code 93/128• Both

continues data

• Many bar widths

• Various uses

2D

• 2D also called matrix code

• Wikipedia URl uses

• Matrix form

USES• On grocery store products• Department store• Mass merchandiser (uses upc)• Barcode are widely used in

shop floor control applications software where employees can scan work orders and enter the time spent on a job.

Benefits• Fast-selling items can be identified

quickly and automatically reordered to meet consumer demand.

• Slow-selling items can be identified, prevention a build-up of unwanted stock.

• The effects of repositioning a given product within a store can be monitored allowing fast-moving more profitable items to occupy the best space.

• Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations very accurately.

• Items may be repriced shelf to reflect both sale prices and price increases.--------------------------------------------

References•

^ Fishman, Charles (August 1, 2001). "The Killer App - Bar None". American Way. http://www.americanwaymag.com/so-woodland-bar-code-bernard-silver-drexel-university

• :: Varchaver, Nicholas (2004-05-31). "Scanning the Globe". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/05/31/370719/index.htm

• : Rfid reader: TechNovelgy.com  http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/technology-article.asp?artnum=54

• : Uses of barcode:www.Adams1.com• : Benefits: www.Expedimedia.com

Radio Frequency

Identification

RFID: What it is?

• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotelyretrieving data using devices called RFID tags ortransponders.

• RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostaticcoupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of theelectromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object,animal, or person.

• An alternative to bar code.• RFID is also called dedicated short range

communication.

History of RFID:

• Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman.

• Initial application was during World War II-The UnitedKingdom used RFID devices to distinguish returningEnglish airplanes from inbound German ones. RADARwas only able to signal the presence of a plane, notthe kind of plane it was..

• Came into commercial use only in 1990s.

Components ofRFID.

Active RFID TAGS:

• Battery Powered tags–Have much greater range – 100m–Hold much more information – Kbytes–Can integrate sensing technology

• •Temperature, GPS–Can signal at defined time–Multiple tags can be recorded at once

• •Used for higher value items–Shipping containers–Babies–Electronic assets

• •Cost between $20 and $40 per item• •Life between 2 – 4 years

Passive RFID Tags:

• Tag contains small chip, and a small antenna that stores a small amount of data.

• Tags can be programmed at manufacture or on installation.

• Tags are powered by high power electromagnetic field generated by antennas – usually in door ways.

Electronic product code-EPC

• Each tag contains a unique code that facilitating the identification process & is known as EPC.

• E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits)

• Header – defines version of EPC(8 bits)• EPC Manager – describes originator of EPC

(Product manufacturer) (28 bits)• Object Class - Could describe the product

type (24 Bits)• Serial Number – Unique ID for that product

item (36 Bits)

RFID Vs Bar Code

RFID BARCODE

Forging is difficult. Forging is easy.

Scanner not required. No needto bring the tag near thereader.

Scanner needs to see the barcode to read it.

RFID is comparatively fast.

Can read multiple tags. Can read only one tag at a time.

• Used where unique identification is needed.• Large Retail companies – Product Tracking.• Hospitals & Nursing Homes – Patient Tagging .• Airports – Baggage Tracking.• Security Applications – Contactless Smart Cards.• RFID Readers could also WRITE onto Tags.• RFID Sensors to sense temperature, movement,

radiation, food quality.• Passports-UK, Australia, Finland, Ireland.• RFID is used in Libraries.• Replacing Barcodes.

Uses of RFID:

Initiatives in RFID.

• Patni Computer Systems Lab – Implemented Animal Tracking System

• Wipro Technologies - Member of the Electronic Product Code (EPC)

• Setting up a lab to study RFID• Working on pilot projects• Infosys Technologies – RFID consulting on logistics

player in the RFID space.• TCS have tied up with Hyderabad university to produce

RFID tagged mark sheets & degrees to deter use of fake degree.

• Intell icon - pilot project for BEL Bangalore, tags installed on employee buses. Buses inside the BEL campus were tracked with the aim of gauging employee punctuality

Issues / Concerns

• Cost of RFID technology.• Active RFID life. 2-4 years.• Extremely weather.• Security concerns. Illicit tracking of RFID tags.• Global standardization.• Environmental concern. Recycling • RFID system are vulnerable to virus.

Conclusion

Gillette & Co:

Objective: To Track movement of product from Packaging

Centre to Plant’s distribution centre.

Previously->Using Bar Code, time taken=80 sec to 20 min.

In 1999->With RFID it takes 20 seconds.

Gains->Gillette saves 20% in Operational Cost at each Distribution Centre.

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THANK YOU!!!!