CC K HIU VIT TT

COD Nhu cu oxy ha ha hc BOD5 Nhu cu oxy ha sinh hc (5 ngy) DO Hm lng oxy ha tan TSS Tng hm lng cht rn SS Hm lng cht rn l lng HC Hm lng hydrocacbon V/v V vic VSV Vi sinh vt TM nh gi tc ng mi trng QCVN Quy chun Vit Nam TCVN Tiu chun Vit Nam BTNMT B Ti nguyn v Mi trng BKHNCN B Khoa hc cng ngh MT Mi trng WHO T chc Y t Th gii BTCT B tng ct thp KS K s CN C nhn UBND U ban Nhn dn UBMT U ban Mt trn T quc PCCC Phng chy cha chy PCCN Phng chng chy n

M U I. Xut x ca D n 1. Hon cnh ra i ca D n Theo thng k ca B Cng Thng, nhu cu v que hn dng cho ngnh cng nghip Vit Nam l 60.000 tn, lng dy hn l 9.000 tn, sn lng ny s tng t 15-20% trong nhng nm ti nhm mc ch phc v cho cc ngnh ng tu, ch to t, xe my, ngnh gia cng kt cu kim loi... Trong Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c t xp x 13.000 tn que hn v 2.500 tn dy hn nm 2008, vt cng sut thit k ca nh my. Vi din tch hin nay ca Cng ty l 2,4ha Thng Tn H Ni th khng p ng yu cu v b tr mt bng sn xut v nng cao sn lng sn xut sn phm vt liu hn cc loi ca Cng ty cho th trng hin nay v nhng nm ti. Nhn thy nhu cu ngy cng ln v cc vt liu hn, c bit l cc sn phm dy hn s dn thay th que hn, Cng ty C phn que hn in Vit c u t xy dng d n "Nh my sn xut dy hn cng sut 6.000 tn/nm" ti x Tn Trng, huyn Cm Ging, tnh Hi Dng, y l khu vc c tc pht trin kinh t - x hi cao, lao ng di do, c trnh , c nhiu chnh sch u i u t, p ng c nhu cu sn xut, kinh doanh ca Cng ty, ng thi cng p ng c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca th trng v cc sn phm trn, nht l s tn dng c lc lng lao ng vn c. Thc hin nghim chnh iu 18/Lut Bo v mi trng ca Nh nc Vit Nam, Cng ty phi hp vi Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch Mi trng tin hnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n nhm m bo pht trin kinh t kt hp vi vic thc hin tt cc cng tc bo v mi trng. 2. C quan cp giy chp thun u t

U Ban Nhn Dn tnh Hi Dng 3. Mi quan h ca D n D n nm pha Bc Quc l 5A, on t Km 40 + 200 n Km 40 + 700 thuc x Tn Trng, huyn Cm Ging, tnh Hi Dng. II. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. Cc vn bn php lut

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000tn/nm ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit - c c lp theo cc cn c php lut hin hnh sau y:

- Lut Bo v Mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 v c hiu lc t ngy 01 thng 07 nm 2006.

- Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam kha X, k hp th 3 thng qua thng 5 nm 1998. - Lut Ho cht do B Cng nghip ch tr son tho c thng qua ti Quc hi kha XII, k hp th 2, s 06/2007/QH12 ngy 21/11/2007.

- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 do Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam ban hnh ngy 26 thng 11 nm 2003.

- Lut u t s 59/2005/QH11 do Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam ban hnh ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005.

- Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 do Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam ban hnh ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v cc vn bn hng dn.

- Lut Phng chy cha chy s 07/2001/QH10 do Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam ban hnh ngy 29 thng 06 nm 2001.

- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph V/v quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng.

- Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph V/v x pht hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng.

- Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP V/v sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph.

- Ngh nh s 67/2003 v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi ca Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 13/6/2003.

- Ngh nh s 16/2005 N-CP ngy 07/02/2005 v qun l D n u t v xy dng cng trnh.

- Quyt nh s 35/2002-Q-BKHCN-MT ngy 25/6/2002 ca BKHCN&MT v vic cng b danh mc Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng bt buc.

- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng V/v bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng.

- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic Ban hnh Danh mc cht thi nguy hi.

- Thng t hng dn s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.

- Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng V/v Hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi.

2. Cc tiu chun v quy chun a. Cc tiu chun lin quan n cht lng khng kh - Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT ca B Y t ban hnh ngy 10/10/2002 v vic p dng 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng + Tiu chun v sinh phc li + Tiu chun khong cch bo v v sinh + Tiu chun chiu sng + Tiu chun vi kh hu - TCVN 5937:2005 - Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh. - TCVN 5938:2005 - Tiu chun nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh.. - TCVN 5939:2005 - Gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip - TCVN 6438:2001 - Phng tin giao thng ng b. Gii hn ln nht cho php ca kh thi. b. Cc tiu chun lin quan n ting n v rung

- TCVN 5949:1998 - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c, mc n ti a cho php. - TCVN 6962:2001 Tiu chun rung ng v chn ng do hot ng xy dng

ti a cho php i vi mi trng khu vc cng cng v khu dn c. - Quyt nh 3733:2002/Q-BYT (Tiu chun 12): Mc ting n cho php ti khu

vc lao ng. c. Cc quy chun, tiu chun lin quan n cht lng nc

- TCVN 5945:2005 - Tiu chun thi i vi nc thi cng nghip. - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt. - QCVN 09:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc thi

sinh hot. - TCVN 7629:2007: Tiu chun ngng cht thi nguy hi (bn thi)

3. Cc ngun ti liu a. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho 1. L Thc Cn v tp th tc gi (1994), nh gi tc ng mi trng, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 2. Trnh Xun Lai (2002), Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 3. Lut Bo v mi trng nc CHXHCN Vit Nam, nm 2005.

4. B tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 1995, 1998, 2005 v mi trng, QCVN v mi trng, TC BYT v cc tiu chun b sung hin hnh. 5. ng Kim Chi (2000), Ho hc mi trng, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni. 6. Trn Ngc Chn (2000), nhim khng kh v x l kh thi - Tp 1, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 7. Trn Ngc Chn (2000), nhim khng kh v x l kh thi - Tp 2, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 8. Trn Ngc Chn (2000), nhim khng kh v x l kh thi - Tp 3, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 9. WHO - nh gi cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t, nc, khng kh - Tp I, II Generva, 1993. 10. Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga (1999), Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 11. Phm Ngc ng (2003), Mi trng khng kh, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. b. Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp

- Bo co nghin cu kh thi D n Nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000 tn/nm - Kt qu phn tch ca Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng - S Ti

nguyn v Mi trng tnh Hi Dng. - Cc bn v quy hoch tng th ca D n. - Cc vn bn php l lin quan n D n.

III. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM nh gi tc ng mi trng l vic phn tch, d bo, nh gi cc tc ng n

mi trng ca d n a ra cc bin php bo v mi trng khi trin khai d n . Bo co TM c thc hin theo nhng phng php sau: 1. Phng php lit k, thu thp s liu

Nhm thu thp v x l s liu kh tng, thu vn, kinh t - x hi ti khu vc thc hin d n c nu trong phn II ca chng 2 bo co. 2. Phng php kho st, ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim cc thng s v cht lng mi trng

xc nh hin trng mi trng khu vc thc hin d n. Cc phng php ny c tin hnh theo ng quy nh hin hnh ca cc TCVN, QCVN tng ng.

Cc s liu ly mu, o c, phn tch c nu chi tit trong phn hin trng mi trng ca d n ti chng 2 trang 31-32

3. Phng php nh gi nhanh trn c s h s nhim Phng php ny da trn h s nhim c tnh ti lng cc cht nhim t hot

ng ca d n. Phng php ny c th hin r ti phn tnh ton nhim t cc hot ng trong giao thng v tnh ton ti lng nc thi sinh hot trong chng 3 ca Bo co ny. 4. Phng php k tha

L phng php tra cu nhng s liu c nghin cu v c cng nhn phc v cho mc ch lp bo co nh gi tc ng ca D n. 5. Phng php iu tra kinh t - x hi c s dng trong thi gian iu tra kin dn c, chnh quyn a phng, cc nh qun l lin quan n d n, iu tra tnh hnh kinh t x hi ti khu vc D n. Phng php ny c s dng trong chng 2 phn II, chng 6 ly kin cng ng. 6. Phng php d bo

Nhm d bo trc nhng nh hng tch cc cng nh tiu cc do cc hot ng ca d n tc ng ln mi trng trong khu vc. Phng php ny c s dng trong chng 3 IV. T chc thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng

Bo co TM ca d n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut dy hn 6000 tn/nm ti Hi Dng do Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c ch tr thc hin vi s t vn ca Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng - S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Hi Dng.

Gim c Trung tm: ng T Hng Minh a ch: S 209, Nguyn Lng Bng, thnh ph Hi Dng. in thoi: 0320.2210558, Fax: 0320.3892428

Danh sch tham gia lp bo co TM ca d n bao gm: Bng 1: Danh sch tham gia lp bo co TM

TT Thnh vin tham gia Hc v, chuyn ngnh o to I C quan t vn

1 T Hng Minh - Gim c TT CN khoa hc mi trng

2 Phan Th Uyn - Ph GTT CN Ha phn tch

3 Nguyn Th Bch Ngc KS Mi trng

4 Nguyn Vn Tuyn KS Cng ngh mi trng

5 Trn Xun Ton KS Cng ngh mi trng

6 L Ph ng CN Ha phn tch

7 V Minh Hip Chuyn ngnh Ha du

II Ch d n 1

2

Trong qu trnh thc hin bo co c s phi hp cht ch ca: - Chi cc bo v mi trng ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Hi Dng. - Phng Qun l ti nguyn v mi trng huyn Cm Ging, tnh Hi Dng. - UBND x Tn Trng, huyn Cm Ging, tnh Hi Dng. - Cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc nh gi tc ng mi trng. Ni dung ca bo co c sp xp nh sau: M u

- Chng 1: M t tm tt d n - Chng 2: iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi - Chng 3: nh gi cc tc ng mi trng - Chng 4: Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi

trng - Chng 5: Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng - Chng 6: Tham vn kin cng ng - Kt lun, kin ngh v cam kt

CHNG 1 M T TM TT D N

I. Tn D n D n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000 tn/nm. II. Ch d n + Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit - c + i in theo php lut: ng Ng B Vit + Chc danh: Ch tch HQT - Gim c Cng ty + in thoi: 034.853360 Fax: 034.853653 + a ch: x Nh Kh, huyn Thng Tn, thnh ph H Ni III. V tr a l ca d n

V tr khu t xin thu nm pha Bc Quc l 5A, on t km 40+200 n Km 40+700 thuc thn Trng K, x Tn Trng, huyn Cm Ging, tnh Hi Dng, c ta l N: 2005623 v Bc, 10601313 kinh ng vi tng din tch l 24.218,3 m2. Khu t c ranh gii tip gip cc mt nh sau:

- Pha Bc gip rung canh tc, cch xa khu dn c - Pha ng gip Nh my thp tin ch SEICO - Pha Nam gip Quc l 5A - Pha Ty gip vi d n ca Cng ty TNHH Vn Nhn, cch ch Gh 500m

V tr a l ca D n c nhiu mt thun li cho qu trnh pht trin sn xut v kinh doanh ca Cng ty nh:

- V pha Bc d n c mng thot nc ca khu vc, to iu kin thun li cho vic tiu thot nc thi sau khi x l t tiu chun thi. - V tr nm gip Quc l 5 i H Ni - Hi Phng, cch trung tm thnh ph Hi Dng 5km, nn rt thun tin cho vic vn chuyn, giao dch, gim c gi thnh sn phm. - Khu vc d n thuc x Tn Trng gn KCN Tn Trng v nhiu nh my x nghip sn xut c kh c nhu cu ln v dy hn v y cng l khu vc c ngun lao ng di do. - Mi trng chnh sch u t: c UBND tnh Hi Dng to iu kin thun li cho nh u t.

S v tr D n c th hin sau trang 8

IV. Ni dung ch yu ca D n 1. Tin thc hin D n Tin thc hin D n ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit - c nh sau: - Tin hnh n b t nng nghip t thng - Tin hnh cng vic san lp mt bng trong thi gian 1 thng k t ngy thc hin xong cc th tc n b v nhn bn giao khu t. - Cng ty s bt u khi cng xy dng ng lot cc cng trnh xy dng ngay sau khi hon thnh cng tc san lp mt bng v d kin s hon thnh trong thi gian 7 thng. - Thi gian lp t thit b v sn xut th thng. - Thi gian chnh thc vn hnh vo thng 12/2009

Ti thi im nh gi tc ng mi trng d n vn ang l bi t trng san lp mt bng, n v cha trin khai vic thi cng xy dng. 2. Quy m u t xy dng a. Cc hng mc cng trnh

phc v cho hot ng sn xut v thc hin tt cng tc bo v mi trng, trn mt bng khu t ca D n cc cng trnh c b tr nh sau:

Bng 2. Danh mc cc cng trnh xy dng TT Cc hng mc cng trnh Din tch (m2) 1 Nh iu hnh, vn phng 378 2 Nh trng by v gii thiu sn phm 885 3 Nh xng sn xut dy hn 3024 4 Kho nguyn liu 3024 5 Kho thnh phm 1155 6 Nh n v ngh gia ca 1155 7 Nh xe cho khch 102 8 Nh xe cho cn b cng nhn vin 435 9 Trm cn t 80 tn 198 10 Trm cp nc sch 90 11 Khu cha cht thi rn 90 12 Trm cp nc v nc tun hon 180 13 Trm bin p 180 14 Nh bo v 20 15 Nh v sinh chung 300 16 Cy xanh, bn hoa 2360

17 Sn ng ni b 8993 18 Cng chnh - 19 t lu khng 2162,1

Bng 3. T l din tch xy dng TT Phng n s dng Din tch (m2) T l (%) 1 Din tch xy dng cng trnh 11.216 50,8 2 Din tch sn ng ni b 8993 40,8 3 Din tch cy xanh 2.360 10,7 4 Din tch t c xy dng 22.056,2 100% 5 Din tch lu khng 2.162,1 -

Tng din tch khu t 24.218,3 -

Ngun: Bo co d n u t xy dng S mt bng tng th cc hng mc cng trnh th hin sau trang 9

b. Gii php quy hoch v kin trc: m bo cc iu kin mi trng trong khu vc sn xut v xung quanh nh

my, cc hng mc cng trnh c quy hoch hp l, c kin trc n gin. Tuy nhin cc cng trnh ny c thit k m bo cc ch tiu v an ton, nh sng, thng gi thun li cho sn xut v lm vic ca cng nhn. - Nh iu hnh v vn phng (2 tng): Kt cu khung, dm, mi b tng, c mi tn chng nng. Tng v vch ngn xy gch; trt va xi mng, ln sn, nn bng b tng gch v, lt gch Ceramic. - Xng sn xut dy hn, kho nguyn liu, kho thnh phm: Kt cu BTCT, mi lp tn sng cng nghip, c ca tri; vch tng ngn xy gch 220, trt va xi mng, cao 4,5m, phn trn bt tn; mng BTCT mc 250 c h ging bao quanh, nn lt gch. - Nh ngh n ca (1 tng): Kt cu khung, dm, mi b tng, mi tn chng nng. Tng v vch xy gch, trt va xi mng, ln sn, nn b tng gch v, lt gch Ceramic - Khu cha cht thi rn (90m2): H thng tng gch chu lc, qut vi ve; ca i g nhm 3, ca s hoa st; nn lt gch xi mng hoa; trn BTCT, mi tn chng nng mu . - Nh xe (2 nh): Lin kt ct thp trn 110 x g thp, mi lp tn lin doanh dy 0,42ly, nn lng va xi mng.

- Trm cn t 80 tn, khu vc cha cht thi, nh bo v, trm bin p: H thng dm ct BTCT chu lc, tng xy gch c, qut vi ve, nn lt gch xi mng, trn BT, mi tn chng nng mu . - Cng v hng ro bo v: Xy gch, lp khung thp, cao 1,8m; cng c ch to bng khung st. c. Gii php k thut - Gii php san lp mt bng: cao san lp d kin bng ct ng Quc l 5A; nn c san lp bng ct en m cht vi h s K = 0,98, dc san nn I = 0,3%. Khi lng ct dng cho san lp l 12.109m3 - Sn ng ni b: H thng ng ni b trong nh my c chiu rng 12m, thit k m bo cho xe 40 tn, phn ng cho xe chy quanh nh my c chiu rng 6m. Thit k h thng cy xanh v n chiu sng hai bn ng. + Kt cu ng v va h: Ti trng trc: 12 tn, p lc tnh ton ln mt ng l 6 kg/cm Lp 1: B tng nha mn dy 5 cm Lp 2: B tng ht trung bnh dy 7 cm Lp 3: Mng cp phi dm loi I, dy 15 cm Lp 4: Cp phi dm loi II, dy 25cm Lp 5: Ct tn nn m k, K = 0,98 dy 1m Lp 6: Ct tn nn m k, K = 0,95 + Kt cu va h: Ct vng m k dy 50, ct san nn m cht K = 0,98, dc san nn I = 0,3%, nt gch xi mng 300x300x30. - H thng cp in:

Cng ty hp ng vi Chi nhnh in huyn Cm Ging lp t trm bin th. H thng dn in t trm bin th n cc nh xng v cc cng trnh ph dng loi cp 1 li v nhiu li c lp bc nha cch in XLPE v v bc PVC, ng knh cp t 20 40mm.

H thng dn in trong cc nh xng v cc cng trnh ph dng loi dy dn n v bc nha cch in PVC, ng knh dy t 2,4 5,0mm. H thng dy dn c chy lun trong ng gen nha chng chy.

Cc thit b in nh cu giao, cm, cng tc, rle, cu tr... c mua t cc hng lin doanh m bo vic cung cp in cho sn xut.

Cc nh xng c u t h thng n chiu sng m bo iu kin lm vic cho cng nhn.

- H thng chng st: m bo cho qu trnh sn xut c an ton, lin tc v trnh thit hi v ti

sn, con ngi do st gy ra, tt c cc nh xng sn xut, nh vn phng, nh ngh n ca u c thit k h thng chng st hon chnh theo tiu chun TCXDVN 46:2007 Chng st cho cng trnh xy dng. H thng chng st bao gm: b phn thu st, b phn dn xung, cc loi mi ni, im kim tra o c, b phn dy dn ni t, b phn cc ni t.

- H thng thng tin lin lc: Gm c: trung tm in thoi, fax, e-mail + my m gi t phng tng i. Khu

vc vn phng v cc h c s in thoi, fax ring v c cung cp cp truyn hnh. - H thng cp nc v phn phi nc + Nh my s ly nc ngm qua h thng x l phc v cho sn xut v sinh hot + H thng phn phi nc: Nh my thit k h thng phn phi nc theo kiu mng vng. Vt liu ng cp nc dng ng gang do cho cc tuyn ng c ng knh D100, D125, D150, D200 v dng ng thp trng km cho cc tuyn ng c ng knh D100. ng chn su t 0,7 1,0 m.

3. Cng ngh thi cng v cng ngh sn xut a. Cng ngh thi cng

S 1. Quy trnh xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh

My mc thi cng, cc b tng

Nguyn vt liu xy dng, my mc v thit

b thi cng

Ting n, bi, kh thi, cht thi rn, gi lau du m,

nc ma chy trn

X l nn mng

Xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh

Ting n, bi, kh thi, cht thi rn (cht thi xy dng, cht thi sinh hot), bi

sn, khi hnnc thi xy dng, nc thi sinh hot,

My mc thit b, phng tin giao thng

Lp t my mc Ting n, bi, kh thi, cht thi rn

* Thuyt minh quy trnh xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh: - D n c san lp mt bng trc khi ch d n thu li t, tuy nhin to mt bng cho d n, d kin vn phi san lp bng ct en v m cht vi khi lng ct cn san lp l 12.109m3 - Tip theo l x l v to nn mng: Cc cc b tng c sn c p su xung lng t to thnh cc im bm vng chc cho cng trnh. Trong qu trnh x l v to nn mng c s dng cc loi my mc nh my xc, my o, my p cc thc hin cng vic. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh trong giai on ny bao gm: bi, kh thi, ting n, r lau du m.

- Sau khi x l nn mng hon thnh, cng tc xy dng cc cng trnh bt u c tin hnh. Cc nguyn vt liu nh st thp, tm lp, ct, xi mng, si , gch c s dng. Cc loi my mc phc v cho qu trnh xy dng nh my trn b tng, cn cu, cc xe vn chuyn nguyn vt liu. Cht thi pht sinh trong giai on ny bao gm: bi, ting n, kh thi, cht thi rn xy dng.

Cng tc cui cng ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng l lp t my mc thit b. Cht thi pht sinh trong giai on ny ch yu t qu trnh vn chuyn my mc thit b t bn ngoi vo bn trong nh my v t qu trnh khoan nn mng lp t my mc thit b.

b. Cng ngh sn xut

- +

+

X l

+

-

Lm sch

Dy thp

Ko kh

Ko t

Ty ra

M ng

Chut bng

Thu dy

+

Hy

Xp lp chnh xc

Thu dy

Bao gi

Nhp kho

-

+ X l

Hy

-

X l

Hy

-

- +

+

Trung ha

* Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh Lm sch: Dy thp: loi dy dng sn xut dy hn c ng knh 5,5 c

lm sch c hc bng cc h thng bn chi v kh nn. Ko kh: Dy c lm sch qua cc nc khun ko t ng knh 5,5 xung

cc c ng knh 2,45; 2,1; 1,9 - Nu dy t yu cu, tip tc cc cng on sau - Nu dy khng t yu cu, x l li; t yu cu, tip tc cng on sau, khng

t yu cu, hy. Thu dy: Dy sau khi ko kh t yu cu c thu vo l qun 800. Ko t: Dy ko kh c thu vo l qun 800, s chuyn ti h my ko t

m, qu trnh ko t t 2,45; 2,1; 1,9 qua cc nc khun c cc chng loi ng knh ln hn 1,6; 1,2; 1,0; 0,9; 0,8 mt nc khun.

Ty ra: Dy sau khi ko t c ty ra bng dung dch ty ra H2SO4 nng 8 12%.

M ng: Dy c ty ra bng dung dch ty ra, c ko qua dung dch m ng m ng.

Trung ha: Dy sau khi c m ng, i qua dung dch trung ha trung ha lng ha cht cn d trn dy.

Chut bng: Dy trung ha, c ko qua khun chut bng t cc kch thc 1,6; 1,2; 1,0; 0,9; 0,8

- Nu dy t yu cu, tip tc cc cng on sau. - Nu dy khng t yu cu, x l li; t yu cu, tip tc cng on Thu dy: Dy sau khi chut bng t yu cu c thu vo l qun 800. Xp lp chnh xc: Dy c thu hi vo l qun 800, c chuyn n cng

on xp lp chnh xc, ti y dy c xp vo cc l nha nh thnh cc lp chnh xc (chia dy theo khi lng), mi l nh c khi lng 15 kg hoc 20kg...

- Nu dy t yu cu, tip tc cc cng on sau. - Nu dy khng t yu cu, c th x l li ty thuc vo cht lng dy; t yu

cu, tip tc cng on Bao gi: Dy c xp lp chnh xc, c bao gi trong ti mng PE c ti

ht m v ti chn khng, bn ngoi l hp cc tng 3 lp cch ly vi mi trng bn ngoi.

Nhp kho: Cui cng l cng on nhp kho, vi cc sn phm t tiu chun c xp trn k g bo qun trnh ma m.

4. Danh mc my mc, thit b Thit b u t dy chuyn sn xut ng b, hin i, m bo v cht lng sn

phm, p ng c nhu cu ca th trng tiu th, cng nh c tc ng t nht ti mi trng. Bng 4. Danh mc my mc thit b cho sn xut

TT Loi thit b n

v

S lng

Xut x TT

thit b A Giai on 1

I Dy chuyn ko kh 8 cc (MARIO FRIGERIO-S500/8) B 1 Italia Mi

1 Thit b ra dy kiu ng SN30 2 Thit b lm sch dy c kh 3 My ko kh S500/8 4 Thit b thu dy kiu nm ngang BE80 II Dy chuyn ko t + m (hng VMS) B 1 Italia 1 Thit b ra dy kiu ng SB - 1 2 Thit b ko t TB1

3 Thit b m ng v chut bng VR-40, b bng inox

4 Thit b b kiu ng c 2 puly bng nha 5 Thit b thu dy kiu nm ngang

6 Cc thit b ph tr: My r khun, my hn ni u dy, ph tng d phng.

III Dy chuyn xp lp dy hn CO2 (RZ281-500)

B 1 Trung Quc Mi

1 My ra dy 2 Thit b b 3 My xp lp chnh xc

IV Dy chuyn dy hn thuc B 1 Vit Nam Mi 1 B ty axit + ra nc sch 3 trc 2 B m ng 4 trc 3 B trung ha 3 trc

4 My trut bng 1 khun quay, 1 tang ko, 1 b b

V Dy chuyn xp lp chnh xc dy hn thuc

B 1 Trung Quc Mi

1 My ra dy RD - 800

2 Thit b b D400 3 My xp lp chnh xc XC - 500

VI Cc thit b khc 1 Thit b th thng B 1 Trung Quc Mi 2 Xe nng 3,2 tn B 1 Hn Quc Mi 3 Cu trc 3 tn Ci 3 Nht Bn Mi 4 Pa lng 2 tn Ci 1 Hn Quc Mi 5 Cn Ci 1 Hn Quc Mi 6 t ti 2,5 tn Ci 1 Hn Quc Mi 7 Trm bin p 1000KVA Ci 1 Vit Nam Mi

VII Cc thit b vn phng 1 My tnh B 5 Nht Bn Mi 2 Bn gh B 30 Vit Nam Mi 3 in thoi, my Fax Ci 1 Nht Bn Mi 4 in thoi Ci 2 Nht Bn Mi 5 My iu ha Ci 10 Nht Bn Mi 6 T ng ti liu Ci 10 Nht Bn Mi 7 Cc thit b vn phng khc VN Vit Nam Mi B Thit b u t giai on 2 1 Dy chuyn ko kh 8 cc B 1 Italia Mi 2 Dy chuyn ko t + m B 1 Italia Mi 3 Dy chuyn ko t + m B 4 Italia Mi 4 Dy chuyn xp lp chnh xc B 2 Italia Mi 5 Thit b th thng B 1 Trung Quc Mi

6 Dy chuyn xp lp chnh xc (chuyn t cng ty c phn que hn in Vit c)

B 4

7 Dy chuyn ko t + m D1,6 4mm B 1 Trung Quc Mi

8 Dy chuyn xp lp chnh xc D1,6 4mm

B 1 Trung Quc Mi

9 Pa lng 2 tn Ci 2 Hn Quc Mi 10 t ti 2,5 tn Ci 1 Hn Quc Mi

Ngun: Bo co D n u t 5. Nhu cu v nguyn nhin liu cho sn xut a. Nhu cu v nguyn vt liu Nhu cu v nguyn liu u vo bao gm: Dy thp, bt vut, khun ko, du ko, dung dch H2SO4, dung dch CuSO4, l nha, hp giy.

Bng 5. Nhu cu v nguyn vt liu TT Loi nguyn liu n v S lng 1 Dy thp cn nng 5,5 Tn 6.100 2 Bt ko kh loi FL2000 ca n hoc ca Kg 25.200 3 Khun ko (, c, Hn Quc) Ci 27.000 4 Du ko t loi SINTECH FL22 ca n hoc ca Kg 13.800 5 Dung dch H2SO4 c Kg 45.600 6 CuSO4.5H2O Kg 43.800 7 L nha Ci 400.000 8 Hp giy Cc tng sng 3 lp Ci 400.000 9 Mng PE Ci 400.000

b. Nhu cu s dng nc Nc s dng cho hot ng sn xut v sinh hot ca Nh my c ly t ngun nc ging khoan v ngun cp nc sch ca Nh my nc Cm Ging. Nc ngm qua h thng b lc xy dng theo ng tiu chun Vit Nam, m bo tiu chun nc phc v cho sinh hot v sn xut. Bng 6. Nhu cu v nc

TT i tng dng nc

S lng Tiu chun cp nc Tng cng

1 Cn b cng nhn vin 60 ngi 80 l/ng.ng 4,8 m3/ng 2 Sn xut 2 m3/ng 3 D phng cho PCCC 27 m3 4 Ra ng 8993 m2 5 l/m2 45 m3/ng 5 Ti cy, thm c 2360 m2 3 l/m2 7 m3/ng Tng 85,8 m3

c. Nhu cu s dng in v ngun cung cp in in trong nh my c dng cung cp cho cc thit b my mc, thit b phc v sn xut v mt phn cho sinh hot. Theo thit k nh my s s dng hai my bin p c cng sut 320KVA. Nhu cu v in cho cc khu vc nh sau:

Bng 7. Nhu cu v in TT V tr s dng Nhu cu Tng nhu cu v in 1 in sn xut 300 KW/h 2400 2 in sinh hot 200 KW/h 1600

3 Khu ph tr v x l nc thi 100 KW/h 800 4 in chiu sng 12 KW/ha.h 125

Tng nhu cu in KW/h 4924,8

6. Tng mc u t v ngun vn u t ca D n Bng 8. Nhu cu v vn u t

TT Danh mc n v Thnh tin I Cng tc chun b u t VN 500,000,000 II Tin thu t VN 5.000.000.000 III u t xy dng VN 74.987.338.491 1 Giai on 1 VN 39.005.007.719 Gi tr xy lp VN 21.761.507.719

Gi tr thit b VN 17.243.500.000 2 Giai on 2 VN 29.165.300.000 Gi tr xy lp VN 12.025.300.000

Gi tr thit b VN 17.140.000.000 3 D phng VN 6.817.030.772

IV Vn lu ng VN 3.000.000.000 Tng VN 83.487.338.491

7. Sn phm v th trng tiu th a. Sn phm - Giai on 1 (t nm 2010 n thng 6/2012): 3.000 tn dy hn - Giai on 2 (sau thng 6/2012): 6.000 tn dy hn b. Th trng tiu th Sn phm ca Nh my cung cp cho th trng tiu th trong nc nh Nh my ng tu Tam Bc, Bn Kim, H Long, Bch ng, H Ni, Sng Hn, Ba Son, Dung Qut... Cc lin doanh ch to t, xe my nh Honda, Yamaha, Vinaxuky... Cc nh my c kh Gia Lm, Kt cu thp ng Anh... 8. T chc qun l v thc hin D n

Bng 9. C cu lao ng TT C cu lao ng S lng (ngi) 1 Gim c 1 2 Ph Gim c 2 3 Trng b phn KH-VT 1

4 K ton 2 5 Trng b phn QLCL 1 6 Trng b phn KD 1 7 Trng b phn HC 1 8 B phn KCS 3 9 Cng nhn 48

Tng 60

M hnh t chc v qun l nhn s ca Nh my s c thc hin theo m hnh di y:

Hnh 5: S t chc qun l ca nh my

CHNG 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI

I. iu kin t nhin v mi trng 1. iu kin v a l, a cht a. iu kin a l

Khu vc d n tng i bng phng, xen k sng ngi. im cao nht c cao l 3,9 m (ti thn Tn K) v thp nht l 1,0m ( hu ht cc cnh ng), cao trung bnh ti khu vc d n l 2,4m so vi mc nc bin, phn din tch khu vc trin khai d n trc y l t trng la, sau Cng ty C phn thng mi t vn xy dng Hong Hi thu t xy dng nh my sn xut tinh bt bin tnh n b gii phng v san lp mt bng t nm 2004 v n nm 2008 Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c thu li khu t lm d n nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000 tn/nm. Khu vc ny thuc loi t ph sa sng Thi Bnh khng c bi p hng nm. b. iu kin a cht

Khu vc D n l ni pht trin cc trm tch t, c trng cho vng t yu. a cht khu vc khng nh huyn Cm Ging ch gp l ra trn mt cc trm tch Holocen, vi s c mt ca h tng Thi Bnh v h tng Hi Hng. Quy lut cu trc theo chiu thng ng, t trn xung c:

- H tng Thi Bnh, tui Holocen mun (Q23tb) - H tng Hi Hng, tui Holocen sm- gia (Q21-2hh)

Quy lut cu trc theo chiu ngang, trm tch h tng Thi Bnh ch phn b thnh nhng di hp ven cc con sng, h nguyn thy. Trm tch h tng Hi hng phn b rng ri nhiu ni di dng cc vm nng cc b. Chnh v th b mt a hnh trong huyn c c im l mt b mt g gh, ln sng. Trt t a tng t trn xung di gm 11 lp, trong t lp th 2 n lp 11 thuc h tng Hi Hng, gm: - Lp 1:t p, 0,5-2,9m - Lp 2: St mu xm vng, xm xanh thng tn ti di dng cc thu knh nh, trng thi do mm n do cng, dy 0,6-1,2m - Lp 3: St pha mu xm ghi, xm vng, trng thi do chy, dy 0,5-2,5m - Lp 4: Bn ct pha mu xm en, dng thu knh, khng n nh theo phng, dy 4,7-6,7m. - Lp 5: Bn st pha mu xm en, dng thu knh, khng n nh theo phng, dy 2,7-9m

- Lp 6: St pha mu xm ghi, b dy tuy khng ln nhng rt n nh theo phng, trng thi do chy, dy 2,5-2,7m. - Lp 7: St pha mu nu , xm ghi, loang vng, b dy ln, kh n nh theo phng, trng thi do cng n na cng, dy 5,5-6,4m. - Lp 8: Ct pha mu xm ghi, xm nu, b dy khng n nh theo phng, trng thi do, dy 4,7-5,5m - Lp 9: St pha, mu xm nu, xm en, b dy khng n nh theo phng, trng thi do mm n do chy, dy 1,7-2,6m - Lp 10: Ct bi, mu nu vng, b dy kh n nh theo phng, trng thi cht va, dy 4,5-7,9m. - Lp 11: Ct ht nh, mu xm ghi, xm vng, b dy khng n nh theo phng, trng thi cht , dy 1,2-1,4m.

Bng 10. c im thnh phn ht trung bnh ca h tng Hi Hng

Lp Ht bi (mm) Ht st(mm)

0,5-0,25 0,25-0,1 0,1-0,05 0,05-0,01 0,01-0,005

- Nhit khng kh v m tng i ca khng kh - Lng ma, nng v bc x - Ch gi v c im v bo l lt Cc s liu v bng dn chng v iu kin kh tng thy vn (nhit , lng ma, m, ch gi, bo l lt) c thu thp ti Trung tm Kh tng Thy vn Hi Dng. + Nhit Nhit nh hng n s phn b nng cht nhim trong khng kh gn mt t. Tnh nng hp th v bc x nhit ca mt tri nh hng n s phn b nhit trong khng kh theo chiu thng ng. Thng thng cng ln cao, nhit cng gim, nu trng thi nhit ca khng kh c c tnh ngc li gi l s "nghch o nhit", hin tng ny lm suy yu s trao i i lu, lm gim s khuch tn kh c hi v lm tng hi c hi trong khng kh gn mt t. Nhit trung bnh cc thng nm 2007 ca tnh Hi Dng l 24,10C, nhit trung bnh thng cao nht l 300C vo thng 6 v thng 7, nhit trung bnh thp nht l 16,50C vo thng 1.

Bng 11. Nhit trung bnh t nm 2000 n nm 2007 (0C)

Nm Thng

2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Thng 1 17,8 16,4 16,7 16,1 17,8 16,5 Thng 2 16,0 20,0 17,3 17,8 18,4 21,4 Thng 3 19,9 20,8 19,9 18,9 19,9 20,8 Thng 4 24,5 25,2 23,5 23,7 24,6 22,8 Thng 5 26,7 27,9 25,9 28,5 26,9 26,6 Thng 6 27,8 29,5 29,0 29,7 29,5 30,0 Thng 7 29,1 29,3 28,9 29,2 29,7 30,0 Thng 8 28,5 28,5 28,8 28,4 27,7 28,6 Thng 9 26,4 27,0 27,6 28,2 27,4 26,7 Thng 10 24,5 25,4 24,6 25,7 26,9 25,3 Thng 11 20,6 22,7 22,2 22,2 24,2 20,4 Thng 12 19,5 17,4 18,4 16,8 17,9 20,1 C nm 23,4 24,2 23,6 23,8 24,2 24,1

Ngun: Nin gim thng k tnh Hi Dng nm 2007

+ m khng kh m khng kh ca khu vc Hi Dng kh cao, theo kt qu quan trc ca Trm kh tng thy vn Hi Dng cho thy: m trung bnh cc thng nm 2007 l 83%, cc thng trong ma hanh kh l thng 1 v thng 11 c m trung bnh 73%, m trung bnh thng ln nht vo thng 3 l 91%.

Bng 12. m khng kh trung bnh t nm 2000 n nm 2007 (%) Nm Thng

2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Thng 1 84 84 83 81 79 73 Thng 2 88 91 87 88 87 86 Thng 3 92 87 89 85 88 91 Thng 4 92 90 89 88 86 85 Thng 5 89 89 87 85 84 84 Thng 6 88 82 80 82 82 81 Thng 7 86 86 82 83 82 82 Thng 8 89 90 87 87 88 87 Thng 9 88 90 85 84 79 86 Thng 10 89 81 78 80 81 81 Thng 11 80 80 79 82 80 73 Thng 12 80 75 78 76 79 81 C nm 87 85 84 83 83 83

Ngun: Nin gim thng k tnh Hi Dng nm 2007

Trong iu kin m ln, cc ht bi l lng trong khng kh c th lin kt vi nhau thnh cc ht to hn v ri nhanh xung t, to iu kin cho cc vi sinh vt bm vo v pht trin nhanh chng, pht tn i xa v d gy bnh truyn nhim.

+ Lng ma Ma c tc dng lm sch mi trng khng kh v pha long cht thi lng. Ma

ma khu vc Hi Dng thng xy ra trong thi gian t thng 5 n thng 11, chim t 80 - 85% tng lng ma c nm, ma kh bt u t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau. Tng lng ma c nm 2007 l 1.197mm, t hn trung bnh hng nm 73,0 mm, t hn lng ma nm 2006 l 253 mm, ma ma ph hp vi quy lut chung. thng c lng ma ln nht trong nm l thng 9 (229mm) nn c th gy ng gp mt s vng nh hng n sn xut nng nghip v hot ng kinh t ca tnh, thng c lng ma nh nht l thng 1 (1mm). (Theo Nin Gim thng k tnh Hi Dng, nm 2007)

Bng 13. Lng ma trung bnh t nm 2000 n nm 2007 (mm)

Nm Thng

2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Thng 1 16 39 17 7 4 1 Thng 2 20 23 31 36 21 29 Thng 3 42 23 36 21 58 40 Thng 4 85 108 91 17 31 62 Thng 5 192 185 208 138 137 202 Thng 6 223 225 74 197 196 219 Thng 7 342 302 521 322 277 147 Thng 8 283 456 284 244 496 130 Thng 9 168 175 146 254 79 229 Thng 10 192 72 1 26 12 115 Thng 11 22 5 13 125 138 11 Thng 12 6 4 42 38 1 12 C nm 1591 1617 1464 1425 1450 1197

+ Nng v bc x

Ch nng lin quan cht ch vi ch bc x v tnh trng my. Vo thng 3, tng lng bc x thp, bu tri u m, nhiu my nht trong nm nn s gi nng l t nht trong nm. Sang thng 4, tri m, s gi nng tng ln. Cc thng s c trng v nng ca khu vc nh sau:

- Tng s gi nng ca cc thng nm 2007 l: 1.372 gi - Thng c gi nng trung bnh ln nht (thng 7): 231 gi - Thng c gi nng trung bnh thp nht (thng 3): 4 gi + Bo v p thp nhit i Bo xut hin hng nm khng u, nm nhiu, nm t, tnh trung bnh trong 1

nm tnh Hi Dng chu nh hng ca 1 n 2 cn bo v p thp nhit i. C nm nhiu ti 5 cn bo nh nm 1963, 1973 v 1996. c bit lin tc t nm 1998 n nm 2002 khng c bo nh hng n Hi Dng. Ma bo nm 2006, Vit Nam chu nh hng ca 10 cn bo v 4 p thp nhit i trong c nhng cn bo mnh cp 12 trn cp 12 v Hi Dng chu nh hng gin tip ca 01 cn bo (cn bo s 3) nhng gi khng ln v ch xut hin ma sau khi bo suy yu thnh vng thp.

b. c im thy vn Nc thi ca nh my sau khi x l s thi ra mng thot nc pha sau d n,

mng ny s thot ra nhnh ca sng St nm v pha Ty cch d n khong 1km, sau nhnh sng ny s ra sng St qua ng Quc l 5, cch d n khong 2km v pha Nam ti thn Tn Ha, x Cm Phc.

c im ch thy vn ca sng St: Sng St nm l sng ni ng nm trong h thng thy li Bc Hng Hi, c dng

chy theo hng nghing ca a hnh l hng Ty Bc - ng Nam, nm pha Nam ca h thng Bc Hng Hi, c chiu di 19km, lng sng tng i hp t 25 30m, cao trnh y t 0,3 - 0,5m. y l mt nhnh sng tng i quan trng trong h thng Bc Hng Hi, c chc nng ti tiu kt hp, dng chy ca sng do con ngi iu tit. Tuy nhin do dc nh, a hnh thp, s tiu thot nc chm nn v ma ma bo khi c ma ln ko di thng d gy ng ngp cc b. in hnh l thng 7/2004 lng ma t ngy 20 n 24/7 lm nc cc sng Bc Hng Hi dng cao trn khu vc cc x Vnh Tuy, Thc Khng, Hng Thng, Long Xuyn, Trng Lit .v.v..

Ma ma, mc nc ca sng St o ti Hi Dng l Hmax = + 3m; Htb = + 2,5m 2,8m

Ma kh, mc nc o c l: Hmax = + 2m; Htb = + 1,6 1,7m 3. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin a. Cht lng mi trng khng kh nh gi cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc trin khai d n, ch D n phi hp vi c quan t vn l Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng - S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Hi Dng tin hnh ly mu, o c v phn tch cc ch tiu v mi trng khng kh xung quanh ca D n. Do D n nm gip vi ng Quc l 5A, nn trong qu trnh xy dng cng nh khi d n i vo hot ng, hot ng giao thng s l mt ngun gy nhim s nh hng n d n, mt khc hot ng ca D n cng gp phn lm tng mt giao thng trn ng, do lm tng ngun nhim mi trng khng kh v ting n. Qua phn tch trn ta c th xc nh v tr, s lng v cc ch tiu mi trng khng kh cn quan trc nh sau: - V tr quan trc: 5 im trong khu t ca d n; 1 im ti ng QL 5A - Kt qu phn tch cc thnh phn mi trng khng kh ti im ly mu xung quanh khu vc d n th hin trong bng 14 v bng 15 nh sau:

Bng 14. Kt qu o vi kh hu v ting n

Ngun: Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng tnh Hi Dng Ghi ch:

TCVN 5949 - 1998: Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c. Ngy quan trc: ...................

Nhn xt: T kt qu phn tch cc yu t vi kh hu trn v so snh vi TCVN 1949-1998 cho

thy cc yu t v vi kh hu ti khu vc trin khai D n cha b nhim. Tt c cc ch tiu nh nhit , m, tc gi, ting n u trong tiu chun cho php.

Bng 15. Kt qu phn tch hi kh c Ngun: Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng tnh Hi Dng Ghi ch:

TCVN 5937 - 2005: Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh, trung bnh 1 gi. Ngy quan trc: .................., ngy phn tch:.....................

Nhn xt: Qua kt qu phn tch ti bng trn cho thy cc ch tiu phn tch v mi trng

khng kh nn trong D n so vi TCVN 5937 2005 cha c du hiu b nhim. Cc ch tiu v bi v cc hi kh c nh: CO, SO2, NO2 u nh hn gii hn cho php. b. Cht lng mi trng nc Pha sau d n (hng Bc) l mng dn nc cho cnh ng thn Trng K, x Tn Trng, mng thot nc ny s chu nh hng t hot ng ca D n nn vic kho st cht lng nc ti nhnh mng ny l cn thit. Ngoi ra cht lng nc ngm cng c th b nh hng t qu trnh xy dng cng nh qu trnh hot ng ca D n: Nh vy nh gi cht lng mi trng nc ti khu vc thc hin D n, chng ti tin hnh ly mu cc ngun nc sau: + Mu nc ging khoan khu dn c ch Gh, cch d n 450m v pha Ty. + Mu nc mng pha sau d n Kt qu phn tch c trnh by trong cc bng di y:

Bng 16. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm Ghi ch:

QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm Ngy ly mu: ............................, ngy phn tch: ............................ Ng1: Mu nc ngm khoan nh ng...................

(ta 48UTM, ................................. Nhn xt: - Kt qu phn tch mu nc ngm (Ng1), ti thi im ly mu cho thy: + Ch tiu pH nm ngoi khong cho php; + Ch tiu Mn, coliform c gi tr cao hn tiu chun cho php;

+ Cc ch tiu phn tch cn li c nng t Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm (QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT)./.

Bng 17. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt khu vc d n

Ghi ch: - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt,

p dng mc. - Ngy ly mu........................, ngy phn tch: ............................... - Nm1: Mu nc mng pha ng d n

(ta 48UTM, ...................................... - Nm2: Mu nc mng cung tiu khu vc

(ta 48UTM, .................................. Nhn xt: Kt qu phn tch mu nc mt (Nm1& Nm2) ti thi im ly mu cho thy: Nng cc ch tiu phn tch u nh hn mc B1 cho php theo Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT) c. Ti nguyn thin nhin v h sinh thi Cc loi thc vt hin ti ca khu vc trin khai d n c th phn chia thnh nhiu nhm, nhiu loi gm la, ng, khoai, sn cc loi rau mu cho thn, l, c ht nh ci bp, , lc cc loi cy n qu gm mt, u , chanh, chui cy hoang di ph bin l cy bi, cc loi c thuc nhm hoa tho, go nc, sy lc, cc thc vt loi ni trn mt nc nh sen, sng, trang, dong nc, rau mc, bo ty

Cc loi ng vt trong khu vc hin nay gm nhm ng vt t nhin nh chut, rn, cc loi thu sinh trong h thng sng, ao, h Ngoi cc loi trn cn c cc loi gia sc, gia cm do ngi nng dn nui th nh tru, b, ln, g. II. iu kin kinh t - x hi x Tn Trng

CHNG 3 NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG

D n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000 tn/nm ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c c din tch 24.218,3m2 c thc hin ti thn Trng K, x Tn Trng, huyn Cm Ging. V tr d n thuc t thu li ca Cng ty C phn thng mi t vn xy dng Hong Hi nm cnh ng Quc l 5, khu t hon tt cng tc n b, gii phng v san lp mt bng. Nh vy vic d bo cc tc ng ti mi trng v xut cc bin php gim thiu thc hin theo cc giai on sau: - Giai on xy dng - Giai on hot ng ca nh my Cc tc ng ti mi trng ca d n da trn cc xem xt, phn tch, nh gi v c im cng ngh, v tr ca d n v cc iu kin v mi trng, t nhin, kinh t - x hi ca khu vc thc hin d n. Ni dung chi tit ca vic nh gi cc tc ng mi trng cho d n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000 tn/nm c trnh by di y. I. nh gi tc ng 1. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng a. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi

Trong giai on thi cng xy dng D n c cc ngun pht sinh cht thi gy ra cc tc ng mi trng n khu vc d n cng nh cc khu vc ln cn, bao gm:

Bng 18. Ngun pht sinh cht thi trong qu trnh xy dng d n

Ngun pht sinh cht thi Cc cht thi Cc yu t b tc ng

Qu trnh vn chuyn, bc d nguyn vt liu xy dng v b ph thi

- Bi - Kh thi c cha SO2, CO, CO2, NO2, Hydrocacbon - Rc thi xy dng - Ting n, rung

- Mi trng khng kh - Mi trng nc - Mi trng t - Sc khe ca ngi lao ng

Trn b tng Qu trnh thi cng xy lp Cc phng tin vn ti Cc thit b thi cng

Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn - Nc thi - Cht thi rn

- Mi trng nc - Mi trng t

Ngun gy tc ng ti mi trng khng kh Ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh trong qu trnh xy dng ch yu l bi

t v cc loi kh thi nh (SO2, NOx, CO,) do cc phng tin giao thng v my mc

thi cng xy dng gy nn. Vic tnh ton ti lng cht gy nhim da trn khi lng nguyn liu xy dng cn vn chuyn, s lng xe v lng nhin liu nhm d bo mc nhim v nh hng ca n n cht lng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng.

+ C s tnh ton lng bi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn Khi lng nguyn vt liu p ng cho xy dng c s h tng ca D n c tnh da trn tng din tch xy dng cc cng trnh nh nh xng, h thng giao thng, h thng cp thot nc, h thng in,... Khi lng nguyn vt liu xy dng cn vn chuyn c xc nh bng cng thc thc nghim sau:

M vlxd = S*d (tn) Trong : M: Khi lng vt liu xy dng (tn) S : Din tch xy dng c s h tng 11.216 m2. d : H s khi lng vt liu xy dng trung bnh 1,2 tn/m2.

M vlxd = 11.216 (m2) * 1,2 (tn/m2) = 13.460 tn Tng khi lng nguyn vt liu dng cho xy dng cc cng trnh c bn l

13.460 tn. Vi khi lng nh trn th s cn khong 673 lt xe t c ti trng 20 tn, s dng nhin liu l du diezel, nh vy trung bnh mt ngy s c khong 7 xe chuyn ch ra vo khu vc d n.

Trong qu trnh vn chuyn cc phng tin ny pht sinh ra lng bi tng i ln bao gm bi t mt ng, bi do nguyn vt liu ri vi v bi t qu trnh t chy nhin liu ca ng c t. Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO a ra h s pht sinh bi qun t mt ng nh sau:

Bng 24. D bo ti lng bi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn

Ngun pht sinh H s pht sinh

(bi ng nha, b tng 1000km)

Lng bi pht sinh (kg/1000km*xe)

Ti lng pht sinh trung bnh

(kg/ngy) Vn ti giao thng 3,7* f 952,6 0,95

Ngun WHO: nh gi cc ngun gy nhim t, nc, khng kh - Tp1, Generva, 1993. Ghi ch:

f: l h s pht sinh bi th cp khi xe chy trn ng c xc nh theo cng thc: f = v.M0,7.n0,5

Trong : - v : Vn tc trung bnh ca xe, v = 10 (km/h)

- M : Ti trng trung bnh ca xe, M = 20 (tn) - n : S bnh xe trung bnh, n = 20 chic/xe - S : Qung ng trung bnh, S = 1 km

Cc loi bi t c kch thc v t trng ln, kh pht tn i xa nn ch gy nhim cc b ti khu vc d n v trn cc tuyn ng vn chuyn. Tuy nhin cn c bin php thch hp gim thiu nh hng ti sc kho ngi lao ng ti cng trng.

Ngun pht sinh kh thi: Cc phng tin vn ti s dng ch yu l xng, du diezen. Trong qu trnh hot

ng nhin liu b t chy s thi ra mi trng lng khi thi kh ln cha cc cht nhim khng kh nh: bi khi, CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, hydrocacbon Mc pht thi cc cht nhim ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t nh nhit khng kh, vn tc xe chy, chiu di qung ng vn chuyn, loi nhin liu, cc bin php kim sot nhim. Theo T chc Y t th gii WHO, phng php d bo ti lng cc cht nhim i vi cc loi t s dng du diezen nh sau:

Bng 25. H s pht thi kh do 1 phng tin tham gia giao thng

Ch tiu H s

(kg/1000km) Qung ng

(km) Thi gian

(pht) S xe

(vo/ra) Lng pht thi

(g/pht) Bi 0,9 1 6 1 0,1500 SO2 4,15*S 1 6 1 0,0028 NOx 14,4 1 6 1 2,4000 CO 2,9 1 6 1 0,4833 HC 0,8 1 6 1 0,1333

Ngun WHO: nh gi cc ngun gy nhim t, nc, khng kh - Tp1, Generva, 1993. Ghi ch: S Hm lng % lu hunh c trong du, S = 0,4%

Bng 26. Lng kh pht thi v bi tng ng vi s xe vn chuyn

S xe Bi

(g/pht) SO2

(g/pht) NOX

(g/pht) CO

(g/pht) HC

(g/pht) 7 1,05 0,019 16,8 3,38 0,93

y l ngun gy tc ng ti mi trng khng kh, ng thi l nguyn nhn gy tc ng trc tip n h thng thot nc do hin tng lng ng bn cn v gy nh hng n cht lng nc mt khu vc.

Tuy nhin cc tc ng ny mang tnh cc b trong thi gian ngn. Do mt thi cng khng ln, nn cc tc ng t vic xy dng ti mi trng khng nhiu. Kt thc giai on thi cng, cc tc ng ny cng khng cn na.

nh gi tc ng Tc ng ca bi

Bi pht sinh t qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, qu trnh bc d, qu trnh thi cng xy dng nn mng, xy dng nh xng... Ngun gy nhim bi trong giai on ny thuc loi ngun mt, c tnh bin ng cao, thay i ty theo cng hot ng xy dng, hng v tc gi trong khu vc, m v nhit khng kh trong ngy. Thng thng bi pht sinh ban ngy nhiu hn ban m, kh kim sot, kh x l v kh xc nh theo nh lng nng v ti lng nhim. Bi tc ng n con ngi v ng vt ch yu qua ng h hp nh vim phi, hen suyn, lao phi. Tc ng n thc vt lm ngn cn qu trnh sinh trng... Tuy nhin phn ln loi bi ny u c kh nng lng tt, theo kinh nghim thc t ti cc cng trng xy dng, khi thi tit kh, vi phm vi 30m tnh t mp ng vn chuyn theo hng gi s l khu vc chu nh hng ca loi bi ny. Nh vy bi pht sinh t cc hot ng giao thng vn ti lm nh hng ti dn c sng ven ng theo cc tuyn ng vn chuyn (ng 5A), cng nhn lm vic ti cng trng v cc nh my khc xung quanh d n.

Tc ng ca cc kh thi t cc ng c t nhin liu Thnh phn ca kh thi bao gm cc kh sau: CO, SO2, NOx, HC. y l cc kh c c tnh cao i vi con ngi v ng vt. Cc Bo v mi trng Hoa K (USEPA) kt lun rng kh thi t phng tin giao thng s dng du diezel c kh nng gy ung th cho con ngi. Khong 30 cng trnh nghin cu dch t trn tng c nhn cho thy nguy c b ung th phi tng t 20-89% trong s nhng ngi c nghin cu. Cc kt qu nghin cu ca c quan khoa hc trong lnh vc y t cho thy nguy c ung th phi tng t 33 47% khi con ngi tip xc vi kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng trong thi gian di. [http://www.nea.gov.vn] Do s lng cc loi my mc/thit b v xe ti phc v qu trnh xy dng khng nhiu, hn na khu vc thc hin d n tng i thong gi, kh thi pht sinh nhanh chng c pha long vo mi trng xung quanh, do nhim kh thi trong qu trnh xy dng s khng ln, ch mang tnh cc b (trn phm vi cng trng) v tm thi (ch pht sinh trong giai on xy dng).

Ngun gy nhim mi trng nc

Nc thi sinh hot Nc thi sinh hot cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cht hu c (BOD), cc cht dinh dng (N,P) v vi sinh vt gy bnh Theo ti liu ca T chc Y t th gii WHO nghin cu v cng b cho thy ti lng cc cht nhim do mi ngi hng ngy thi vo mi trng nu khng x l c th hin nh sau:

Bng 27. Ti lng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi sinh hot (nh mc cho 1 ngi)

Cht nhim Khi lng

(g/ngi/ngy) BOD5 45 54 Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS) 170 220 Nitrat (NO3-) 6 12 Phosphat (PO43-) 0,6 4,5 Du m 0 30

Ngun: WHO - nh gi cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t, nc, khng kh - Tp I, Generva, 1993 Ti cng trng c khong 50 ngi tham gia xy dng, ti lng cc cht gy nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trong bng sau:

Bng 28. Ti lng cc cht gy nhim trong nc thi (Tnh cho 50 cng nhn)

TT Cht nhim Ti lng (kg/ngy)

1 BOD5 2,25 2,7

2 Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS) 8,5 11 3 Nitrat (NO3-) 0,3 0,6 4 Phosphat (PO43-) 0,03 0,225 5 Du m 0 1,5

Ngun: WHO - nh gi cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t, nc, khng kh - Tp I, Generva, 1993

Lu lng nc cp dng cho sinh hot ca cng nhn c tnh nh sau:

Bng 24. Lu lng nc dng cho cng nhn trong giai on xy dng

Loi nc S cng

nhn TCXDVN 33:2006

Lu lng nc

Nc cp cho cng nhn 50 ngi 80 lt/ngi.ngy 4 m3/ngy

Ghi ch: TCXDVN 33:2006: Tiu chun cp nc tnh theo u ngi (bng 3.1) Gi s 100% nc dng cho sinh hot ca cng nhn u thi ra mi trng th

lng nc thi pht sinh ly trung bnh s l 4 m3/ngy. Nng cc cht gy nhim c xc nh trong bng sau:

Bng 25. Nng cc cht gy nhim trong nc thi sinh hot

TT Cht nhim Tng ti lng (kg/ngy) Nng

(mg/l)

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT

Ct B 1

BOD5 562 675 60 9,4 11

2 Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS) 2125 2750 1200 1,8 2,3

3 Nitrat (NO3-) 75 150 60 1,25 2,5

4 Phosphat (PO43-) 7,5 56,25 12 0,6 4,7

5 Du m ng thc vt 0 375 24 0 15,6

Ghi ch: - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot - Ct B: p dng khi nc thi sinh hot thi vo cc ngun nc khng dng cho

mc ch cp nc sinh hot. Nhn xt: Nh vy, vi nng cao ca cc cht nhim, nu khng x l trit th nc thi sinh hot c th gy nh hng xu n ngun nc ca mng pha sau d n (ni tip nhn trc tip nc thi). Cc hp cht hu c d b xy ho sinh hc lm cho lng xy trong ngun nc b cn kit, nh hng n qu trnh h hp ca cc loi thy sinh. Cht dinh dng nit, pht pho to iu kin cho rong to pht trin, gy ra hin tng ph dng, lm mt cn bng sinh thi ca mng. Vic gy nhim mng tip nhn c th lm nh hng n cht lng ngun nc ti tiu cho cnh ng khu vc ny.

Nc ma chy trn (Cha tnh) Vo ma ma c nc ma chy trn trn b mt cng trng, lng nc ma chy trn ph thuc vo ch ma ca khu vc, theo s liu kh tng thu vn thi

gian c s trn ma ln ch tp trung vo mt vi thng, khi lng nc ma trong khu vc kh cao. Lng nc ma ri trc tip xung din tch cng trng c tnh ton theo cng thc:

Qma = A.F (m3/ng) Trong : A: Lng ma trung bnh cc thng xy dng ca khu vc, A= 0,313 m/thng F: Din tch khu vc xy dng (24.218,3 m2).

Kt qu tnh ton nh sau: Qma = 0,313* 24.218,3 = 7.580 m3/thng

Vi lng nc ma nh trn, trong qu trnh chy qua b mt khu t d n s ko theo mt lng ln t, ct xung sng, mng, to nn hin tng bi lng lng sng, cn tr dng chy. Lng t, ct tri theo nc ma c c tnh khong 0,3kg/m3 nc ma. Vy ti lng t ct c trong nc ma chy trn l:

m = Q * 0,3 kg/m3 = 7.580 m3/thng * 0,3 kg/m3 = 2274 kg/thng n v s c bin php thu hi ton b lng nc ma chy vo h thng cng, h ga thu cn tm hn ch t ct chy vo mng, sng khu vc d n.

Nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng nc c s dng trong khu lm va, c b

tng, ngoi ra cn c nc phun m ng chng bi. Lng nc thi pht sinh t. Thnh phn nhim chnh trong nc thi thi cng xy dng ch yu l t, ct thuc loi t c hi, d lng ng, tch t ngay trn cc tuyn thot nc thi cng tm thi. Nhn chung mc nh hng ca nc thi thi cng mc thp.

nh gi ngun gy nhim mi trng nc + Tc ng ca nc thi sinh hot Nc thi trong giai on ny ch yu pht sinh t qu trnh sinh hot ca cng

nhn lm vic trn cng trng. Theo tnh ton ti bng 18 (trang 33) cho thy nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi kh cao, nu khng x l trit s gy nh hng xu n mng thot nc khu vc nh my (ni tip nhn trc tip nc thi). Cc hp cht hu c d b xy ho sinh hc lm cho lng xy trong ngun nc b cn kit, nh hng n qu trnh h hp ca cc loi thy sinh. Cht dinh dng nit, pht pho to iu kin cho rong to pht trin, gy ra hin tng ph dng, lm mt cn bng sinh thi ca lu vc tip nhn. Vic gy nhim mng tip nhn c th nh hng n cht lng ngun nc ti tiu cho cnh ng khu vc ny.

+ Tc ng ca nc ma chy trn

Nc ma chy trn qua khu vc hot ng ca d n trong thi gian thi cng xy dng h tng cun theo t, ct, ximng v cc loi rc sinh hot theo dng chy gy st l b to ln hin tng bi lng lng sng, lm nhim ngun nc mt v nh hng n cc loi thy sinh trong lu vc.

Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh xy dng bao gm t, ct, si ri vi, xi

mng, vi va, cp pha, thp xy dng v cc loi vt liu xy dng khc. Ngoi ra cn mt lng cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn trn cng trng to ra.

Cht thi rn xy dng Nh d tnh trn, tng khi lng vt liu nh t, ct, st thp, ximng, si , copha... l 13.460 tn v ch khong 0,05% khi lng ny b ri vi trn cng trng, nh vy khi lng cht thi rn pht sinh trong sut qu trnh xy dng vo khong 6,73 tn.

Loi cht thi ny khng cha cc thnh phn nguy hi, khng b thi ra, khng to mi gy nhim mi trng. Hn na chng li c gi tr s dng vo cc mc ch sau: cp pha g dng lm cht t; gch v, vt liu xy dng ri vi dng san lp mt bng; v bao xi mng thu hi bn cho cc c s ti ch bao b, giy. iu ny s hn ch ti mc thp nht nhng nh hng ca cht thi ti mi trng khu vc.

Cht thi rn sinh hot c tnh trung bnh mi ngy mt ngi thi ra mt lng cht thi rn sinh hot l

0,3 0,5 kg/ngy, nh vy vi lng cng nhn tham gia hot ng trn cng trng l 50 ngi th khi lng rc thi pht sinh t cc cng on ny trong mt ngy s l 15 25 kg/ngy. Lng cht thi ny tuy khng nhiu xong nu khng thu gom hng ngy s gy nhim mi trng t, nc, khng kh v cnh quan trong cng trng v khu vc xung quanh. Khi rc thi vt ba bi trn mt t, di tc dng ca thi tit v vi khun, cc hp cht hu c b phn hy to thnh cc mi hi thi gy nhim mi trng khng kh. Trong nhng ngy c ma, nc ma s ko theo cc cht hu c xung mng, sng trong khu vc gy nhim ngun nc mt. b. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi

Ting n Do d n thu li t ca Cng ty C phn thng mi t vn xy dng Hong Hi

c san lp mt bng v xy hng ro bao quanh, nn nhng tc ng nh lm thay i h sinh thi hay thay i c cu s dng t xy ra trong qu trnh san lp mt bng m Cng ty Hong Hi tin hnh. Cn khi d n ny trin khai s c nhng tc ng sau khng lin quan n cht thi:

Ngun gy nhim ting n Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, mc n pht sinh ch yu do hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng xy dng nh my ng cc, my trn b tng, cc phng tin vn chuyn Mc gy n ca cc thit b c xc nh trong bng di y.

Bng 27. Mc n ti a t hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn v thit b thi cng c gii

TT Phng tin vn

chuyn v thit b thi cng c gii

Mc n cch ngun 1m (dBA)

Trung bnh

Mc n cch ngun 50m

(dBA)

Mc n cch ngun 100m

(dBA) 1 Xe ti 88 54 48 2 My khoan 87 53 47 3 My nn diezen 80 46 40 4 My ng cc b tng 75 41 35 5 Trm trn b tng 75 41 35 Tiu chun 12 ca B Y t 85 dBA

-

- TCVN 5949 - 1998 - 75 dBA Ngun: GS.TS Phm Ngc ng, Mi trng khng kh, Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut, H Ni 1997. Ghi ch:

+ Tiu chun 12 ca B Y t ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT, tiu chun ny quy nh ting n cho php ti cc v tr lm vic trong mi trng lao ng.

+ TCVN 5949-1998: Tiu chun mc n ti a cho php khu vc cng cng v khu dn c.

* Tc ng ca ting n Ting n pht sinh trong giai on ny ch yu t cc xe vn chuyn t ct, nguyn vt liu xy dng ra vo cng trng v t cc loi my hot ng trong cng trng ... Theo bng 27 cho thy: mc n ngay ti hu ht cc ngun pht sinh u nm di mc tiu chun cho php (Tiu chun 12 ca B Y t) quy nh v ting n ti cc v tr lm vic trong mi trng lao ng; kh nng lan truyn ting n ca mi ngun n l khng xa v t khong cch 50m, mc n t tiu chun quy nh (TCVN 5949 - 1998). Nh vy vi tng ngun n ring l th khng gy ra nhim mi trng lm vic v mi trng xung quanh. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh lm vic, mc n ti mi im l cng hp ca nhiu ngun n khc nhau, v vy kh nng gy nhim ting n l kh

cao. Ting n cao c th gy nh hng xu n sc khe ca con ngi nh: lm gim kh nng nghe, gy cc bnh v thn kinh.

Rung ng: rung pht sinh do qu trnh o, xc t v hot ng ca cc thit b thi

cng xy dng. Cc hot ng to nn rung ln trn cng trng gm c: + Ba my 8 tn vi nng lng ng khong 48 KJ c th to ra rung 12,9

mm/s khong cch 10 m. + Thit b nn nn t c nng lng 30 KJ c th to ra rung 4,3 mm/s

khong cch 10 m. + Ba my diezel ng c th to ra rung 7 mm/s khong cch 10m.

* nh gi tc ng rung thng xuyn s gy mt mi i vi thn kinh ca ngi lao ng;

rung t 5,0 mm/s tr ln c th tc ng xu ti s n nh ca cc cng trnh xy dng. Tuy nhin, trong khu vc d n khng c cc cng trnh xy dng kin c nn tc ng ca rung n cc cng trnh xy dng l khng ng k.

Cc rung ng pht sinh do hot ng ca h thng thit b thi cng trn cng trng ch tc ng trong khu vc thi cng, nh hng ti cng nhn trn cng trng cc khong cch 15 m t ngun pht sinh. Khu dn c ngoi hng ro khu vc d n u khong cch trn 500 m nn s khng b nh hng bi rung pht sinh t cc thit b thi cng xy dng d n..

Cc tc ng khc - Khi d n c trin khai, c cu s dng t ca vng v khu vc ln cn s

thay i: qu t dng cho sn xut nng nghip s c chuyn vo s dng cho mc ch cng nghip, giao thng.

- C cu kinh t ca khu vc thay i do ngnh ngh sn xut ca 1 b phn ngi dn b mt t sn xut nng nghip chuyn sang lm vic sn xut ca cc ngnh kinh t khc.

- Qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu s gp phn lm tng mt hot ng giao thng lm nh hng n qu trnh tham gia giao thng ca ngi dn khu vc, nh hng n cht lng cc tuyn ng m cc xe vn chuyn vt liu xy dng chy qua.

- Tp qun sinh sng ca ngi dn khu vc b thay i. - H sinh thi khu vc v iu kin vi kh hu ca khu vc b nh hng do a hnh

ca khu vc thay i. c. i tng b tc ng

Bng 31. i tng b tc ng

Ngun gy tc ng

Cht thi pht sinh i tng b tc ng

Xy dng cc cng trnh

Nc thi xy dng, nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn, CTR xy dng, CTR sinh hot, r lau du m, kh thi, bi t my mc thi cng v t vn chuyn, bi t ct

- Mng trong khu vc d n - Ngi dn xung quanh khu vc d n - Hot ng v an ton giao thng trong khu vc d n - Mi trng t v nc ngm trong khu vc d n - Cc cng trnh xung quanh D n

2. nh gi cc ngun tc ng n mi trng trong qu trnh sn xut a. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi xc nh cc ngun pht sinh v thnh phn ca cht thi do qu trnh hot ng ca nh my, da trn c s phn tch c trng cng ngh sn xut, cc nguyn nhin liu u vo, trn c s cc ngun pht sinh v thnh phn cht thi c nhn dng nh sau:

Bng 32. Ngun pht sinh cht thi v cc yu t b tc ng TT Cc cng on Cht nhim Cc yu t b tc ng

1 Phng tin vn chuyn

Bi, kh CO, CO2, SO2, ting n

Mi trng khng kh

2 Cng on lm sch

Ting n, bi kim loi Mi trng khng kh

3 Cng on ko kh v ko t

Nhit, Ting n, Bi, du ko, cht thi rn

Mi trng khng kh

4 Cng on ty ra v m

Hi axit, nc thi Mi trng khng kh

Mi trng nc

5 Chut bng Ting n, Bi kim loi Mi trng khng kh 6 Xp lp chnh xc Ting n Mi trng khng kh

8 Qu trnh ng gi, xut xng

Cht thi rn, bi, ting n

nhim mi trng khng kh, ting n, cht thi rn

9 Hot ng cc ng c

Ting n nhim mi trng khng kh

10 Hot ng sinh Nc thi, cht thi rn nhim mi trng nc

hot ca cng nhn Mi trng t

Ngun gy nhim n mi trng khng kh: Ngun pht sinh cc cht nhim mi trng khng kh bao gm:

Ngun gy nhim t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti Khi Nh my i vo hot ng, nhim mi trng khng kh do cc phng tin

vn chuyn cc nguyn ph liu v sn phm l 15.000 tn, trong 9.000 tn l nguyn ph liu v 6.000 tn l sn phm dy hn. Ton b khi lng trn c vn chuyn bng t c ti trng 10 tn vi s xe vn chuyn l 5 xe/ngy. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn ra vo nh my s gy nn nhim bi v kh thi cho khu vc, tc ng ny ch yu l do qu trnh t chy nhin liu l du diezel gy nn. Thnh phn chnh ca cc loi kh thi ny bao gm CO2, CO, NOx, hydrocacbon, hi xng du. Mc nhim ph thuc vo cht lng ng, mt xe, lu lng dng xe, cht lng phng tin v lng nhin liu tiu th. c tnh ti lng cc cht nhim (bi v kh thi) da vo h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) a ra nh sau:

Bng 33. Ti lng cht nhim i vi xe ti chy trn cc loi ng

Cht nhim

Ti lng cht nhim theo ti trng xe (g/km) Ti trng xe < 3,5 tn Ti trng xe 3,5 - 16 tn

Trong TP

Ngoi TP

ng Cao tc

Trong TP

Ngoi TP

ng Cao tc

Bi 0,2 0,15 0,3 0,9 0,9 0,9 SO2 1,16*S 0,84*S 1,3*S 4,29*S 4,15*S 4,15*S NO2 0,7 0,55 1,0 11,8 14,4 14,4 CO 1,0 0,85 1,25 6,0 2,9 2,9 VOC 0,15 0,4 0,4 2,6 0,8 0,8

Ngun: WHO - nh gi cc ngun gy nhim t, nc, khng kh - Tp 1 - Generva 1993. Ghi ch: S l % hm lng lu hunh trong du (0,4%) VOC: Cht hu c d bay hi Cc iu kin tnh ton: + Ti trng trung bnh ca xe: 10 tn/xe + S lt xe ra Nh my trong mt ngy: 5 lt xe/ngy + Phm vi nh hng ca cc xe vn chuyn trong khong bn knh 0,5 km

Nh vy vi cc iu kin tnh ton nh trn th ti lng nhim bi, kh CO, SO2, NOx, VOC do cc phng tin vn chuyn c xc nh trong bng sau:

Bng 34. Ti lng cc cht kh nhim do t vn chuyn

TT Ch tiu H s

(kg/1000km) Qung ng

(km) Thi gian

(pht) S xe

(vo/ra)

Lng pht thi (g/pht)

1 Bi 0,9 0,5 6 5 0,375 2 SO2 4,15*S 0,5 6 5 0,007 3 NOx 14,4 0,5 6 5 6,000 4 CO 2,9 0,5 6 5 1,208 5 HC 0,8 0,5 6 5 0,333

y l ngun gy tc ng ti mi trng khng kh xung quanh do hot ng ca cc ng c t. Cc ngun thi ny khng lin tc v s c kim sot khi i nh my i vo hot ng

Bi pht sinh t qu trnh lm sch v vut dy Bi pht sinh do qu trnh lm sch dy thp bng cc puly co r v sng phun hi

p lc, qu trnh vut dy t cc kch c ln 56,5 xung cc kch c nh hn. Cc qu trnh ny u pht sinh bi kim loi, vi bi c kch thc ln u ri ngay trn b mt, cn bi c kch thc nh pht tn vo mi trng. Theo kt qu o kim cht lng mi trng nm 2007 v nm 2008 ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c ti phn xng vut dy nh sau: TT V tr quan trc Bi ton phn (mg/m3) Bi h hp (mg/m3)

Nm 2007 1 KV my vut dy 4 cc 1,58 0,82 2 KV my vut dy 5 cc 1,74 0,85 3 KV my vut dy 8 cc 1,18 0,65 Nm 2008 1 KV my vut dy 4 cc 2,18 1,25 2 KV my vut dy 5 cc 2,25 1,28 3 KV my vut dy 6 cc 2,28 1,32 TC 3733/2002/Q-BYT 4,00 2,00

Nh vy ti thi im ly mu, nng bi ton phn v bi h hp ti cc khu vc my vut dy u nm trong gii hn tiu chun 3733/2002/Q-BYT.

Hi axit pht sinh t qu trnh ty ra v m

Nh my s dng dung dch H2SO4 cho cng on ty ra du cho qu trnh ko t v qu trnh m. Trong qu trnh m, dung dch axit c dng lm mi trng cho qu trnh in phn, y l mt axt tng i mnh, bn thn n khng b in phn, khng b bay hi, m trong b m ch xy ra qu trnh in phn ion kim loi (Cu2+) thnh kim loi Cu bm vo b mt dy, cn nc b in phn thnh oxi bay ln, trong qu trnh cc bt kh ca oxi bay ln cun theo cc phn t axit, lm pht tn hi axit trong mi trng khng kh. Di y l phn ng ha hc:

2CuSO4 + 2H2O = 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1) Vi lng tiu hao ha cht hng ngy nh sau:

TT Loi ha cht Lng ha cht

tiu hao (kg/ngy) S mol O2 theo phng trnh phn ng (mol)

1 CuSO4 122 0,38

Lng kh Oxi sinh ra c tnh ton theo cc phng trnh phn ng (1) v da vo khi lng ha cht tiu hao, ta tnh c lng Oxi bay ln l: 0,38(mol). Gi s lng xi bay ln s cun theo lng axit tng ng bay ln v lng axit cun theo l:

nH2SO4 = nO2 = 0,38 (mol) mH2SO4 = 1,145 (kg/ngy)

Nh vy ti cng on m sn phm, nhim mi trng khng kh ch yu l hi axit pht sinh do qu trnh m, tuy nhin ti mi b m u lp t h thng chp ht hi axit, nn mc nh hng l khng ng k. Theo kt qu o kim tra mi trng nh k nm 2007 v 2008 ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c ti phn xng sn xut dy hn nh sau:

TT im ly mu Hi kh c H2SO4 (mg/m3 KK)

Nm 2007 Nm 2008 1 Khu vc my m dy 1 0,88 - 2 Khu vc my m dy 2 1,75 - 3 Khu vc my m dy 3 - 0,88 4 Khu vc my m dy 4 - - TC 3733/2002/Q-BYT 2 2

Ghi ch: TC 3733/2002/Q-BYT: Tiu chun hi kh c trong khng kh vng lm vic, p dng mt ln ti a.

Nh vy ti thi im o nng hi axit cc v tr o u nm trong tiu chun cho php theo TC 3733/2002/Q-BYT.

nh gi tc ng - Bi: Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca Nh my bao gm bi v c do phng tin giao thng v qu trnh lm sch, chut bng dy kim loi. Thng bi c kch thc rt nh, nh s chuyn ng ca khng kh trong kh quyn m c th phn tn trong mt din rng. Bi c c trng bng thnh phn ho hc, thnh phn khong, cng nh phn b kch thc ht. Bi gy ra nhiu tc hi cho con ngi, ng vt v thc vt qua ng h hp, gy ra bnh bi phi, bnh vim ph qun v gy suy h hp. Ngoi ra chng cn gy ph nim mc mt. Vi thc vt, bi bm ln l cy lm gim kh nng quang hp ca cy. Gii hn cho php nng bi l lng trong khu vc sn xut theo TC 3733-2002/Q-BYT l 6mg/m3, trong khng kh xung quanh v khu vc dn c theo TCVN 5937-2005 l 300 m/m3. - Kh thi + Tc nhn SO2 SO2 l kh khng mu, c v cay, mi kh chu. Pht sinh nhiu cc khu vc s dng nhin liu c thnh phn ca lu hunh v cc ngnh cng nghip ha cht lin quan n H2SO4. Cc triu chng xut hin khi b ng c: tc ngc, au u, nn ma v c th dn n t vong. Ngoi ra SO2 cn tc dng vi hi nc trong mi trng khng kh m to thnh axit H2SO4, khi ma xung c th ph hy cc cng trnh cng nh cc vt dng bng kim loi v cc vt liu bng vi, hoa, phin

Bng 35. Tc ng ca SO2 i vi ngi v ng vt Gii hn ca c tnh 30 - 20 mg SO2/m3 Kch thch ng h hp, ho 50 mg SO2/m3 Liu nguy him sau khi ht th (30 - 60 pht) 260 - 130 mg SO2/m3 Liu gy cht nhanh (30 - 60 pht) 1300 - 1000 mg SO2/m3

- Tc nhn NOx Trong cc loi oxit ca nit th ch c ba loi N2O, NO, NO2 l c to thnh vi s lng khng d on c trong kh quyn. Thng thng, NO v NO2 c kim tra v c gi chung l NOx: + NO l mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi, c to thnh do s t chy nhin liu. N c oxi ha thnh NO2 bng phn ng quang ha th cp trong mi trng khng kh nhim.

+ NO2 l mt cht kh c mi hng gy kch thch v c th pht hin c nng 0,12ppm. N hp th nh sng mt tri v to thnh hng lot cc phn ng quang ha hc. Mt lng nh NO2 c th c pht hin tng xo trn (di tng bnh lu). NO2 c to ra t s oxi ha NO ca ozone, c thi ra t s t nhin liu v cc nh my sn xut axit nitric - Tc nhn CO L cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v v c i lc mnh vi hemoglobin trong mu. Hn hp hemoglobin vi CO lm gim hm lng xi lu chuyn trong mu v nh vy t bo con ngi s thiu xi. Cc triu chng xut hin khi con ngi b ng c CO nh: h hp kh khn, au u, hn m v c th dn n t vong khi nng CO trong khng kh vo khong 250 ppm. Gii hn ti a cho php ca nng CO trong khng kh ti ni lm vic (tip xc trc tip) l 40 mg/m3. Kh CO cn c tc dng kim ch s h hp ca t bo thc vt nn khi tp chung nng cao n s gy tc hi cho cy ci. - Tc nhn CO2 CO2 l mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng chy, v cht, d ho lng do nn, t trng d = 1,53, nhit si TS = -780C. Bnh thng CO2 trong khng kh chim t l thch hp c tc dng kch thch trung tm h hp lm thc y qu trnh h hp ca sinh vt, tuy nhin nu nng CO2 trong khng kh ln ti 50 - 60 mg/m3 th s lm ngng h hp sau 30 - 60 pht.

Bng 36. Tc ng ca CO2 i vi con ngi TT Nng % Tc hi 1 0,5 Kh chu v h hp 2 1,5 Khng th lm vic c 3 3 - 6 C th nguy him n tnh mng 4 8 - 10 Nhc u, ri loi thi rc, mt tri gic, ngt th 5 10 - 30 Ngt th ngay, th chm, tim p yu 6 35 Cht ngi

- Cc hp cht hu c bay hi Cc hp cht hu c bay hi u tn ti dng cc hydrocacbon v cc dn sut

gm 3 loi (no, khng no, mch vng). Cc hp cht hu c ny bay hi theo pha kh c th k ra y l xylen, toluen, benzen. Ty thuc vo khi lng phn t m cc cht ny c th tn ti th rn, lng hay kh iu kin nhit thng. Hn hp cc kh ny vi khng kh hoc oxy theo t l nht nh c th to thnh hp cht n. Ni chung hi ca

cc hp cht ny u c vi c th c bit l cc hydrocacbon thm c th gy d ng da, suy h hp v c th gy ung th.

- Tc nhn hi axit: Thc t axit H2SO4 khng bay hi, nhng trong qu trnh in ha cc b m din ra qu trnh in phn mui sunfat v nc s to ra kh oxi bay ln, cc bt kh ny s cun theo mt s phn t axit, y l nguyn nhn lm hi axit pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut. Tc ng ca axit n sc khe ca con ngi l rt nguy him, nu con ngi ht phi hi axit s gy tn thng phi, kh qun, hng, mi; c th gy ph n phi. Nu nut phi c th gy phng nng cho ming, hng, thc qun, d dy v dn ti t vong, gy au hng, i ma, tiu chy, ri lon tun hon, da lnh, mch yu v nhanh, th nng v b tiu. Khi ng phi axit s gy phng da, ri lon tun hon.... Khi tip xc vi mt: n s gy mt, xt, phng cc m mt; c th gy m la.

Ngun gy nhim mi trng nc Nc thi sn xut

Qu trnh sn xut dy hn c s dng n nc cc cng on sau: - Nc lm mt khun cng on ko kh vi khi lng 2 m2, lng nc ny

c tun hon lin tc, nn khng thi ra ngoi. - Nc dng pha vi du ko trong cng on ko t l 250 lt/1 b, sau 5

ngy s thi b 1/3 lng nc v cn trong b vo khu vc tp trung thu x l. - Nc dng ra thnh phm sau qu trnh lm sch v m vi khi lng

4m3/2 b, sau 5 ngy s thay nc. - Nc dng trong b m l 250 lt/b, sau 10 ngy s thay th mt phn nc v

cn trong b m - Nc dng cho b trung ha sau qu trnh m: 2 m2/b Ton b nc dng cho qu trnh sn xut trn u c s dng t 5 n 10 ngy

mi thay th. Tng lng nc pht sinh trong mt ngy khong 2 m3/ngy. Thnh phn nc thi loi ny c pH nh do s dng nhiu axit H2SO4, gc SO42, Cu2+ Ton b lng nc ny c thu gom vo b cha v x l t tiu chun mi trng TCVN 5945-2005 loi B trc khi thi ra thy vc tip nhn.

Nc thi sinh hot Tiu chun dng nc cho n ung sinh hot ca 148 ngi trong nh my c

tnh theo TCXDVN 33:2006 (bng 3.1) l 80 lt/ngi.ngy. Lng nc thi pht sinh tnh bng 80% lng nc cp:

Qnt = 80% * 60 ngi * 80 lt/ngi.ngy = 3840 lt/ngy Nh vy lng nc thi pht sinh trong ngy ly d l 4 m3

Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO ti bng 23 trang 35 ta tnh c ti lng v nng ca cc cht nhim c trong nc thi sinh hot nh sau:

Bng 32. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot

Thng s Ti lng cc cht nhim (kg/ngy) BOD5 2,7 3,24

Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS) 10,2

13,2 Nitrat (NO3-) 0,36

0,72 Phosphat (PO43-) 0,036

0,27 Du, m 0 1,8

Bng 33. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot

Thng s Nng cc cht nhim

(mg/l)

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT

Ct B

S ln vt tiu chun

(ln) BOD5 643 771 60 10,7 12,8 Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS) 2429 3143 1200 2,02 2,62 Nitrat (NO3-) 85,7 171 60 1,42 2,85 Phosphat (PO43-) 8,57 64 12 5,3 Du, m ng thc vt 0 429 24 0 17

Ghi ch: - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot. - Ct B: p dng khi nc thi sinh hot thi vo cc ngun nc khng dng cho

mc ch cp nc sinh hot. Nhn xt: Loi nc thi ny c hm lng cc cht nhim cao hn tiu chun cho php. Nu

thi trc tip vo ngun tip nhn, s gy nhim mi trng, nh hng n cc loi ng thc vt sng di nc (tm, cua, c, sinh vt ph du,), gy hin tng ph dng v lm mt cn bng sinh thi thy vc tip nhn.

Mt khc ti lu vc tip nhn cn l ni sinh sng ca nhiu loi vi khun gy bnh v cc cn trng nh rui, mui, chng l nhng sinh vt trung gian trong vic truyn nhim v gy bng pht dch bnh. Ngoi ra, mi hi thi bc ln t lu vc s lm nhim mi trng khng kh trong khu vc.

Nc ma chy trn

Vo nhng khi tri ma, nc ma chy trn qua khu vc ca Nh my s cun theo t, ct, cht cn b, du m xung knh mng ca khu vc, lm tng c ca nc mng xung quanh. Nu lng nc ny khng c qun l tt s gy tc ng xu n ngun nc mt, nc ngm v i sng thu sinh trong khu vc.

tnh lu lng nc ma chy trn trn khu vc ca d n, chng ti s dng phng php tnh ton thu lc h thng thot nc ma theo cch tnh cng gii hn ca tc gi Trn Vit Lin

Q = q.F. (l/s) Trong : Q - Lu lng tnh ton (l/s) q - Cng ma tnh ton (l/s.ha) F - Din tch lu vc thot nc ma (F = 2,42183 ha) - H s dng chy, ly trung bnh bng 0,6 Cng ma tnh ton, tnh theo cng thc:

(20+b)n x q20(1+c.lgP) q = ------------------------------

(t+b)n Vi :

q: Cng ma tnh ton (l/s.ha). P: Chu k ngp lt (nm), ly P = 5 q20, b, c, n: i lng ph thuc c im kh hu ti a phng thuc tnh Hi Dng c cc h s sau:

+ q20: L cng ma trong thi gian 20 pht, q20 = 275,1. + V cc h s: b = 15,52; c = 0,2587; n = 0,7794

t = t1 + t2 pht (thi gian tnh ton) + t1 = 5 pht (thi gian tp trung nc ma t im xa nht n rnh) + t2 = m, l/60, v pht (thi gian trong ng n tit din tnh ton)

m = 2 khi a hnh ca lu vc thot nc ma dc i < 0,01 v m = 1,2 i vi a hnh c lu vc thot nc ma dc i > 0,03, (Theo iu 2,2,11 TCXD 51:1984). T cc s liu trn tnh c cng ma l 440 l/s.ha

Lu lng nc ma trn din tch mt bng ca Nh my l Q = 440 * 2,42183 * 0,6 = 639 (l/s)

Nh vy lu lng nc ma trn mt bng Nh my l tng i ln, vic tnh ton lng nc ma nhm mc ch phc v vic tnh ton h thng thot nc ma ma. Nu cc tuyn cng thot nc c bn cn lng ng nhiu th khi nc ma thot khng kp s gy ng ngp tc thi. Nc ma v nc thi trn ln, chy theo b mt, cun theo cc cht c hi gy nhim mi trng xung quanh.

Ti lng cht nhim: Lng cht bn tch t trong nc ma c xc nh theo cng thc:

G = Mmax * [1 - exp (-kz * T)] * F (kg) Trong : Mmax : Lng bi tch lu ln nht trong khu vc, 50 kg/ha. kz : H s ng hc tch lu cht bn khu vc, kz = 0,3 ng-1. T : Thi gian tch lu cht bn, T = 15 ngy. F : Din tch lu vc thot nc ma, 2,42183 ha. Vy ti lng cht nhim trong nc ma l:

G = 50 * [1 - exp (-0,3*15)] * 2,42183 = 120 (kg) Nh vy lng cht bn tch t trong khong 15 ngy khu vc Nh my kh ln, thnh phn ch yu l t, ct. Lng cht bn ny s c lng ti cc h ga thu nc ma. Phn cn li theo nc ma chy xung cc sng, mng trong khu vc v lng tip ti . nh hng ca nc ma t khu vc Nh my ch yu l gp phn gy bi lng lng sng, mng trong khu vc v cn tr dng chy.

nh gi tc ng - Tc ng ca nc thi Nc thi pht sinh trong qu trnh m kim loi cha hm lng cc kim loi nng cao v l c cht i vi sinh vt, gy tc hi xu n sc khe con ngi. Nhiu cng trnh nghin cu cho thy, vi nng ln, sinh vt c th b cht hoc thoi ha, vi nng nh c th gy ng c mn tnh hoc tch t sinh hc, nh hng n s sng ca sinh vt v lu v di. Do , nc thi t cc qu trnh m kim loi, nu khng c x l, qua thi gian tch t v bng con ng trc tip v gin tip, chng s tn ng trong c th con ngi v gy cc bnh nghim trng nh vim lot da, vim ng h hp, eczima, ung th, ... - Tc ng ca nc thi sinh hot Nc thi sinh hot cha nhiu cht hu c d phn hy sinh hc, s nhim do cc cht hu c s dn n suy gim nng oxy ho tan trong nc do vi sinh vt s dng oxy ho tan phn hu cht hu c. Oxy ho tan gim s khin cho cc loi thu

sinh trong thy vc thiu oxy sinh sng. Ngoi ra, y cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng ph dng ngun nc. - Tc ng ca nc ma chy trn Nc ma chy trn ko theo bi t mi nh, t ct t sn bi, ng i lm suy gim cht lng nc mt trong khu vc. Nc ma chy trn khi x vo h thng ao h, rung mng, sng ngi s gy ngp ng, lm gim v cht cc loi thy sinh trong lu vc nc.

Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn ch yu l phoi kim loi, cc loi bao b, bn cn v cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi rn sn xut - Cht thi rn l phoi kim loi do qu trnh vut ko t kch thc ln xung cc kch thc nh ca dy hn, v cc dy kim loi b li sau khi ko kh, chut bng v xp lp chnh xc vi khi lng pht sinh l 100 tn/nm.

- Cht thi rn l bao b ng ha cht c chia thnh cc loi sau: + Bao b ng CuSO4.5H2O: Mi nm Nh my nhp khong 1752 bao

(25kg/1bao), lng v bao pht sinh l: 1752 v bao/nm x 0,2 kg/v bao = 350,4 kg/nm + Thng phi cha bt ko v du ko: vi s lng l 156 thng (250kg/thng) + Bnh thy tinh ng dung dch axit H2SO4: vi s lng l 2280 bnh (20

kg/bnh). + Cht thi rn l hp giy cacton, mng PE bao gi b rch

- Cht thi rn l bn cn ti cc b ty ra v m - Ngoi ra cn c cht thi rn nguy hi l

Cht thi rn sinh hot Lng cht thi rn sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin trong nh my thi ra, thnh phn bao gm cc loi vn phng phm qua s dng, thc phm tha c xc nh cn c vo: - Lng cn b cng nhn ca nh my l 60 ngi. - Lng cht thi rn bnh qun l: 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy. - T trng rc l: 0,43 tn/m3. Nh vy tng lng cht thi rn sinh hot thi ra trong ngy s l:

Qrc thi = 60 (ngi) x 0,5 (kg/ngi/ngy) = 30 kg/ngy. Hay Qrc thi = 30 (kg/ngy) : 0,43 tn/m3 = 2,1 m3/ngy.

nh gi tc ng Cht thi rn sn xut

- i vi ph thi kim loi: c nu khng thu gom vo nhng khu vc c che chn s b tc ng ca cc yu t t nhin tc ng nh nng, ma b xy ha lm nh hng ti mi trng khng kh, t, nc

- i vi cht thi rn l loi cht thi nguy hi nh v thng ng ha cht, bn thi, cc loi gi lau dnh du m, du thi v sinh my mc thit b theo nh k. Ton b loi cht thi ny u c thu gom a i x l theo quy nh v x l cht thi nguy hi, nn khng c tc ng ln n cht lng mi trng khu vc.

- i vi con ngi: khi cng nhn tip xc vi du m, axit m khng c cc thit b bo h lao ng trong mt thi gian di s b xm nhp qua ng h hp, qua da gy ra cc bnh v ng h hp v c th gy ung th da.

Cht thi rn sinh hot - Cht thi sinh hot c cha nhiu cc cht hu c d phn hu sinh hc, trong iu kin nng m nhit cao cht thi ny phn hu rt nhanh gy ra cc mi kh chu, thu ht rui, chut v cc vi trng gy hi sinh si ny n gy cc bnh cho cng nhn, mt m quan khu vc nh my, lm nhim mi trng.

- Cc cht l lng ti cc h ga thu gom nc ma, ch yu dng bn. Cht thi ny s gy tc h thng thot nc, gy bi lng thy vc v gy ra nhim ngun nc. b. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi

Ting n Ting n pht sinh t dy chuyn sn xut dy hn ch yu do hot ng ca b phn vut dy, b phn m, khu vc xp lp... Ngoi ra ting n do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti ra vo nh my cng l mt ngun gy nn mc n ln. Tuy nhin, mc n ti cc v tr xung quanh v khu dn c khng b nh hng bi ting n do hot ng sn xut ca Nh my gy ra.

C th tham kho mc gy n do cc thit b c ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c ti cc khu vc c cng ngh sn xut tng t nh sau :

Bng 38. Mc n gy ra mt s cng on sn xut dy hn

TT V tr o Mc n (dBA)

I B phn vut dy 1 Khu vc my vut 4 cc 85

2 Khu vc my vut 6 cc 86

3 Khu vc my vut 5 cc 87

II B phn dy hn 1 My vut dy hn kh 84

2 Khu vc m s 1 85

3 Khu vc my xp lp 84

TCVN 3733 2002/BYT Q 85,0 Ngun: Trung tm Y t - Mi trng lao ng cng nghip , 3/2008

T bng mc n thc t trn cho thy mc n tng i cao hu ht cc v tr, c bit l ti v tr ca cc my vut dy u c mc n ln vt tiu chun cho php ca TC 3733-2002/Q-BYT (Tiu chun vi kh hu vng lm vic). Nhn thc c mc gy n v hiu qu sn xut ca cc thit b my mc c, nn Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c s u t trang thit b my mc tin tin v mi hon ton nn gim ng k mc gy n ra mi trng.

* nh gi tc ng ca ting n Mc n cao hn tiu chun cho php s gy nh hng ti sc kho ca ngi lao

ng cng nh gy mt ng, mt mi, gy tm l kh chu. Mc n cao cn lm gim nng sut lao ng, sc kho ca cn b, cng nhn trong khu vc sn xut. Tip xc vi ting n c cng ln trong thi gian di s lm cho thnh lc gim st, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip.

Theo thng k ca B Y t v Vin nghin cu Khoa hc K thut Bo h lao ng ca Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam th ting n gy nh hng xu ti hu ht cc b phn trong c th con ngi. Tc ng ca ting n i vi c th con ngi cc di tn khc nhau c th hin c th qua bng 37.

Bng 37. Cc tc hi ca ting n i vi sc kho con ngi Mc n (dBA) Tc ng n ngi nghe

0 Ngng nghe thy 100 Bt u lm bin i nhp p ca tim 110 Kch thch mnh mng nh 120 Ngng chi tai

130 135 Gy bnh thn kinh, nn ma, lm yu xc gic v c bp 140 au chi tai, gy bnh mt tr, in 145 Gii hn cc i m con ngi c th chu c ting n 150 Nu nghe lu s b thng mng nh

160 Nu nghe lu s nguy him

190 Ch cn nghe trong thi gian ngn b nguy him

Tuy nhim nhim ting n mang tnh cht cc b, tc ng trc tip n cng nhn lm vic trong nh my l ch yu, mc nh hng ca ting n do hot ng ca nh my n khu vc xung quanh l khng ng k.

nhim nhit Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my sn xut dy hn, nhit pht sinh ch yu

cng on my ko kh v nhit ta ra t c th ngi lao ng.... km theo c im kh hu nhit i to nn nhit khng kh cao trong khu vc sn xut.

Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng lm vic s nh hng n sc khe ngi cng nhn lao ng trc tip, lm cho qu trnh trao i cht trong c th cng nhn sn sinh ra nhiu nhit sinh hc hn. Nu kh nng thch ng ca c th ngi lao ng khng trung ho cc nhit d th gy ra trng thi mt mi, lm tng kh nng gy chn thng v c th xut hin du hiu lm sng ca bnh do nhit cao. Trong iu kin phi lm vic thi gian di nhit cao s gy ri lon cc hot ng sinh l ca c th v gy nh hng trc tip n h thn kinh trung ng. Nu qu trnh ny ko di c th dn n bnh au u kinh nin.

Cc tc ng khc - Qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v sn phm s gp phn lm tng mt

hot ng giao thng, lm nh hng n qu trnh tham gia giao thng ca ngi dn khu vc, nh hng n cht lng cc tuyn ng m cc xe vn chuyn vt liu xy dng chy qua.

- An ninh, trt t x hi b nh hng do tp trung mt s lng ln cng nhn trong khu vc

- Tp qun sinh sng ca ngi dn khu vc b thay i c. i tng b tc ng

Trong cc giai on ny, cc yu t tc ng n mi trng bao gm: Bi, kh thi, ting n, nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn, cht thi rn sinh hot, cht thi rn nguy hi

TT Ngun gy tc ng

Cht thi pht sinh

i tng b tc ng

1 Xe vn chuyn nguyn, nhin, vt

Kh thi, bi, ting n

- Ngi dn trn on ng vn chuyn - Cng nhn ca Cng ty - Cc cng trnh: nh dn, trn ng vn chuyn.

liu v sn phm

- Hot ng v an ton giao thng trong khu vc d n - Thm thc vt, ng vt trong khu vc d n

2 Khu vc sn xut

Bi, ting n, nc thi sinh hot, cht thi rn sinh hot, cht thi rn sn xut v cht thi nguy hi.

- Cng nhn vin lm vic trc tip ti cc phn xng sn xut - Khu vc dn c pha Ty nh my - Mi trng t, nc ngm ti khu vc nh my - Mi trng nc mt quanh khu vc nh my

3. D bo nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra a. Giai on xy dng

- Ma ln di ngy gy ngp cng trng v ph hy nhng cng trnh cha gia c xong (h mng, tng, mi b tng v.v...);

- S c k thut hoc do cng nhn khng tun th cc quy nh trong thao tc, vn hnh thit b, v.v... gy ra cc s c chp in, chy n, tai nn lao ng.

- S c do thi tit nng nng tc ng ti sc khe ca ngi lao ng nh cm nng, ngt hoc cc tai nn do bo lt gy ra i vi cng nhn.

- S c do thin tai: bo, lt, ng t.... gy ln, v cng trnh, h hng thit b. - Cc hot ng a cht cng trnh ng lc nh ct chy, trt l, xi mng cng

trnh... , gy ln cc cng trnh xy dng. - S c trong v sinh thc phm: ng c thc n tp th. - S c do dch bnh: ly lan nhanh trong tp th ngi lao ng. - S c mt ca tp th cng nhn trn cng trng vi cc phong cch sng khc

nhau v thu nhp cao hn so vi khu vc nng nghip a phng c th l nguyn nhn lm ny sinh mt s vn v trt t tr an, vn ha - x hi. b. Giai on hot ng

D n lp cc phng n phng chng ri ro v s c mi trng, tuy nhin cc s c vn c th xy ra mc d xc sut rt nh. Vic d bo cc kh nng c th xy ra s c l iu cn thit c th hin di bng sau:

Bng 38: Cc s c v mi trng c th xy ra trong giai on vn hnh d n TT Hot ng Cc s c

1 Vn chuyn nguyn liu, thnh phm

- Tai nn lao ng - Chy kho nguyn liu, thnh phm

2 Vn hnh my mc - Tai nn lao ng do my gy ra

trong qu trnh sn xut 3 Vn hnh h thng in - Chy n do chp in

4 Vn hnh h thng x l bi

H thng x l khng hot ng hoc hot ng khng hiu qu gy nhim mi trng trong khu vc lm vic

5 H thng cu ho H thng cu ho khng hot ng c khi c s c xy ra ho hon gy hu qu nghim trng.

c. Tc ng ca cc s c mi trng S c chy n - Khi c s c chy n xy ra s gy thin hi v kinh t, con ngi v mi trng. Mc nh hng ca s c ny c th lan rng ra ton khu vc.

- Khi h thng qut thng gi, h x l bi ngng hot ng s lm nhit trong khu vc sn xut tng v mt phn b nh hng ca bi gy cm gic kh chu cho ngi lao ng. gim thiu tc ng khi s c xy ra, Nh my s cho ngng hot ng sn xut trong phn xng khc phc.

- S c lt bo, ng ngp: H thng thot nc ca Nh my c thit k, xy dng c cao cao hn mc nc bnh thng ca h thng sng Bc Hng Hi. Khi nc sng dng cao trong trng hp c ma ln hoc ngp ng xy ra, nc bn ngoi sng s chy ngc vo trong h thng thot nc ca, gy ngp lt cho ton khu vc Nh my v khu dn c gy nh hng n iu kin kinh t - x hi. II. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi

Bn bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut dy hn 6.000 tn/nm c thc hin da theo cc phng php sau: Phng php thng k; Phng php kho st, ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim cc thng s v cht lng mi trng; Phng php nh gi nhanh trn c s h s nhim; Phng php iu tra kinh t - x hi.

y l cc phng php c s dng ph bin, c mc tin cy cao, nh gi v nhn dng chi tit c cc ngun pht thi cng nh mc nh hng ca cc tc ng ny n mi trng trn c s: - Da vo cc ngun ti liu tham kho v chuyn mn c nh gi cao nh ti liu ca L Thc Cn Hng dn vit bo co TM, ti liu nh gi nhanh WHO... - Vic tin hnh ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim u c thc hin bi Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng Hi Dng, mt

n v c nhn lc v thit b y nht trong lnh vc quan trc mi trng. Cc s liu kh tng thy vn trong nin gim thng k tnh Hi Dng trong nhiu nm. - Cc cng thc, h s tnh c tham kho bi cc gio trnh, nghin cu khoa hc c cng nhn. - Bo co c thc hin bi i ng k s c kinh nghim ca Trung tm Quan trc v Phn tch mi trng S Ti nguyn v mi trng tnh Hi Dng.

Trong qu trnh nh gi c th cn mt s tc ng n mi trng cha nhn dng c v cha chc chn trong nh gi do mt s nguyn nhn sau:

- Sai s thit b, sai s do khu phn tch - Yu t ch quan, cm tnh ca ngi nh gi Nhn chung cc phng php ny a ra mt cch nhn trc quan i vi cc vn

mi trng c lin quan n d n. Tuy nhin, chnh xc cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo kh nng khng ca c th, sc chu ti ca mi trng, cho nn mt cch nh tnh th chnh xc ca phng php l c th chp nhn c trong phm vi ca TM.

CHNG 4 BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU

PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG D n u t xy dng nh my sn xut dy hn ca Cng ty C phn Que hn in Vit c tt yu s c nhng tc ng n mi trng xung quanh D n. V vy vic xut cc gii php nhm hn ch, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc i vi mi trng l rt cn thit. Trn c s kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng khu vc D n (chng 2) v kt qu nh gi tc ng ca D n mi trng (chng 3), cc bin php nhm bo v mi trng, gim thiu nhim v cc tc ng c hi n mi trng lao ng v xung quanh do hot ng ca D n c xut nh sau: I. Bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu n mi trng 1. Trong giai on xy dng cc cng trnh a. Mi trng khng kh

- Yu cu cc xe vn chuyn t ct, nguyn vt liu xy dng ra vo cng trng theo ng lch trnh v vn tc qui nh.

- Qui nh ti trng xe vn chuyn theo cht lng ng giao thng trong khu vc. - Qui nh cc loi xe vn chuyn m bo t tiu chun thi mi c php hot

ng. - Thi cng cc cng trnh theo kiu cun chiu, tng phn, tng cng trnh hn

ch s tp trung ca cc phng tin thi cng trong cng mt thi im. - Hn ch cc loi xe vn chuyn hot ng vo nhng thi im c cng gi

cao hn ch bi v kh thi pht tn i xa. - Thc hin vic che y cn thn cc thng xe tr t ct v vt liu xy dng. - nh k phun m cc on ng m xe chy qua trong khu vc d n. - Dng cc ro chn tm thi bng gch, g, vi, bt cc khu vc pht tn nhiu

bi nhm hn ch bi pht tn t cng trng ra bn ngoi. - Cc ng t, ct trong thi gian ch i vn chuyn i ni khc phi c ti

nc thng xuyn trnh pht tn bi ra mi trng xung quanh. - Cc my thi cng xy dng c s dng du phi c t cch xa khu ln tri ca

cng nhn v cui hng gi. - Gio dc thc bo v mi trng cho cng nhn v ngi qun l lao ng trn

cng trng. Cho h thy c li ch trong vic bo v mi trng lao ng trong sch gn lin vi bo v sc kho ca chnh mnh v cng ng.

b. Mi trng nc Nc thi sinh hot

- Khng ch lng nc thi sinh hot bng cch u tin tuyn dng cng nhn trong khu vc ln cn, c iu kin t tc n . T chc hp l nhn lc trong giai on thi cng. - Trong khu vc cng trng, s dng nh v sinh lu ng cho cng nhn thi cng. Nh v sinh cch xa khu dn c v ngun nc s dng. - Thng xuyn kim tra, no vt, khng bn t, rc xm nhp vo ng thot nc thi.

i vi nc ma chy trn v nc thi thi cng - Nh thu thit k v xy dng h thng rnh thot nc n gin trn khu vc cng trng thu gom nc ma chy trn trn b mt, dn vo mng thot nc c v pha Ty ca d n, ri vo ao cha nc pha Bc nhm lng cn trc khi dn vo mng thot nc ca cnh ng khu vc ny. - Thng xuyn no vt mng thot nc v ao cha nc. c. Cht thi rn

- Ton b lng cht thi rn thng thng pht sinh trn cng trng nh t, , vt liu xy dng c thu gom v vo khu vc bi thi quy nh ca Nh my (ti cc vng trng) hoc bn cho ngi dn a phng lm vt liu san lp mt bng. i vi cc loi cp pha c th thu gom bn lm cht t, v bao xi mng thu gom bn cho cc c s ti ch

- B tr 1 cng nhn v sinh ph trch thu gom rc thi sinh hot, rc thi c hi pht sinh trong giai on xy dng vo 2 loi thng rc khc nhau, c mi che, cch xa khu vc xy dng v khu vc ln tri ca cng nhn khong 50m.

- Hp ng vi i thu gom rc ca a phng thu gom nh k. d. Bin php gim thiu ting n

- La chn n v thu xy dng c thit b my mc thi cng hin i, thng xuyn bo tr, bo dng cc loi my mc ph v cho thi cng xy dng nhm gim ti a ngun gy n.

- m bo khong cch hot ng ca cc my mc thi cng trnh hin tng cng hng cc ngun gy n.

- Cc thit b ny c t xa khu vc dn c, khu vc ngh ngi ca cng nhn - Khng thi cng, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu vo ban m - Hng ro bao quanh khu vc thi cng cng gim mc n ng k.

e. Bin php gim thiu tc ng do tp trung cng nhn Nh my s kt hp vi chnh quyn a phng thc hin nhng gii php c th sau nhm gim thiu tc ng:

+ Thc hin k khai tm tr, tm vng cho cc cng nhn t cc a phng khc n nhm qun l cc hot ng ca h ti a phng. + Thu nhn cng lao ng ngay ti a phng, va gp phn gii quyt cng n vic lm cho lao ng a phng, va gim c p lc v qun l nhn s. + Thnh lp t cng tc i sng, thng xuyn quan tm ti i sng tinh thn cho nhng cng nhn t cc a phng khc ti cng nh cc cng nhn ti a phng. ng thi c vai tr ho gii nhng mu thun, xung t pht sinh gia cc cng nhn vi nhau cng nh vi dn a phng. + Cng tc t tng cho cng nhn h c mt cuc sng lnh mnh, gp phn gi gn an ninh trt t x hi trong khu vc. + C bin php phng nga, khc phc tc ng xu ti cc cng trnh vn ho, cng trnh cng cng, dn c c kh nng b nh hng bi cc hot ng ca d n. f. Cc bin phng nga s c mi trng trong thi gian xy dng

Gii php an ton giao thng on t ng Quc l 5 vo khu vc d n l ng mt chiu t Hi Dng i H Ni, khu vc ny khng c ng ct ngang nn gy kh khn cho vic vn chuyn khi mun sang ng. V vy hn ch ti mc thp nht cc ri ro v tai nn giao thng do hot ng ca cc xe ti phc v cng tc xy dng ca d n gy ra, cn thc hin cc bin php sau: - Kim tra cc li xe ra vo cng trng ca d n v vic chp hnh quy nh v tc , ch m bo an ton giao thng - Hn ch thp nht vic lu thng vo gi cao im. - Cc xe ti vn chuyn s bo dng theo nh k, khng chuyn ch qu ti trng v qu di cho php.

Cc gii php an ton lao ng - Tt c cng nhn tham gia lao ng trn cng trng xy dng u c hc tp

v cc quy nh an ton v v sinh lao ng. - Cc cng nhn tham gia vn hnh my mc, thit b c hun luyn v thc

hnh thao tc ng cch, ng quy trnh. Bit cch gii quyt khi c s c xy ra. - Thng xuyn bo dng, bo tr my mc, thit b m bo an ton khi vn hnh. - Trang b cho cng nhn y cc trang thit b bo h lao ng nh gang tay,

khu trang, m bo him, dy tht an ton... - Tun th cc quy nh v an ton lao ng khi t chc thi cng, b tr hp l cc

thit b, my mc thi cng ngn nga tai nn.

- Khi thi cng xy dng lp t gin do, thit b trn cao u c trang b dy neo, mc an ton...

- C ro chn, cc bin bo nguy him ti nhng ni c kh nng ri, ng hoc in git.

- To hng ro ngn cch tch bit cc khu vc nguy him nh: trm in, cc loi vt liu d chy, d n.

- Phi hp vi cc c quan y t ti a phng c th cu thng kp thi cc ca ti nn c th xy ra.

Cc gii php phng chng chy n phng chng cc s c chy n c th xy ra, Nh my s lp t h thng

phng chng chy n do in hay t qu trnh un nu ca cng nhn ti cc nn tri trong cng trng. Bao gm cc loi my bm cha chy di ng, cc bnh kh cha chy nh bnh kh CO2, bnh bt cha chy ABC. Ngoi ra, Nh my cn phi hp vi i phng chy cha chy ti a phng c th ng cu kp thi cc m chy ln. 2. Gim thiu nhim trong giai on sn xut n nh a. Gim thiu nhim khng kh

Gim thiu nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng Hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng ra vo nh my hng ngy pht sinh ra

bi v cc kh c nh CO, SO2, NOx, m bo khng gy nhim mi trng cho khu vc, nh my s thc hin cc bin php sau:

- gim thiu bi nh my s thc hin bin php ti nc lm m ng giao thng nht l vo nhng ngy kh hanh v b tr cc phng tin giao thng ra vo nh my hp l bi xe rng ri, thng thong t mi pha.

- Khi vn chuyn cc phng tin vn chuyn s c cc tm bt che ph nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng do bi ri vi v khuch tn vo mi trng khng kh do tc dng ca gi.

- C ch iu tit xe vn ti ch nguyn vt liu sn xut, sn phm hp l trnh hin tng tc nghn giao thng ti cc tuyn ng i vo Nh my.

- Tt c cc xe vn ti, my mc tham gia vn chuyn u c kim tra nh k t tiu chun ca cc ng kim v mc an ton mi trng mi c php hot ng, phc v cho khai thc ti khai trng.

- Trng cy xung quanh khu vc nh my nhm hn ch pht tn bi. Cc loi cy trng phi ph hp vi iu kin th nhng, c kh nng chn bi tt, khong cch

gia cc cy khong 2m, cao ca cy thp m bo tm nhn cho cc phng tin giao thng.

- Thng xuyn v sinh ng giao thng trong khu vc nh my. - B tng ho cc tuyn ng chnh trong khu vc d n hn ch mc pht

sinh bi. - Cht lng mi trng khng kh sau khi p dng cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng khng kh s t tiu chun mc B ca TCVN 5937 2005 vi cc ch tiu nh sau: CO < 30 mg/m3, SO2 < 0,35 mg/m3 , NOx < 0,2 mg/m3, Bi < 0,3 mg/m3.

Gim thiu nhim bi pht sinh t qu trnh bc d nguyn vt liu, sn phm nhim bi t qu trnh bc d nguyn vt liu mang tnh cht phn tn, kh tp trung x l, xut cc bin php khng ch nh sau: - C lp ngun pht sinh, c di ngn cch hoc tng bao gia cc b phn bc d vi cc b phn khc nhm hn ch nh hng ca bi sang cc khu vc khc. - Lp k hoch iu ng cc xe t chuyn ch nguyn liu ra vo bi, kho mt cch hp l.

- Trang b cc dng c bo h lao ng cho cng nhn bc d nh: m, khu trang, qun o bo h lao ng...

H thng x l bi trong cng on lm sch b mt Gii php x l: Trong qu trnh sn xut ti nhng ch c kh nng pht sinh bi Nh my s lp t

cc trang thit b cn thit cho ph hp vi dy chuyn sn xut. La chn cc thit b my mc c thit k sn thit b x l nh lc bi ti... i vi cc thit b my mc cha c h thng x l s lp b sung h thng chp ht ti ch pht sinh bi ri a qua h thng x l lc bi ti theo s cng ngh sau:

3

2

Bi lng

Ghi ch: 1 - Chp ht

2 - Qut ht 1

Bi kim loi

Mi trng

S 5. Cng ngh x l bi kim loi * Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng: i vi bi kim loi c kch thc ln s ri

xung ngay khu vc sn xut, cn i vi bi kim loi c kch thc nh hn c x l nh sau: Khng kh c ht vo chp ht (1) nh qut ht (2) theo lung kh i qua h thng lc bi ti tch phn bi c kch thc nh cn li v c gi li y. Lung kh sch sau lc c x trc tip vo mi trng khng kh. Vt liu lm ti lc bi thng l loi si tng hp c kh nng gi c bi kim loi v khng b rch khi bi kim loi va vo.

Ti nhng ni khng th lp t h thng x l bi kim loi bng thit b lc bi ti th c th la chn mt s bin php sau:

+ Trang b bo h lao ng (knh mt, khu trang, qun o bo h) + B tr lao cng thu dn thng xuyn lng bi lng trn sn v vo ni quy

nh trc khi em x l * Kch thc ca thit b lc bi ti: - Xc nh lu lng ht ca h thng Lu lng ht ca mt ming ht xc nh theo cng thc sau: L1 = 3.600 x FCH x VH (m3/h) = 3.600 x 0,75 x 0,2 = 540 m3/h Trong d: FCH tit din ng ht (0,75m2) VH vn tc ht 0,2 m/s

S lng /ci V