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Whitemans Creek Water Budget Balancing the Needs of Water Users James Etienne, Grand River Conservation Authority A.D. Latornell Conservation Symposium, November 17, 2015

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Page 1: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Whitemans Creek Water Budget

Balancing the Needs of Water Users

James Etienne, Grand River Conservation Authority

A.D. Latornell Conservation Symposium, November 17, 2015

Page 2: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Whitemans Creek

404 km2 (situated in Brant and Oxford Counties)

Southern portion on Norfolk Sand Plain

Significant cold water fishery Dominant water use is agricultural

Municipal water supply for Bright and Paris (Bethel)

Two streamflow stations  Perennial low water issues

BRIGHT

BETHEL

Page 3: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

What are Water Budgets?

Relationship between Relationship between supply and demandsupply and demand

Through an integrated understanding of Through an integrated understanding of system function we can make better planning system function we can make better planning decisions and are better prepared effectively decisions and are better prepared effectively manage water resources.manage water resources.

““ Water Budgets lead us on the path to      Water Budgets lead us on the path to      secure and sustainable source waters secure and sustainable source waters ””

Page 4: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Water Budgeting

QGW-Out

QGW-In

QGW-R

QGW-D

QGW-C QSW-RO

QSW-C

QSW-In

QSW-Out

QP

QET

Groundwater

SurfaceWater

water table

UnsaturatedZone

SaturatedZone

Surface Water Modelling

Groundwater Modelling

Ultimate Goal:  Balancing Water Needs

Page 5: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

< 800

800.00 - 850.0

850.00 - 900.00

900.00 - 950.00

950.00 - 1000.00

1000.00 - 1050.00

0 - 1100.00

LegendClimate Normals

RoadsDrainage

Precipitation (mm/year)< 800.00

800.00 - 850.00850.00 - 900.00900.00 - 950.00

950.00 - 1000.001000.00 - 1050.001050.00 - 1100.001100.00 - 1150.00

> 1150.00

N

S

W E

0 20 km

Grand River Tier 2 Water BudgetWater resource professionals characterized the watershed,

using models, statistics and estimates to track the volume of water entering, 

moving through and leavingthe watershed for 

sustainablewateruse.

Climate

Surficial Geology

Streamflow

Recharge

Groundwater Levels

Discharge

Water Use

Hydrologic Cycle

Page 6: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Water Use Permits

~700 permits~1200 sources

Municipal: 20% of permitsAgricultural: <50% of permits

SurfaceWaterPermits

GroundwaterPermits

Page 7: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Tier 2 Stress Assessment

Surface Water Groundwater

Bright

Bethel

Page 8: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Declared Conditions Voluntary reductions 

at Levels 1 and 2

Very low precipitation

OLWR Level 3 apparent Streamflow <30% of average summer low flow Anticipated harmful effects to environment, fishery Unknown: agricultural use vs. water availability

Low Water Conditions in 2007 & 2012

Figure 4: Average Daily values for Whitemans Creek and Burford

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1-Ju

n

8-Ju

n

15-J

un

22-J

un

29-J

un

6-Ju

l

13-J

ul

20-J

ul

27-J

ul

3-Au

g

10-A

ug

17-A

ug

24-A

ug

31-A

ug

7-Se

p

Flow

(m3/

s)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Whitemans Creek Flow Burford Rain

Level 1 flow first reached

Level 2 flow first reached

Level 3 flow reached

Level 1 Called Level 2 Called

Beaver dam affects flow readings

Page 9: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Precipitation (1961‐2014)1960’s Drier  1970’s & 1980’s Wetter  1990’s Drier  2000’s Mixed 

Page 10: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Surface Water (1961‐2014)

1960’s Drier  1970’s & 1980’s Wetter  1990’s Drier  2000’s Mixed 

Page 11: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Groundwater (2001‐2014)

2001‐2002 2004 2007 2012

2008‐20102006

Page 12: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Surface and Groundwater (2001‐2014)

2001‐2002 2004

2006

2012

2008‐2010

2007

?

Page 13: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Water UseGrand Watershed Whitemans Subwatershed

Page 14: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Irrigation Water Sources

Page 15: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Water Use Timing 

**estimated monthly water use from the Tier 2 stress assessment

Page 16: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Water Use Timing 

Page 17: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Challenges 

1. Water use is different than the rest of the watershed

2. Many water users, but one main water use

3. Reliance on shallow groundwater and surface water

4. High water use coincides with low stream flow 

5. Water use cycles with crop cycles

Page 18: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Watershed Drought Plan

Watershed scope Based on past work focused on high water use 

sectors municipal agriculture  industry and commercial rural domestic

Page 19: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

19

Page 20: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Drought Preparedness

Page 21: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Contingency Planning

Page 22: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Best Practices

Page 23: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

BMP Locations

Page 24: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Education & Outreach

Page 25: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Pilot Outcomes

Page 26: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Grand River Water Management Plan Ensuring water supplies

Drinking Water Source Protection Water budget assessment

Ontario Low Water Response Program Developing drought resistance

Whitemans Creek Drought Contingency Plan Transferable to other high use agricultural watersheds

Supporting Other Initiatives

Page 27: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

WHAT’S 

NEXT

Deliver a free “Soil 

Moisture               

Probe            

Borrowing      

Program”

Promote workshops & 

discussions re: nitrogen legacy

Seek opportunities and apply for drought 

preparedness pond renovations 

funding

Promote the need 

for PTTW 

workshops 

Automate data collection from 

remote soil moisture sensors 

in Oxford & Brant

Encourage growers to implement new BRWQP actions

Voluntary “no fishing” signage campaign

Tier 3 Water Budget model

Going Forward

Whitemans Creek Tier 3

Water Budget and Water

Quantity Risk Assessment

Page 28: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Tier 3 Data Updates

2010 Woodstock‐Brantford Surficial Geology Survey

2014/15 Field Work Program Spot Flow Surveys Piezometer & Level Logger 

Installations

2013 Crop Mapping Imagery Review Whitemans Creek PTTWs

2015 Whitemans Creek Workshop

Page 29: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Update Integrated Modeling Tools (SW‐GW)

Surface Water – Groundwater Combined Model better represent groundwater and 

surface water interactions discharge and recharge functions 

are integrated

Whitemans Creek

Page 30: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Characterize Demand (municipal and non‐municipal) Hydrology  Hydrogeology We are here

Modelling Tools SW & GW

Delineate “Vulnerable Area” WHPA‐Q1, WHPA‐Q2

Risk Assessment Scenarios  Assign semi‐quantitative ‘RISK’ Evaluate hydrogeologic uncertainty 

Tier Three Risk Assessment

Refine Characterization

Refine Modeling Tools

Define “Vulnerable Area”

Assess Risk Level using Multiple 

Scenarios

Page 31: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Ecological Water Needs

Page 32: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Monitor water levels across the subwatershed (2015‐16) Assess historic irrigation water use (2015)  Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16) Assess Bright & Bethel Well water supplies (Summer 2016) Complete Tier 3 Water Budget (Fall 2016) Integrate results in amended Grand River  Assessment Report (2017)

Next Steps in Tier 3 Work

Page 33: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Whitemans is Water Management Plan priority area Use model to assess Water Demand/Permit to Take Water Drought Planning Climate Change Assessment

Beyond Source Water

source protection

Page 34: Balancing the of Water Users...Assess historic irrigation water use (2015) Consultant Conceptualization Report (September 2015) Develop integrated surface/groundwater model (2015‐16)

Farm & Food Care Ontario Hajnal Kovacs, Conservation Sudbury Brant County Federation of Agriculture Ontario Federation of Agriculture AquaResource Inc. (now Matrix Solutions Inc.) EarthFX Incorporated Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry Ministry of Environment & Climate Change

Acknowledgements