balanced infrastructural ecology: a floating marine … · 2016-12-31 · balanced infrastructural...
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ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2008-2009 DESIGN REPORT
BALANCED INFRASTRUCTURAL ECOLOGY: A FLOATING MARINE ECOLOGY CENTRE
WONG Kai Yan Cyrus May 2009
7茫 Archil
i fyrus i^ng KaiYa^ turai Thesis 2008-09
Balanced infrastructural Ecology A Floating Marine Ecology Centre
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Balanced Infrastructural Ecology A Floating Marine Ecology Centre
Architectural Thesis, Master of Architecture 2008-09 Department of Architecture
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Advised by Prof. Li Shiqiao
Introduction
This thesis is based on the study of the opposing force between the man-made infrastructure and the natural ecology. In history, people built a bridge because they wa nt to overcome the nature, in orderto bring convenience, accessibility and connectivity among people. However, construction against our nature has a great impact on the surrounding ecology. This thesis proposal aims at providing a new type of man made ecology namely infrastructural ecology, by means of making architectural input to the infrastructure engineering projects so as to make positive contribution to the ecology.
This thesis begins with the discussion between architecture and our ecology. Architecture started from a primitive shelter on the ground. From time to time, architecture signifies our civilisation. But at the same time, the man built pulled away mankind from the the nature. The ecological system was interrupted by the erection of architecture.
In Hong Kong, there are plenty of examples demonstrasting the aforementioned phenomenon. Land reclamation is an action that we practise vigorously to expand we mankind's territory by reducing the others' habitat in the water.
Architecture contributes to our city development, however, being negative to the ecological system that exists in the natural environment. This thesis will investigate to alter the role of architecture in terms of the man-ecology relationship from negative to positive. In a more precise wording, the architecture becomes a mediator between mankind and the ecology.
Research Framework
01. Analytical study of land reclamation and infrastructure in view of man and marine ecology -Man-built vs Ecology
02. Non-architectural Precedent Study -Mangrove Ecosystem -Artificial Reef -Chinese White Dolphin
03. Architectural Precedent Study: technology and construction to build with water -Floating Architecture: Pontoon, Barge, Fishing village -Water Architecture: Stilt House, Submarine, Pier -Underwater Architecture: Poseidon Undersea Resort
04. Site Analysis -Tung Chung: Land reclamation and Ecology -HongKong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge -Masterplan
05. Program Study -A program that brings man close to the water, raising our awareness towards the marine ecology -A place where the marine habitat can be enhanced through architectural means -Circulation study: Redefining the relation between man and marine life from the ordinary aquariums
06. Architectural Approach -A metaphor of mangrove system -The role between Land/Floating/Underwater architecture
07. Final design -A floating marine ecology centre
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> 01 Thesis Framework
01 - Man Built vs Ecology
Negative Infra structural Ecology It includes all kind of engineering projects like land reclamation, building a bridge over the mountain, the habour or the sea, landfill, digging tunnels, etc. These works has greatly destroyed the habitats of the surrounding ecology through pollution, damaging their food source and their homes.
Neutral Infrastructural Ecology In the recent decades, people have growing concern towards the ecology and environment. The design of these civil engineering projects becomes more sensitive to the surroundings. The infrastructural works with less or even no damage to the surrounding ecology will be regarded as neutral ecological infrastructure.
Positive Infrastructural Ecology In this thesis, the aim is to investigate a positive ecological infrastructure, so that not only the ecology would not be affected by the infrastructure, but also gain benefit to grow sourrounding it . As a final goal, people can enjoy and learn more about the ecology.
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> 02 Non-architectural Precedent Study
02 - Non-architectural Precedent Study a) Mangrove Ecosystem -Natural co-habitation between mangrove and marine life -Mangrove grows in the intertidal area with adaption to the salinity of water -The soil is rich in nutrients in the intertidal zone -The roots of mangrove provides a place for the marine life to live, feed and breed
、 Bigger carnivores Small fish, crabs, shrimps,
02 - Non-architectural Precedent Study b) Artificial Reef -they can be found in many different forms as hollow blocks -as an architecture built by the human contribute to the ecology -tailor-made to fit in different marine condition -soem are transformed from the materials used by human -important to those marine condition with hard floor seabed and without coral reef
Quarry Rock
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02 - Non-architectural Precedent Study c) Chinese White Dolphins
Activities and habits Breaching jumping high above water
Spy-hopping observing the surrounding
Porpoising fast swimming to predate
Predation along shallow coastal region
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Seasonal living patterns Winter Spring
Movement- Food abunH;.nrP changes dyg t? mmfi\ 術 S f l ^ 9f P诉f丨 Estuarv
Dolphin's Habit
Feeding Habit -mainly fishes, they like to gather behind the pair trawlers, or breaching to hit the fish
- ^ Feeding Habit -mainly fishes, they like to gather behind the pair trawlers, or breaching to hit the fish w
Breeding Habit -breeding season around may-august -Pregnancy for 11 months with 1 baby -The mother will teach the baby swimming, sometimes with companions together teaching
• Breeding Habit -breeding season around may-august -Pregnancy for 11 months with 1 baby -The mother will teach the baby swimming, sometimes with companions together teaching
• -breeding season around may-august -Pregnancy for 11 months with 1 baby -The mother will teach the baby swimming, sometimes with companions together teaching
Resting Habit -Rest at night in the calm water region Resting Habit -Rest at night in the calm water region “ ‘ w
Grouping Habit -around 4 in a group Grouping Habit -chnaging grouping from time to time
Habitat -Waterdepth < 20m -Coastal living along the Pearl River with natural coastal line, turning corner of an island and the region with fast water flow for the abundant food resource
Habitat -Waterdepth < 20m -Coastal living along the Pearl River with natural coastal line, turning corner of an island and the region with fast water flow for the abundant food resource
-Waterdepth < 20m -Coastal living along the Pearl River with natural coastal line, turning corner of an island and the region with fast water flow for the abundant food resource
Communication -Echolocation to find food and communicate with companions Communication -Echolocation to find food and communicate with companions
planning implication
place to attract fishes -> become attraction to dolphin for food resources
provision of place that they find safe to give birth to their babies
provision of place that they feel calm
Behavior -display a variety of activities like breaching and spyhopping. -like to play around the boats with the sound of motor
Behavior -display a variety of activities like breaching and spyhopping. -like to play around the boats with the sound of motor
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Threat -Habitat loss or disturbance, water pollution, vessel collision, depletion of food resources.
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Threat -Habitat loss or disturbance, water pollution, vessel collision, depletion of food resources.
provision of place for them to play, with a certain range of frequency that they like
provision of place that is free of danger and pollution
Survey Method -Line Transect Boat Survey, Distant observation from mountain or from the air. -Photo Idenfication
Survey Method -Line Transect Boat Survey, Distant observation from mountain or from the air. -Photo Idenfication
^ -Line Transect Boat Survey, Distant observation from mountain or from the air. -Photo Idenfication
^ provision of a permanent research centre to enhance the dolphin research
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Dolphin's habitat in Hong Kong
Feeding Region Dolphins predate usually along the coastal line with water not deeper than 10m
Dolphin's Home Range Live in a group of 4 upto 20 dolphins with home range from 30km^ - 300km'
Lack of Food Source along the reclaimed coastal line
Travelling Distance per day 30km
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Dolphin's living region in Pearl River Estuary
Estuarine Water ,
Transition Zone to Oceanic Water
Pearl River Estuary - Habitat for about 1200 Chinese White Dolphin
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> 03 Architectural Precedent Study
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03 - Architectural Precedent Study a) Water architecture
"...One of the greatest charms of water is its buoyancy. In a way, water gives things wings. To experience what it is like to defy gravity one need not go into orbit in outer space but simply know the feel of being buoyed up by a body of water..." ,
Ma koto Sei Watanabe
Buoyancy The unique phenomenon in Water
On land, we can move only forward and backward, right and left. In water, we can also move upward and downward, in whatever direction we desire. A totally new world unfolds there, the marvel of which we can understand through experience. Real appreciation of a space that allows free movements requires experience. Knowing is one thing and understanding is another. Only in water can we truly grasp the three-dimensionality of space.
Tides understanding the physical phenomenon of water
Intertidal Zonation Because intertidal organisms endure regular periods of immersion and emersion, they essentially live both underwater and on land and must be adapted to a large range of climatic conditions. The intensity of climate stressors varies with elevation (or 'relative tide height') because organisms living at higher tide heights are emersed for longer periods than those living at lower tide heights. This gradient of climate with tide height leads to patterns of intertidal zonation, with'high intertidal'species being more adapted to emersion stresses than'low intertidal'species. These adaptations may be behavioral (i.e. movements or actions), morphological (i.e. characteristics of external body structure), or physiologi-cal (i.e. internal functions of cells and organs).[1] In addition, such adaptations generally'cost'the organism in terms of energy (e.g. to move or to grow certain structures), leading to 'trade-offs' (i.e. 'spending' more energy on deterring predators leaves less energy for other functions like reproduction).
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Categories of water architecture
High Portability
Floating Architecture
Submerging Architecture
Low Portability Standing on Piles
Historical development of water living Historical Period
Protection from enemies Availability of water and food Living on a commercial transport waterway.
Work and Space - Early 20th Century -Industrial and commercial development in the early 20th century saw a need to use water for living. -Rising urban density and land prices were responsible for a growing pressure to seek alternative homes on the water.
Normality - Contemporary European Cities like Amsterdam, Hamburg and Berlin are now looking to integrate floating architecture into city development plans. The idea of individuality, flood protection and the lack of building land generated floating settlements as normal housing areas on the water.
The public interest in floating architecture also shows different mentalities and desires. There are indications that the idea of living on the water is gradually losing its "freak" label and is increasingly being seen as an attractive option of living and working in a water environment. This construction culture is
S H . V treated as a "conventional" alternative to ground-based housing.
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Connection of the autonomous communities
Venice is composed of 125 islands, separated by about 182 canals and connected by about 473 bridges. Each island consisted of a small community, with a church and a public square forming the hearth of the community and the residences surrounding them.
Connection among these islands through water transport is common. People widely use gondola and traghetti to travel along the canal to the destinations or across the canal.Though bridges also provide connections among the islands, it is not easy to oriente yourself after passing through some islands.
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Canal as Moat, Irrigation and Support to Daily Life
In Suzhou, 42%of the area is covered by water. Most part (four-fifths) of the Taihu Lake, one of the four major freshwater lakes in China and the famous ancient wonder, the Grand Canal, both traverse the city. The Yangtze River skirts the city, too. The Jinji Lake in the eastern part of the city shows Suzhou's modern image, while the city moat forms a boundary line of the old town. Apart from these, numerous unknown small lakes and rivers make Suzhou a water city in the true sense of the word.
With a history of 2,500 years, Suzhou has still preserved its ancient hydro-system, which is also vividly depicted as one with a circular ring, three horizontal lines and four vertical lines. Located on the Yangtze River Delta, many villages and towns (Suzhou and Shanghai included) used the abundant water for irrigation and transportation. Thus many villages are built around a canal system. While modern architecture and infrastructure have all but made canals obsolete, these villages have centers that haven't changed for hundreds of years.
Community living with water Role of water in Venice
Role of water inSuzhou
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03 - Architectural Precedent Study b) Construction over water
Oresund Bridge - Cross Regional Link of Sweden and Denmark H o u s i n g H o u s i n g
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-Forming the Oresund Region- 3.6 million inhabitants and covering 21203 km^ -The travelling time is shortened from 1 hour to 10 minutes from Copenhagen to Malmo -The number of commutors using the bridge is about 18500 per day -The purpose of travelling is for work, study, business and holiday
Treasure Island San Francisco - Urban Utopia
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Treasure l s l ^ n d = ^ t a f n a b l e City
-Urban Oasis in the middle of sea, away from the big city -Sits in the middle of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge -Car independent, 10 minutes walk from residential area to city centre -Connected with the land by ferry -A sustainable city with a population of 13500 residences -Originally built in 1939 for Golden Gate International Exposition and recently opened for public in -It has a land area of 1.63 km^ similar to Tsing Yi Island's land area
A Plan for Tokyo, 1960 - a new Traffic System
H o u s i n g
Centripetal Traffic Flow
Civic Axis
03 - Architectural Precedent Study c) Floating technology
Teatro del Mondo (Aldo Rossi, Venice 1979)
Badeschiff (Gil Wilk/Susanne Lorenz, Berlin 2004)
Image
Description
Dimension
Material
Volume vs. Bouyancy
Drawings
TwtfO del Mondo was conitrocted for the 1979-80 Venice Bienrule. This theatre wwnota pUce ioMy to watch peffofmancw but also
ding was erected over be»rm. *»etded togethef • raft The tubular sted structure is paneled with wood.
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West India Quay Floating Bridge {Future Systems, London 1996)
Villa Nackros (Staffan Strindberg, Kalmar 2004)
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The Floating House (John M. Johansen, 1996)
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Mariculture Structure (Philippines)
Dive Node (Darren Seng Sian Hou, NUS 2002)
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sffordability of centrally touted sites and the econofnic r iti plywood construction on the standard Thames barge.
Plywood constructkMi on top of standard Thames barge 15m in height of barge submefged Into th« water fof services.
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> 04 Site Analysis
04 - Site Analysis a) Infrastructure development in Chek Lap Kok
Before 1994 ‘ 1996-2008
Since 2010
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04 - Site Analysis b) Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge
Location _,;。， The length of the bridge is 39km with 7km of it turns to be a undersea tunnel in the middl? part to allow fey pass of large ships and minimise the impact to ecology.
Water as the physical border Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge is a connection between lands on the water. It serves as an important impulse of 3 different cities in PRD. The water in this region originally means a border or boundary to Hong Kong with Macau and Zhuhai.Thier connection rely on the water transport which is slow and inefficient. The establishment of the bridge change the border condition of Hong Kong. To cross the border between Zhuhai and Hong Kong only takes 30 minutes drive.The water in this region of border zone has a lot of value to development, in terms of economic, ecology, culture, transportation and entertainment.
Traffic / Parking conestion
Cultural Conflict
Ecology _
Tourist boom -The boom of private vehicles and population concentration in the border region brings congestion, pollution. -Rise in the land price will alter the origin nature of the place. The resdences around the border region no longer suitable for them to inhabit.
Logistic boom -It will turn to be a hub for the exchange of container box. -Transportation will be the predominating factor in the development of this region.
Heavy construction on water -The harm to the marine life and the ecology.
Water serves as a buffer zone for the direct impact between the bridge and the land.
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骨 • 脊 贅 People Flow/Day >200,000
Car Flow/Day >40,000 - igT. fTf料
Location The length of the bridge is 39km with 7km of it turns to be a tunnel in the middle part to allow bypass of large ships and minimise the impact to ecology.
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The first imapct after the construction of the bridge - Border as the centre for radial expansion
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04 - Site Analysis c) Masterplaning for the location of the Proposed Dolphin Centre
Entrance to Walkway
Scale 1:12500 ©
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Proposed H-Z-M Bridge Hiking Trail Existing Village Houses Marshland Large Development in Tung Chung Existing Road System
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> 05 Programme Study
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05 - Programme Study
ARTIFICIAL REEF & ARCHITECTURE
INfRASTRUCUTRE
CHEK LAP KOK LAND RECLAMATION
l-MACAU BRIDGE
NEGATIVE RESPONSE
9.5km' LOSS OF DOLPHIN'S PRIMARY HABITAT
DAMAGE IN FOOD CHAIN ALONG COASTUNE
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-PROVISION OF ARTIFICIAL REEF TO RECREATE THE HABITAT FOR SMALL FISHES & OTHER MARINE LIVINGS
-TO RESUME THE LOSS FOOD CHAIN FOR THE DOLPHINS IN THE CORRESPONDING REGION
-TO PROVIDE A FLOATING PUBLIC SPACE FOR VISITORS TO ENJOY & UNDERSTAND THE MARINE ECOLOGY
SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTRE EDU(
DIVING RESEARCHERS
Ife•一 AQUACULTURE
SATFF DORMITORY
FLOATING PROTOTYPE
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MULTIMEDIA THEATRE
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> 06 Architectural Design Schemes
06 - Architectural approach a) Artificial reef as architecture
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06 - Architectural approach b) Floating village
06 - Architectural approach c) Capturing views of Dolphins
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07 - Final Design
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07- Final Design A floating net on the surface of the sea allows biological fouling like algae, parasites to grow. It creates a habitat for different scale of biodiversity, a nomadic ecosystem, an open farm. Instead of an enclosing fish farm, this open environment allows the marine livings free to come in and out.
FLOATING MARINE ECOLOGY CENTRE
FLOATING ALGAE NET
ARTIFICIAL REEF
FOOD CHAIN FOR
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i vcp iud i u idy id i i i s Loss of primary habrtat of small fishes along coastline due to the construction of infrastructure.
FAMILY HOSTEL AQUARIUM EDUCATION CENTRE RESEARCH CENTRE Compensation of habitat by introducing the approximate
length of artificial reef to recreate marine habitat
SMALL FISH HABITAT Curvy form to increase surface area with same length to keep the created habitat close to the original one.
LARGE FISH HABITAT
Allowing different scale of biodiversity to inhabit with changing sizes of algae net and artificial reef
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View fromVisitor Centre
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View inside Education Centre
View from underwater observation deck of Aquarium
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Balanced Infrastructural Ecology A Floating Marine Ecology Centre Cye Wong Kai Yan
THESIS ABSTRACT
The expansion of human mutations in behaviour. B) — to respond to the man-built that overlap with other animals' habitat for the potential of adaptation.
The research begins with the study of the opposing force between the man-made infrastructure and the natural ecology. In history, people built bridges as they wanted to overcome the natural borders, in order to bring convenience, accessibility and connectivity among ourselves. Architecture contributes to our city development at the same time being negative to the ecological system that exists in the natural environment In Hong Kong, there are plenty of examples demonstrating the aforementioned phenomenon Land reclamation Is an action that we practise vigorously to expand we mankind's territory by reducing the marine livings habitat in the water. This thesis will Investigate a way to alter the role of architecture in terms of the man-ecology relationship from negative to positive by providing a new type of manmade ecology namely infrastructural ecology to balance the negative impact brought by the infrastructural projects. In other words, the architecture will become a mediator between mankind and the ecology.
域市發展中人SK详築的 iS求與欲a往往忽箱了大0然的生》平衡. i?山JB海.築讲》路在城市基3中 f t很常見.但司時卻Wtt了Ka然生®的保M . «頃了許多 « 核的天然届所》至3牠們的食物埋•本进文以a将6 1工的港珠澳大« 1 ? 1 2_«水域的生S S K的K s作a研究起K ,並以香有的中S白海场a研究辛.课討在城市 »59中》»的角色與定位.a人好溪超《自然生 f f i得以平衡•此SS計方累以赤K角西面的海面為®池.》13_群組浮動生態溪第.19計窗以平*的生裤明為主
.系列人工魚 f f i作為魚《的後所以至中S白海释的食椅销•而浮動的水 la海洋中心.杉研中心.旅舍.互動《¥中心.S水中心等雜56讓大S可以箱新的aKS’
B A C K G R O U N D RESt.'HC H
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ling Region IS predate usually af lly along the consul line wrth v/jter noi deeper ih^n lOtn
Dolphin's Home Range Uv? in i group of 4 upto 20 doiphlm with honv u
Lack of Food Source along
Travelling Distance per day 30km
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Bibliography
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Esthetics in concrete bridge design Stewart C. Watson, M.K. Hurd Chinese white dolphin Agriculture, Fisheries & Conservation Department Zhonghua bai haitun
Xianggang de yi ke ming zhu / Hong Jiayao Between sea and city: eight piers forThessaloniki Sabine Lebesque , Realms of impossibility. Water C.J. Urn KenzoTange, 1946-1969: architecture and urban design Udo Kultermann Natur und Abstraktion
Jose Luis Mateo Water house Felix Flesche Cities on water and transport Rinio Bruttomesso Site preparation for the new Hong Kong International Airport G.W. Plant, C5. Covil and R.A. Hughes Future systems Marcus Field Living by the sea : 25 international examples Christine Desmoulins Nanoarchitecture: a new species of architecture John M. Johansen Amphibious living Hans Venhuizen
Special thanks to...
Shiqiao my dear tutor who supervises the progress of my thesis and teaches me a lot. The thesis would not be completed without your guidance and encouragement.
Sophie who is always supporting me in this pressuring year. Lucky to have you with me in thse years.
Dad, mum, and sister you always back me up and give me warmth when i'm back home.
Bobby, Bun, Carrie, Fai, Francis, Kathy, Kiros, Ming, Sam thanks for giving me a helping hand in the final stage, you really help a lot.
All professors in CUHK architecture department thanks for your kind teaching and sharing.
And thanks to all my friends who share joys and laughters during the days!
THANK YOU ALL!
ARCHITECTURE LIBRARY 建 築 學 圖 書 餘
THESIS畢業論文 Overdue Fines on Thesis
HKSl.OO per hour 4 hrs.
Time Due . . — 還書時間
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C U H K e s
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