bangla computer magazine by ebookbd.info

7/29/2019 Bangla Computer Magazine by Ebookbd.info

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3/60

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4/60


5/60

Mv`e Ci nvweq C` N_lvo`KveE BMw_ o[e| adywhywlqve coXq \lwaq wiwREmqvwes l_EqvM LFw_Fo oe bk whqL


6/60

dbl XvG aj[, BMLivo B GvPeaowP nPvmv aMvm Me[l

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Lb\ Kva`vR Me evGve N_lvq B GvPeoo valv wlq \l whq[ lvlv ame|ceMvee Xve o[ee bqvh wRw\_vòvs`vhm _vfvce oYM nq[ bvBMw_| Kve bUv`q aylwolvce ae o[eCwjq CÈ BMw_ oYME nqwl| o`PC` wPl hfv bx oh` E hxN m~lPvq

wRw\_v` ovs vhm ov ovql MbaweMlv PvL

Kvmvlyea BCvP avewl|PZadywP coXq cf`wf`vws

ch wohvq lqv


7/60

LFw_Fo wow[l ZML lPzl o[e eX`wP o[e PZadyw Kl coXq

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Klyevk \vlvq| BP Mv\ lv nEqvq LFw_FoBGlE hm o eq[| Cè

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hm Cè Mvdb e

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hwU Bwmqve wPxq hm wnco ovs`vhmcevcwe Mvdb e Me cvXLwlGvP C`|C` ovs`vhme awPwlwk wnco dvC

whq[l CvbxUfvle nR Ko MwbFwlMmlKwfcve Mv\x bwle` Mwoe| CP ? liêovs`vhme Mvw_ Mlcv`_v_ ah C`KvlyvwlMivo dvC hl wPwl|

Po wohvqx o[e TvMvq Kwfc val

Mewl C`| KvavPP Cè wcvaye KwfcZML ovs`vhme co Mvdb aweXv`lv Mev

n[| Po ovs`vhm hPCwPP ovjP ZvMv

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l_EqvM Xv`y wlq


8/60

Klydvqx,


9/60

hG[ hm| Mwbml ovjvlve hvwoP ;4ZM


10/60

oonve| Bhe bk wohvqx o[e `\vewa_ve wow nq[ avq 98 nv\ve BosL\_ wa_ve avq 9? nv\ve|


11/60

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38/60

avCvwbsBos Be bvl oe Mev no| Pvn` wXw_

whq dv ovQvlv nq[ PvP BMMZvqo`P nq, Kveb_ wnco Kve wlkveUMev n` vM Kvee Bw`b_ Mwa lvnq kyoc KvRc Mwa nq|

oc KvRce bvkb KlvlBw`b_e KvRc wlkveU

Faee FhvneUe bvkb hGvlv n`vwMivo vM Kavemle cbq c~UKveMwa lv nq oc KvRc Mwa nq| BGl dwhaee Bw`b_`ve bvle heMve nq

Pvn` avCvb EL oc KvRc ZML aeeBw`b_`ve bvl wlkveU Me lq| oc

KvRc ZM aee Bw`b_e KvRc oeMeve BMw_ c~ Kv[|

Kffross ji ogocont ]eS 3 lkso kffross +

(E * sakgo ikatjr ji fktk typo)

Faee BL c~ whq kyoc KvRcebvkb aee dMvlv Bw`b_e KvRc

wlkveU Mev nq| BGvl ` fve n`vMvlv Rv_v _vLae \l aqv\lxqcsGMovL_e bvl| dbl Mveve _vLa Rv_ve\l ; ovL_, Lw_\vee \l < ovL_LPvwh| BL c~ oonve Me BMw_ KveeBw`b_e KvRc oe Meve FhvneU hqv

n`v 0kev dvM, ent x]?S BMw_ Kve wRMqve

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39/60

nvREqve

CP KvC BBbwRe acce ivolvwmevlvb BBbwRe wowil aweMlveMZv Pz` ke `Gv aMvwmP nq

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BBbwR womovax accee wPxq Ko vlke eG[| PvL L_`e cvZ awPwPvqw_M ZvMP Pvhe covb aXv KovnP

eG[| Kve Pv awe`wP nq L_`eavmvavwm BML bvle acce Flql|

CP


40/60

nvREqve

\l wll BBbwRe nvRcl(99 ave ae)

cvav_ Me ;899-


41/60

cf_Eqve

Kavew_s wcbe \CP KlPbwhMav` bvLvcf_ PveoonveMvexhe bokbvl Xvwnhv a~eUe

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FLv\ 2 E 4 0 b_v L_vefc

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Mv`vefz` _vL`c| B`ve awPw_ aZMKvwaMml Kvce cywokv hq| awPw_Kfve Me `vLi Llfebml| Be f`Mvlv KvwaMml Eal lv MeL Kvawl

oyQP aveol MP`v L-bL` KvalveLlo eq[| L[ Me` KvalvewRivLce b_v L_vefcM MvvbvL\MeP aveol| FhvneU êa dy MePaveol Kvc KvwaMml, Eqoa\,

Lb\ ov [wo, M_v w` LPvwh|b_v hGP ov Bos vLwMs Bos

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ovavew_ KlM_v KvwqR C` KvMvF_oonve Meve bPv| b_v om ò`,PvL \yb KvF_ Me` _vL`c wl\heMKZa~Uivo aylwolvm Meo|

BMZv cP d b_v dbl amswcP nq[PblL cbv`vwXP nq[ KlM| MllvaMP KZb_v om \w_` Bos FLv\ 4-Be lPzl dy nq[| Bw_M Bblivo

wR\vLl Mev nq[ d Bw_ _vX-Blvo`wRivLce cvZ Gyo iv`vivo Mv\ MePaveo| dwh Kvawl _vXw lwonxl FLv\ 2

wawc evl Mel, Pvn` Mvlv aweoPlKvalve \l iv`v no lv, dwh _vXwl wawc

Bos `va_ae cvo b~è ovave KlMwoPMnP ave Bos PMvPxPivo o`v dvq,c~U Gvjv w l _vLa Meve \l _vXw lKvhmlq| dwh Kvalve _vX Blvo` wRivLcZvM, Pvn` Kvawl FLv\ 4 wawce cvZ

L_vee MeP aveol|FLv\ 4-B m_ Kv oy_zZ wMovR

c_Kva Me _vLa MeP aveol|FhvneUêa L-bL`, Po bL`w_ c

MeP XvL` wl mMeP nq| FLv\2-B _vX Mvavwow`w_ eq[, Po Pv cwPMveKZ _vXwl EBce bPv lq| dblw_awe`wP nq b_v L_vefce |

FLv\ 2 E 4 0 FLv\ veBos Kvac

b_v L_vefc hGP bl nq v_fvlov _vo`_ EBce bPv Bos Pv KlyceU MeFLv\ 4-Be wZb c Mev nq[FLv\ ve| BL Kl`vLl maf_ w_FLv\ Kvac whq awea~U| B`vBblivo wR\vLl Mev nq[, dvP T69FLv\ wawcP`va_a Bos_vo`_ dbl evlMeP ave,Pbwl K\C_vo`_ Bosv_fvl evlMeP ave|FLv\ 4 Kvacb_ve bPv BMLwR\vLl lxwPKlyceU Me CYl Me PZe MvcMvwRs`vLi _vL`c avZwbM Mv`vee| B`ve coLcvmv` l_EqvwMsq cb vvRivo BosL_vefce BML lxwP KlyceU Me| f`lPzl Kva oonve MeP XvL` Kv`vhvivo

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FLv\ 2 wnco ivov dP ave|

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wMovRBos bvFc whq covbivo oonveMev dvo dMvlv kele Mv\| wle

av bvFcoonvee \lcn\, B MveU

Qtkrt ov_lw_MKhm Mevnq[| Qtkrt blyavEqve \l

wlXe ovb whMov_l bvFc wMMMe` no|Klyeaivo bvFc

oonveMvexhe \l eq[ Eae ovb whMlkam ov_l eq[| Adkrcs-Be \l Rvl

whM wCq cyLa MeP no| KlyeaivowMovRlwiCmlM cb^q Mev nq[|

FLv\ 2 E 4 0 wcwMFwew_,MvFR, _v bvl\ve

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w\-bL` ZM L-bL` _l KvlvcnMvFR wcb Klvl Favhvl dbl fcoyM

92 MbwaF_ve \Cr \vlyqvwe


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cf_Eqvef_v wiF Mev dvq| awPw_ FLv\ 4wRivLc MvFRwiwM ve\ vLRvLi(QmyFrevo)KvMvF_ Blvo| Bw_ Lw_CR

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\vqCv ZM ve Mev wecvc_vo MePaveol| vLRvLie bvkb oonveMvexevve Mev dMvlv w\wlc ok Klvl

oonveMvexe cvZ mqve MeP aveol|FLv\ 4-B cbw^P Mev nq[ wfXve

`M wl, dve bvkb f_v avcEqvRoonveMeP aveol| Be KZ n[ Kvawl [wo\ywjq whP aveol wl Meve \l|CPvlyCwPM kveve FLv\ 2 oonveMvexev

`MR MbwaF_ve Kvc avEqve \lavcEqvR_vLa Mel| wM FLv\ 4-B

dy Mev nq[ waMXve avcEqvR| f`dGlL oonveMvex `CLl Me, PGlL

Fa vwaP nq waMXve PZv [wo whq BosRvl whM waMXve m Me wRivLcMKvl`M MeP aveol|

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f` wcwMFwew_ cf_Eqvee \l KveovjwP KZ GeX MeP no lvoonveMvexM|

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dvq BM wMMe bvkb| Be f` wcbwecvcwM[z_v wf nq| _v bvl\vee KvevwM[zKvRiv wfXve Kv[ d`ve KvcMev dvq kyCjro Fotkegs-B wMM Me|

FLv\ 2 E 4 0 CwPFLv\ 2 ZM FLv\ 4 KlM owm

hPCwPcl Bos BML kele nvREqveMv\ MeP aveo| f` KvaCRmleawPoMPv h~e no Bbl womvc K\l MeP

bvLvcf_ Mv\ Me dv[|FLv\ 4 fvvb_v`c w_b-Be

wawav` E Ca avCvb bvl\ve wo`MvevCvwlm (Legg Mkrkbjunes) cwP hvwoMel d BML nvREqve FLv\ 2-Bev_Kva cbqe Xq FLv\ 4-Be v_Kvacbq mPMev 68 ivC owm hPPe Bos BLlPzl EBce bbwee oonve ;8 ZM


43/60

Cvwf

f_v BwR_sqe KlMeMb vL`ebvQ BMw_ n`v wowil es whq BwR_Mev| wl\e [woP Eqv_veMv`ve

Lf hqv KlML a[h Mel| Pv [vjvKv\Mv` fcoyM KlML wl\e cvkveU[wo lv whq BM_zBwR_ Me [wo whP Xvl|Kve B kele BwRw_sqe \l Mv`ve KvR

Mev GyoL cn\| BblwM KlM fvml ovbRw`sqe E B kele Lf hqvnq|

Lf KlM kele nP ave| BMMkele \l [woe vL` ov av\ BMM

eMb nEqv FwXP| dbl Mvlv bR`e [woBl cGvl evPe Lf KZov bvw\M

`vL_ Lf hqv nq Pvn` Pbl iv`v`vCo lv| Kvove nvcv` Mvlv [woPdwh iwPM Lf hqv nq, Pvn` PvBMoveL obvlvl `vCo|

ePL BMw_ ovave Gqv` Mev iv`v|d [woP BwR_ Mev no Pve e\y`ml

dlv owm nq| MveU e\y`ml Mb n`[woe bvl Gveva no| Kve cL Gveva bvle[woe bk M Me BwR_ Me` Pbl iv`vhGvo lv| BGvl Mv`vwes Lf hqve \l

b~ d [wo oonve Mev nq[ Pvee\y`ml ;


44/60

CvwfZvM|

Bove [wow_e Mv`ve wM[y_v BwR_ MevdvM| lPzl BMw_ `qve Pwe Me lvb whlì` (govog)| Bove KvR\vb_ `qve

Kaml wCq ì`c dvl Bosaqv\lbPv cw_s wYM Me wll| dco

[woe M_v BM_z owm ZvM, c`v

hGP cyhe `vC| M_v n`v wowilKv`ve bvQ avZM| dbl [woe Mv`v Boscvhv Ksm`ve Mv`ve dwh owm ZvMPvn` iv`v bl nq, Kvove BML [woeMv`ve Mb ZvM` Gveva bl nq| BGvlMv`ve o`P cvhv Bos Mv`v Ksm`veF`Pv ovQvlv nq[| [woe KMveKsm`v KveE KMve Meve \l Llay_ìè ovb whMe ov_lw_ Rvl cevl Bos

Kv`ve Ksm`v KveE F` Meve \lRvl whMe ov_lw_ ovb whM cevl| f`c~U[woe M_v lv ovjÈ cvhv Mv`vKsm`v Kvev Cvp hGvo|

Bove coXq b\ve Ksm Eqv_veMv`vedy Mev| Eqv_veMv`ve ovLe ZM MwaMe Bl a Me BwR_ MevL coXqcn\ Mv\| f_vma whq cvkveUPEqv_veMv`ve Pwe Mev GyoL MwYl| LF\ve

L[ Me` wl\ wM[yEqv_veMv`ve ovwlqKvR MeP avel KZov L_vel_ ZMRvFl`vR MeE oonve MeP avel|Eqv_veMv`ve wowil kel Bos esqe nq|

co Mv`veL wM Kvove BwRw_sqe \loonve Mev wYM lq| Bbl Eqv_veMv`vewlovXl Mev FwXP, dlv Pv [wow_M Kvevcyhe Me Pv`| BL [wow_e \l BblEqv_veMv`ve wlovXl Mev nq[, dGvl

esqe fuv_v`v wXMl Bos `^v| Mv`vema dlv wYMbPv nq cwhME Gqv`

evGv FwXP| dbl BGvl oonve nEqvMv`ve`ve KvMve wXMl Bos `^v| BeMveU n`v b~` [woP Ko\ wnco kyBM\l bvlyge [wo Kv[| b~` [wow_ dwhBeMb nq d KlM\le [wo BMcvZ Boscw_ Mvlv Nee bvQ, Pvn` bv_v Mv`vema wc` Me BwR_ Me` cyhe hGvo|

Po Mv`ve wc`Mmle ovavew_ ayev_vLLF\vee L[bPv|

lPzl BMw_ `qve Pwe Mel, dve lvbno wa;| Eqv_veMv`vee [wow_ (wX-


45/60

avCvwbs

PZadywP QuvM Kv[ Bbl bvlygbvL avCvwbs wmGP KvCnx|avCvwbs wmGP n`L d MbwaF_ve

wovl ov PZadywe wmvZx nP no, PvwM lq| KvLw_ wmvZx [vjv dvev avCvwbsqKvCnx Pvev wl\ wl\ Xv MeL avCvwbsiv`vivo wmG[l, c wlee Klymx`l

aqv\l wlwPivo| wowil oL Bos oC EL_vel_ iv`vivo avCvwbs mGve BMFady bvkb|

avCvwbs mGv dMvlv avCvwbs`vyq\ whq e Mev dvq| o` \lwaqwc, wi\yqv` owcM, \viv LPvwhavCvwbs `vyq\ KP MwYl E hyovk

nEqvq KlML bvQaZ KvCn nvweqf`l| c Kwiev lPzlheavLZl mGve aevbmhl, Mllv avLZl

Kl avCvwbs `vyq\`v ZMPz`lvb~`Mivo cn\|

\vlyqvwe,


46/60

wcwMFwew_

cwP L-Mbvc cvL_e csGv dbloj[, Pbwl oj[ L-MbvccvL_`vP wowil KvbUe N_lv|

Be bk wM[y KvbU Kl`vLl ab_wogqM, Kvove wM[yKvbU cvkveU Eqoewlevav hyo`PvMwhM| cvkveU Eqoewlevave hyo`Pve bk Kv[ BcwMFB`Ll\Mml, ccvL_ waw_s, LlfebmlwRcMv\ve, avZ wRcMv\ve E ovfve Eivefv| Kve ab_ wogqM KvbUe bk

eq[ ab_ bvwlay`ml E izqv wR_MvRoonve LPvwh|

B kele KvbU Me L-MbvccvL_e

wowil kele wP Mev co, PveMlfRlwmqvw`w_ MvbvL\ Mev coBos coXq ov\ EqocvL_ o MehqvE co|

L-MbvccvL_ wowil MveU wcwMFwew_cbcv nP ave| B\l Mvlv BMw_ womg_Mlv`w\ hvqx Bbl lvE nP ave| MllvBw_ KlM`v _Mlv`w\e cbq| f`

kyMvlv BMw_ womg adywe MveUE L-Mbvc cvL_ cbcv nP ave| PowcwMFwew_ cbcve KlPb b~` MveU n`vEqocvL_ Riàveev wcwMFeR avCvwbs_MwlM cM Pbl \vll lv| PvL Bev

Mvlv Eqo KvwaMml Rià Mevecbq wcwMFwew_e wogqw_ Pbl ` evGl lvov ` evGP avel lv| wR\vLle cbqwcwMFwew_e wogqw_ Fav Meve KvevBMw_ KlPb MveU n`v RR`vLl|Riàvehe cocbq MwYl RR`vLle

bk Mv\ MeP nq|KlM cbq hGv dvq, L-Mbvc

cvL_`vP ;


47/60

wcwMFwew_s/enijrcktejn/botenij.`sp:pkfoEf3dog...

BL kele LFKveB` whq wecvcKvMcc Meve dwh cwYMKZevL\ml oonve Mev lv nq, PonvMveev wRewe ovFw\sqe bvkb Klfvvee Rv_v KvMcc MeP ave, dv

Pvhe KvMcc MeP aveve MZv lq|

cwYMivo Bee nv` lv Mevdwh cwYMivo Bee nv` Mev lv nq,Po KlM cbq KlM ePa~Uclcw_iPZ aMvm aq dP ave| B kele PZnvMveev oonve Me ZvM Pvhe nvb`vebZR wYM Meve cbq| iz ivo Bee

nvw`sqe f` wcb vm, _vwbl_KZov wev_nq dP ave| avq aPM\lwaq avCvwbs `vyq\e Bcamlnvw`sqe bvMvwl\b Kv[, dv whqKlvMvwP Rv_v oe nq dvEqv ZMavCvbM ev Mev co|

/** Oxkcpgo ji Ecprjpor Orrjrdknfgenb knf enijrcktejn Gokmkbo **/

686 Njt Ijunf

Njt Ijunf

Vdo roquostof _\G /kla/xyzZdogp/ wks

njt ijunf jn tdes sorvor

Kpkado/


48/60

avYmv`v

aweove o onve nEqv nvb MbwaF_ve ZMe Me hme onb MeavemleR _a MbwaF_ve ad co MbwaF_veL

oPbvl wlevavcswm QuzwMP eq[| BL QzuwMebvv whl whl Bblivo oj[ d adywwomBGl coXq Kv`vwXP wogq nq FY[

MbwaF_ve wcwMFwew_ PZv wlevav| Be f`

Kvbev avq cbq wcwMFwew_cswm wM[z wM[zcvkveU _vbe byGvbywG nL d v cMl~lPb kveUv owmeivC oonveMvexL lL| BcP Fa`wP MbwaF_ve \Cr-Be wlqwbPwoivC avYmv vq Bove Fa val Mev nq[MbwaF_vee wlevavcswm wogqe Eae oàwewXP om wM[z_vbe ovG v, dv Lsew\ oU

Klycve kev nq[|

KvREqveKvREq ve avCvb n`v c`v d`v

oonvee cbq wovale Ml__ RvFl`vR EwRca Me| ov oPv n`v, KvR`v wl\evL

woewMe, wM b~` woahn ` v

K vRq v e` vwoewMe aa-Kva Cvwf Bos KwRE

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RvFl`vR MeP ave bvÈqve|Kvlvwlbvc

Lhvlxs l_EqvM nvMveev L_vel_coXq wlevah l_EqvM Kvc MePcb n[| Bco lPvwonxl Bos [homxCa adywwom Kvlvwlbvc wncoawewXP| coXq awewXP Kvlvwlbvc Ca

MvdMe Me[ MbwaF_vewiwM KvLlowni~PKvhv`l| Bhe KlMe KvMml nvwMswnco MvevevL\R KZov B\weEqocvL_ awPvl vM wnco awPwP|

K_vevldGl Kvalve MbwaF_vee wcwR ov wRwiwR

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whq| K_vevl wfXveM wR\vo` Me B kelenvb`v ZM wcbM ev MeP aveol|

ov_l_ov_l_ n`v L_vel_ csdvCcn wM[z

MvbvL\ MbwaF_vee csCn, d`v

wlqwP nq KlvMvwP ZvRavw_e bvkb|Be f` iJ aj wlevav olx Bos

cbmUxiz wM[zKvMml MvdMe Meve \loonve nq| cvkveUP B`v n`vFFjQCYle nvb`v| BGvl avcEqvRvM Meve

\l oonve nq cww`P MbwaFw_s avEqveKZov MvdMe Me Kl kele _v| dco

wcb ov_l_M Kiz Me c`vMcvkveUP efve Mev nq \ybovL (Pjcleo)MbwaF_ve wnco| Mllv B`v wlovkebPv Mv\ Me|

MvwliveMvwlive n`v Bbl wcb, dv fRve

oyev Ko LliwCml PZv BfwoKvL L-bL`Bos L`M_wlM MwbFwlMml bwl_e Meve \l

wR\vLl Me| BP o onve nq MvvbvL\o`w fve avM_, dv _vC_ LF\vee coL_vel_ _vwfM

b w l _ eMeP ave| Mvwlive

ov ovql Mev nq ;552 Bos ovaMivocbv`vwXP nEqvq Pv awP vwaP nq Kvev FlPovwUw\M cf_Eq ve whq| Bw_ bvLvcf_FLv\wiwM EqvM ml| BP cbwPeq[ BM avM_ w fvwes cf_Eq ve Boswebviv` wR RvLi|

cvw_wfM_cvw_wfM_ wRw\_v` cvw_wfM_ wncoawewXP| BL _vbw_ cvkveUP L-Mbvcoonvenq| wRw\_v` cvw_wfM_ n`v cw_, dvKvalve Eqo ovF\ve EqocvL_eKvLRw_w_| cvw_wfM_ cswm PZ oonvenq Blwa_R cml c_Kva Meve \l,dvP MF EL PZ hGP lv ave, dv KvalveBos wcwMFe cvL_e bk hqv-lqv nq|

MvbvL\MbwaF_vee wlevavcswm wogq

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womg Me MvbvL\ o`P ovQvlv n[MbwaF_ve ov l_EqvMe wlevave BM w_ov nv`| MvbvL\ MbwaF_ve KlM_vCPdy BM cvobwele bPv| BL wcwMFwe_nv` nP ave hyN_lvb KZov wPMe ov

bvw`mvc cf_Eq ve Kvalve MbwaF_veKvc Me B`v Pwe Me[| divoLnvM lv Mlv, MvbvL\ MbwaF_ve n`v

oonveMvexe \l hytcsovh|

vMvevMve o`P ovQvq wogaevqU ow,

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wPcvkl wMsov wcbM wR\vo` Mev|

wRwREBcwRwREBce a~U ea n`v wRwwoF_R

wRlvq` Ko cvwic| Bw_ BM kele wRlvq`Ko cvwic PZv Rc (FjQ) Kv_vM, dGvlbvwa` MvbvL\ wcb cvkveUP _v\vlKvv| BL _v\vl BMw_ wc` wcbM_vC_ Me wRlvq` Ko cvwic KvbUe MveUnq huvjvq| wRwwoF_R wRlvq` Ko cvwicKv_vM _vC_ wcb KwPwe B_velv`_vwfM whq avwoP Me f`, dv wcb nv`MeP ave| Be f` wcbwl` nq

aj|

BlwamlBlwaml n`v PZ bc\

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eave Me| f` KlvMvwP ov KokoonveMvexe oyQP ave lv Kok MFBlwa_ Mev Rv_v wiF Meve \l Eal

Me Pvn` wPwl Ml__`v hGP

aveol hyovkivo| Rv_v dP hpivoBlwa_ no, Pv avYvve MePnvMvehe PP owm oC aP no|

Baq_Kl Mvlv avCvbe MvRe `yanv`

Mv\ `vwCq cywokv Kvhvq Me lqvMcf_Eqve Baq_ o`v nq| BM\lnvb`vMvex BL `yanv`M Mv\ `vwCqMbwaF_ve ov l_EqvM Kvc MePaveo| Baq_ n`v Bbl BM wogq, dv

bvevPM BM MvbvL\|

fvqveEqv`fvqveEqv` n`v nvREqve ov

cf_Eqve cw`Fml wcwMFwew_ aw`wmaqvC Meve \l| wfw\Mv` wcwMFwew_

Kvlv`w\P fvqveEqv` n`v ovwje akvlf_Me Pv`ve bPv KZov ovwje iPeeMvlv Me Pv ve bPv, dv ky ok

oonveMvexev Xvwo ov Kvc MvR oonveMe TzMP aveol| fvqveEqv` ZvMwoLl wfve, dv Kok ov cvo wPMeFavhvlM wcb TzMP ovkv hq|

nvMvedMvlv h MbwaF_ve Kave_e ov



49/60

avYmv`vavCvbvee \l wlea _vbn`v nvMve|

hyivC\lMivo BL _vbe ovGv Gveva KZowm oonve n[ co bn`, MllvowmeivC wbwRqv nvMve _vbw_ oonve

Me dGvl vMve _vbw_ owm FadvCx|

nvL\vMwobvl nvL\vMveev divo wobvle

wlqU hG` Me Pvhe L[bPv CoewhM wobvlM wlq dvq, Klyeaivo ovF\venvL\vMe Eqo ovF\veM iz` aZ wlqdvq BMw_ wil cvL_ ov Eqo a\, dGvlwiw\_ Meve L[ oonveMvexe lL| nPave Be bvkb a\ wiF ovwjq cvL_e

^PvwkMvex aXze wovalx ewiwlF K\lMeP ave, Xv Me bvÈqve Ll`MeP wMsov Mm` wRw\_ee LF\velcE avcEqvRB_ve MeP aevwXP Me| B

cowM[zL Gveva|

BLXw_w_waBc

BLXw_w_waBce wlevah CYl n`vnvLave__ _vfve a_vM`| BL vMXven`v ayev Eqoe wiw| dGldttps0// wòonve Me BMw_ cvL_ Mvl nol, PGlKvalve ovF\ve Bos cvL_e cvive co PZBlw Meve \l cndvCx wnco Mv\

Meo| dGl Kl`vLl mwas Meol,dMvlv kele wflvwqv` bvl\b_(dbl Kvalve ovsM Bos wR_ LFwlql)

MvdMe Meol Bos EqobL` cvwicKvc Meol, PGl wlwP nq wll dcvL_ KvRc dlv dttp0//-Be aweoPdttps0// whq e nq Bos Kvalve ePa~U

PZ dlv av_M_R ZvM|Llfebml wcwMFwew_

Llfebml wcwMFwew_ _vbw_ LlfvcMwnco awewXP| BL afmlv` wR` PZvMv\w_ cevcwe MbwaF_ve wcwMFwew_cswm|Llfebml wcwMFwew_ afmlv` avCvb `GvZM e Me cowM[zvl Me dvP lvsevov KovwP Favhvl ZM ev avq, dblKvw_ivLevc avCvb| B\l l_EqvM_vwfMe awP ` evGP no dvP chn\lMPZe kvev mlv (dbl _v\vl, wiwRE Bcov Klvl cvwhP Mb) MeP ave|

bvÈqvebvw`mvc cf_Eqve n`v cL

cf_Eqve, dv oonve Me ov Pwe Menvb`vMvexev MbwaF_vee oonve ovkv cwMeve \l, ePa~U E csohlmx` PZnvwPq lqve \l KZov avLi_ MbwaF_vewcb Kvc avEqve \l| bvÈqveKvwoizP nP ave MvR, w, KvwiM__ Bos Klvl cf_Eqve ea|bvÈqve n`v cvkveU _vb, dv oonve nqwowil kele woevkx ov KlwkMve aomMvexcf_Eqve|

avM_ w wfsavM_ w fveM MGlv MGlv efve

Mev nq BM\l l_EqvM bwl_e ovl_EqvM Kvlv`vL\ve wnco| l_EqvM

_vwfM bwl_e Bos _vo`_ Meve \lBM\l l_EqvMov wcb KvRwbwl_e

okivo avM_ w fve oonve MeP

avel| avM_ w fvee bvkb MvaXveMev PZ oonve Me BM\l KvRwbwl_emlv MeP avel w_a~U avM_ BosRv_vM oonve Me o_`lMM wal aq_MeP Bos cnvqPv Me hPve cvZl_EqvMRv_v _vwbml| cn\ MZvq o`v

dvq BMw_ wRivLc ov avCvb, dv bwl_e Mel_EqvMe MbwaF_ve bUeP Rv_vM|

avcEqvRKvalve MbwaF_ve wcb avcEqvR

av_M_R Pv wlwP MeP dwh avel,Pvn` Kvalve MbwaF_ve ov MbwaF_vee

l_EqvMe wM[z Ksm Kvce cywokvaP avel| owCP PZ owCP evGPXvL` aZb MeUxq Mv\ n`v awPevk Mev,PZv avcEqvR c_ Mev| avcEqvR n`vCval EqvR ov fc, dv KomL oonve

MeP no Mvlv wM[zP Kvc avEqve\l| KveMivo o`v dvq, avcEqvRn`vwM[zMveve ws, dv MbwaF_ve L_vefcov wcb KvcM Klybvhl Me|

wfwmswfwms n`v PZ nvwPq lqve aXv|

dbl LF\ve lb, avcEqvR Bos wR_

MvR e wo v weP PZ (MGlv MGlvaevivo KZE) L`M_wlMMwbFwlMml wom E Kv vmx` wnco[omx ow ov aPveM| [omx owevok oocvqx wnco KvXeU Me, L-bLèbvkb KvalvM Fahm ho d KvalveKvMvF_ fv\l Mev nq[ KZovMvbvL\ nq C[ Bos wlwP nEqve\l `CLl MeP oò| wMhyivC\lMivo Kvawl d w` wMM Me`l`C Meve \l Pv ok lq| Bivo KvalveowCP Cval PZ \l wlq aPveUve\v` KvalvM Kvo Me fò|

ewaM_e 0 dco avCvb Bbl KvXeUMe d wl\L wl\e Mwa Pwe Me[|dbl Eqvb, ivLevc LPvwh|

e_wM_e_wM_ BMw_ nvMve wcwMFwew_ _z`, dv

BMw_ MbwaF_ve Bos MbwaF_ve ZMavcEqvR E bc\ _vwfM MvaXve Me|

e_wM_ avCvb e_wM_ wncoE awewXP|Bw_ BMw_ _zè Mv`Mml, dv nvMveheM

Klybvhl Me Bos wcbe ovMRveahvl Me, l_EqvMe Klvl wcbe

PZ csCn Me, wcb d MvbvL\R

wcb B cP Kvjv` Me Bos B keleKvev KlM Mv\ Me| o`v dvq e_wM_n`v _v\vl nc cf_Eqvee BM MvwcMFhvneU| BL _z` wowil Kavew_s wcbe ovaMivo awe`wP nq|

vbvb ov[woXvenxlivo KdvwXP,

KlvMvwP, Kcswm KZov dZvdZ lq BblaXze bc\ avYvq, womg Me ovwUw\M

woval| vb b~`P woe Mev [vjvPbl Mvlv wP Me lv wcb|

vbM L`M_wlM \v bLÈ o`v nq|

vLEqveKvawl MbwaF_ve d KvMml dbl

FLv\ Eal Mev, bvFc wMM Bos womgMe wMovRLlay_ MvdMe Meol, vLEqvecf_Eqve Pv MvFM weav_Me KZX KvawlPv \vll lv ov Kvawl EL PZ aP Xvl| XzwenEqv `CLl, avcEqvRBos ovsM KvMvF_

ov wR_ MvRlê dv vLEqvee eXwqPvevcvkveUP Xzwe MeP Xvq|

_v\vl_v\vl n`v BMw_ MbwaF_ve bwM, dv

cn\L (KlvMvwPivo) RvFl`vR nqBos MvdMe Me bvw`mvc fvsml, dvbwmlM KlvMvwP Kvce \l cove

cvbl Fa val Me|

ivLevcivLevc bvÈqve MbwaF_veM Kvv

Me Bos Beae wl\L wo P nP XvMe| Bw_ co nP ave L-bL` KvLBbov l_EqvM \yj wl\ML c Mevebvkb| _vwbml ov csbUe awqvMbl Pv wooX wogq lq| ivLevc nv

MbwaF_veM Mvlv ea cbZl hq lv|KlM cbq ivLevc wl\L wPMe lv nÈivLevc MvR Fly MeP avei`wlqvwewow`w_, dv Kl Mvlv kelebvÈqve oonve MeP ave|

EqvbEqvb n`v coXq \w_` kele

bvÈq ve| B `v Gyo kxe byi Mev avCvb,dv Bblivo Pvhe _vC_ l_EqvM kxekxe cyMm aom Me Bos cvkveUP BM

cvn ov BM bvc ov Pve owm cbq lq ayevavCvbe Mvl_ KsmM Kvc^`

MeP| Kve B Mv\w_ cl Me X~jvivowcbM KvbU Meve KvC| dbl ovaMawewXP vl_ Eqvb| cn\ MZvq o`v dvq,Eqvbn`v P avCvb dv l_EqvMcsdybwml ZM bwml ewaM_ Me PZv o

lM` Me Bos divo wo P no cL Klydvqxl_EqvM E Llfebml wcbM ovnP

MeowfRovM 0 swkpkn?


50/60

hmwhC

wRBlB mw_e cvZ avq coveLMbowm aweXq eq[| BMLivocvbvw\M dvCvdvC l_EqvM

cvL_e MZvE \vwl Bos oonve Mew[| wMBL hyw_e cb^q CwYP wRBlB cvmv`l_EqvwMsqe wogq kveUv lL o``L

X`| iwogP wRBlB Bos cvbvw\M

dvCvdvC l_EqvMe cswbmU N_P dv[|oPbvl fcoyMe cvZ wlwh wogq wMsovN_lve MveU BMwP nq BMw_ h` CYlMe dvCvdvC val Me X`w[| wYMPbwlivo BL cvbvw\M wRBlB l_EqvM

cvL_e bvkb Kvawl Bos Kvalve cvZdvev dy eq[l, Pvhe cove wovwePosmvlyCwP cxq PZ \vlv co no BosPvhe cvZ Kvalve cMe wogqw_EwlkveU Mev co no|

cvmv` wRBlB l_EqvMe cn\ ovGvMe[l womG vP EqvR (Rerof)

bvCvw\le cvhM RwiR evEqvl| wPwlw`G[l, Kvwb Kvbve Llo avq wmvkBM Kovl (Kulurn-\offesd lrjwn) Xzè

KwkMvweUx KvbweMvl bwn`ve [wocn BMw_bc\ a`vb| Pve lvb Kvw`cl| c

Kvbve cvZ dvCvdvC Me[, MveU KvbvewRBlB avfvL` g cCb_ Pve cvZ.9< mPvsm wb` C[ Bos Kvbev h~e

cMe XvXvP ov bvbvP ivLovl nP avwe|B kele BMw_ bc\ a` Kvbev dMF

KovM no ov Kvbev wl\ev B kele BMw_bc\ whq Kl MvFM KovM Me whPavwe| Bw_ KlM_v fcoyMe waa` LF

lv kele N_lv| nuv, wRBlB cvmv`l_EqvM BL KovM ovavew_L N_vP

dv[| RwiR evEqvle oo ZML ovQvdv[, cvmv` wRBlB l_EqvwMs Mblno| fcoyM ov B \vPxq cvbvw\Ml_EqvM `ve bvkb lPzl oz Pwe Mev

dvq, Kvove KlM o[e KvC nvweq dvEqvMvlv ozov z`\xole Mvlv ozM Gyu\avEqv dvq| awewXP KvPxq-awe\lME

wl\e l_EqvMKvlv dvq| wM cvmv`wRBlB l_EqvM Kvalve KlM nvweqdvEqv KvPxqME Gyu\ oe Meo|

oPbvl Kvbvhe dwh w\c Mev nqhvhv ov lvlve ovove lvb, Pvn` KvbevKlML o`P aveo lv| dwh KveM_zMwYlMe w\c Mev nq, hvhv ov lvlve ovoveovove lvb Mx: Pvn` M\l lvbw_ o`Paveol chn Kv[| Kve hvhv ov lvlve ovov

wMsov awaPvbn ov abvPvbne ivLovleNee [`bqhe Pv wXwlL lv| wMcvmv` wRBlB l_EqvM cw_L Gyu\ oe

Meo| Kvawl nq dP avel woGvPMvlv `GM-wovlx-cw`wow_e KvPxq|

nuv, cvmv` wRBlB l_EqvM BblL BMw_l_EqvMPwe Me[ ov Meo|

cvmv` wRBlB l_EqvMCYldvev BwCq

Knaostry.ajc E BonoVroo.ajcKlMwhl KvC ZML e Me[ wRBlB whqa~oayeg Guv\ve Mv\| BMove Kvalve lvb,

wYMvlv, \ PvweG, Kve wRBlB Pvhewcb whq whP ave`L e MePavel wRBlB bvX-bwMs Cb| BlcwP

Kvawl fvwbw` w_ Pwe MeP avel|BonoVroo.ajc KveMw_ EqocvL_, dvev

cvev wom wRBlB bvwasqe bvkb fvwbw`

w_ Pwee awqv e Me[| awPvPv

ìq cvelcl bw`wMF`ve \lv`w\fvFml lvb BMw_ csCYl awPvMe[l| Pvev LPvbk avq ; `vGe owmwRBlB cvè Rv_vo\ Pwe Me[|

BwhM cvX\vqv_ CÈ waw[q lL|Kom aPivo Cè FhvC lv nÈCè cn-awPvPv cCL wole xKnnRjàeame awPv Me[l


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52/60



53/60



54/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe



55/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe

4? MbwaF_ve \Cr \vlyqvwe


56/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe



57/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe

wiml ove bvFcMbwaFave wi`\ ov\ve

Bl[ wiml ove lPzl bR`ewaBc _z bvFc| 488 wRwaKvLqeKaw_Mv bvFce ` L`w_ om

^v[h e| dvCvdvC 0 8;2;1


58/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe

wCCvovL_ Cwbs Ml_KlywP

CP ;6 Bos ;? wRce XCvbe cvebwec ovFl L_velvmlv` z` KlywP nqwCCvovL_ Cb fwiv`


59/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe

cvmqx hvb MwUMv wblvveblvb `\ve wa_ve

MwUMv wblvvove a\av;1?8RwoF bR`ecvmqx hvb blvb`\ve wa_ve Bl[cf KvLw_ cvwicc

w`wb_R| Be wa_ wR


60/60

MbwaF_ve \CPe Goe

Kvcyce wRw\_v` avEqvewR\vLle lPzl bvhveovR

Cvov` ov (av0) w`wb_Rhme ov\ve Bl[ Kvcyce

wa4\R22-Bb bR`elPzl bvhveovR| L_`\R22 wXac_e

bvhveovR w_ L_` 1qa\le avmvavwm

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