Crude Oil by RailPreparedness

WI Towns Association ConventionOctober 11, 2016

Wisconsin Emergency Management

Crude Oil Incident Preparedness

We will cover:

• About Wisconsin Emergency Management• Wisconsin’s railroad footprint• Overview of crude-by-rail transportation• Recent Federal regulations• Response Teams and Resources• Mutual Aid Systems• State and Federal Support• Planning efforts• Training and Exercise Opportunities• Duties of the Commissioner of Railroads• Federal system – Federal Railroad

Administration (US DOT – PHMSA)

Wisconsin Emergency Management

GOVERNOR

ADJUTANT GENERALMaj Gen Don Dunbar

DEPUTY AG ARMYBG Mark Anderson

DEPUTY AG AIRBrig Gen Gary Ebben

DEP AG JNT STAFF Maj Gen John McCoy

WEM ADMIN.Brian Satula

Department of Military Affairs

Wisconsin Emergency Management

Mission: Prepare, Support and CoordinateVision: Help build Disaster-resilient CommunitiesLines of Effort:• Administrative

(grants, Domops, PIO, and budget)• Planning and Preparedness

(training, cat. planning, EPCRA, REP)• Response and Recovery

(field support, recovery, mitigation)• Mission Support

(warning/comms, GIS, credentialing)• Conduit for state and federal resources

Wisconsin Emergency Management

WEM Regions

Wisconsin’s Railroad Footprint

Railroad Facts

• First railroad in WI – 1847• Currently 13 freight

railroads• Three Type 1 railroad lines• 3,300 route miles• 4,500 railroad crossings• 162 million tons of freight• $122 billion in value• Current two passenger

routes: Empire Builder

(Chicago to Seattle) Hiawatha Service

(Milwaukee to Chicago)

• 820,000 passengers

Railroad Transportation

Crude-by-Rail Transport• Over 16 thousand carloads/week• Over 1.6 million barrels/day

Annual Rail Transport• Over 570K carloads/week• Percentage of Rail Traffic

Intermodal (containers) 53.9% Grain, farm products 10.5% Stone, sand, gravel 9.9% Petroleum/products 7.3% Coal 4.5% Vehicles/vehicle parts 2.3% Other 11.6%

DOT Secretary’s “Call to Action”

• January 2014• Classification of crude oil• Operational controls• Tank car integrity – voluntary

improvements

What does the May 7th DOT emergency order say?• Notification to the SERC – rail lines,

threshold quantities, ave. per week• Railroads have begun to report• Unannounced inspections/testing• Urging railroad co.’s to use highest

level integrity tank cars

New Federal Regulations

• Issued on May 1, 2015

• U.S. and Canada

• New tank car construction

• Specific requirements include: New braking (2021) Speed limits (Now) Testing products shipped Rail Routing – information

• New design (2018) Bulkhead shields Thermal protection Valve protection Reinforced outlets Thicker shells

Fixing America’s Surface Transportation(FAST) Act

December 4, 2015o Creates a new competitive grant program - Community Safety Grants:

Allows nonprofit organizations to provide outreach and training programs to help communities prepare for and respond to incidents involving hazardous materials;

Provides training for State and local hazardous materials professionals who enforce hazardous materials safety regulations.

o Improves Emergency Preparedness and Response: Clarifies the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) authority to facilitate the

movement of essential hazardous material during national emergencies; Improve the government's ability to carry out emergency response efforts.

o Improves the Safe Transportation of Flammable Liquids by Rail: Requires that all tank cars used to transport crude oil and other hazardous liquids

meet the new, safer tank car specifications outlined in DOT's High Hazard Flammable Train rule to strengthen the safe transportation of flammable liquids;

Requires that tank cars be retrofitted to meet the new DOT-117, DOT-117P or DOT-117R specifications, and establishes a new timeline to phase-out tank cars.

o Improves the Effectiveness of the Hazardous Materials Grant Programs: Streamlines and seeks to maximize the impact of grants; Promotes greater accountability and flexibility in administrating grants.

What about Crude Oil?

Definition: A naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits that are refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various forms of petrochemicals.

Crude Oil Properties

Sweet and Sour crude mean?• Impurities – sulfur, benzene, gases• Sweet crude – less sulfur content• Sour crude – more sulfur content

Other Properties• Low flash point – high vapor press.• Low viscosity – flows easily• Vapor density – heavier than air• Specific gravity – lighter than water• BTU production – exposure tank cars• Compares to gasoline

UN/NA - 1267

UN/NA - 1203

Crude Oil Transportation

Sour Crude

Sweet Crude

Crude Oil Incidents

• July 6, 2013 – Lac-Megantic, Quebec, CAunattended train, derail, fire, 47 killed, evac.

• February 16, 2015 – Mt. Carbon, West Virginia derailment, fire, oil release into Kanawha River

• March 5, 2015 - Galena, Illinois, derailment, fire, oil release into Galena/Mississippi River

* All these incidents have the same thing in common – they all traveled through Wisconsin before they had the incident.

Concerns

Question: Hazardous Materials issue or firefighting issue?

Answer: It’s both and its . . .

• Public safety – evacuation• Environmental – ground (wells), air, water• Fuel – heat production• Tactical differences – population centers vs

rural areas• Frequency – number of freight trains• Resource dependent – availability of foam

product

Risk or Potential

Unit Trains – up to 100 cars (30,000-gallons each)

Discussion About Risk

Risk Defined

DHS Definition of Risk = Threat X Vulnerability X Consequence

Threat – domestic and international terrorism(30%) (disrupted plots, threat reporting from

known or suspected actors)

Vulnerability – targeted sectors and vector ease(20%) (specific infrastructure, frequency of

opportunity and border entry)

Consequence – highest factor in risk(50%) (specific to population, economic

stability, critical infrastructure, national security, and environmental impact)

Wisconsin’s Risk StrategyRisk can/will never be fully eliminated; doing so would be cost-prohibitive.Buy down risk with our resources; prioritize by greatest to least risk.

Discussion About Risk

What do we know about risk?

Key Risk Factors• Population and proximity (public safety)• Residences and businesses• Environment• Local, state and national economy• Critical infrastructure

Critical Outcome Factors• Connections• Risk mitigation• Preparedness• Response systems• Support resources• Coordination

Area of highestpopulation in

the state

Discussion About Risk

PopulationUnion Pacific/Canadian National

Burlington Northern/Santa Fe

Canadian Pacific

Discussion About Risk

Case StudiesMilwaukee County Buffalo County

Wisconsin Counties (34)

Buffalo, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dodge, Douglas, Fond du Lac, Grant, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, La Crosse, Marathon, Milwaukee, Monroe, Outagamie, Pepin, Pierce, Portage, Racine, Rusk, Sawyer, Sauk, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Winnebago, and Wood.

Crude Oil Transportation Routes – 34 Counties

Douglas Bayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

Polk Barron Rusk Marinette

Langlade

Oconto

LincolnTaylor

Menominee

Shawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

JuneauMonroeLa

Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

Jefferson

Waukesha

WalworthKenosha

Racine

Ozaukee

Milwaukee

Washington

Wisconsin Counties (19)

Douglas, Washburn, Sawyer, Rusk, Chippewa, Taylor, Clark, Marathon, Portage, Wood, Waupaca, Outagamie, Winnebago, Fond du Lac, Dodge Washington, Waukesha, Walworth, Racine, and Kenosha.

Canadian National RRUnion Pacific RR

Douglas Bayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

Polk Barron Rusk Marinette

Langlade

Oconto

LincolnTaylor

Menominee

Shawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

Juneau

MonroeLa Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

JeffersonWaukesha

WalworthKenosha

Racine

Ozaukee

Milwaukee

Washington

Wisconsin Counties (10)

La Crosse, Monroe, Juneau, Columbia, Dodge, Jefferson, Kenosha Waukesha, Milwaukee, Racine, and Sauk.

Canadian Pacific RR

Douglas Bayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

Polk Barron Rusk Marinette

Langlade Oconto

LincolnTaylor

MenomineeShawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

JuneauMonroeLa

Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

Jefferson

WalworthRacine

Ozaukee

Washington

WaukeshaMilwaukee

Kenosha

Wisconsin Counties (8)

Pierce, Pepin, Buffalo, Trempealeau, La Crosse, Vernon, Crawford, and Grant.

Burlington Northern-Santa Fe RR

Douglas Bayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

Polk Barron Rusk Marinette

Langlade

Oconto

LincolnTaylor

Menominee

Shawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

JuneauMonroeLa

Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

Jefferson

Waukesha

WalworthKenosha

Racine

Ozaukee

Milwaukee

Washington

• Prevention• Protection

• Rapid Response• Comprehensive

• Mitigation• Buy down risk

• Recovery• Whole Community

Starting Point: Strategic Focus

ReducedProbabilityof Failure

ReducedConsequences

Reduced Timeto Restoration

Resilience

Hazardous MaterialsEmergency Preparedness Grant

Three-Year Strategy

Year 1: Survey the Hazardous Materials Environment and Identify Risk AreasSeptember 2016 to September 2017 – Targeted Goals

Year 2: Assess Preparedness, Response Capability and Training DeliverySeptember 2017 to September 2018 – Intended Goals

Year 3: Identify Gaps, Key Recommendations and Implementation StrategiesSeptember 2018 to September 2019 – Intended Goals

• Collaborative planning efforts• Develop flexible operational capabilities• Tiered response systems• Assess and identify risk factors• Awareness of your physical and risk environment• Identify capability resources and needs• Monitor information resources• Utilize the incident command system• Training and exercise for your environment

Community/County Strategy

“All disasters start and end locally”

Shipment Notifications

DOT Emergency Order – May 6, 2014

Bakken Crude Oil Shipment NotificationE-sponder Site

Mutual Aid Box Alarm System

Douglas Bayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

Polk Barron Rusk Marinette

Langlade

Oconto

LincolnTaylor

Menominee

Shawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

JuneauMonroeLa

Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

Jefferson

Waukesha

WalworthKenosha

Racine

Ozaukee

Milwaukee

Washington

88% of the counties affected are organizedwithin MABAS

Resources

Resources

Douglas Bayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

Polk Barron Rusk Marinette

Langlade

Oconto

LincolnTaylor

Menominee

Shawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

JuneauMonroeLa

Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

Jefferson

Waukesha

WalworthKenosha

Racine

Ozaukee

Milwaukee

Washington

Type I Team

Type II Team

Type III Team

88% of the teams are within 60-min. response time

Hazardous Materials Teams

Foam and Equipment Cache

Foam Supplies:• 1600 gallons, appliances, & pumps

at REACT Center – Volk Field• 1500 gallons at Mitchell

International Airport• 1500 gallons in the Fox Valley• Railroad-owned cache of foam and

equipment• Future locations – prioritized by risk

o SW Regiono NE Regiono NW Region

DouglasBayfield

Ashland

Iron

Vilas

Florence

Forest

OneidaPrice

SawyerWashburnBurnett

PolkBarron Rusk Marinette

Langlade

Oconto

LincolnTaylor

Menominee

Shawano Door

KewauneeBrownOutagamie

Waupaca

Marathon

Clark

ChippewaDunn

St. Croix

Pierce

Buffalo

Pepin

TrempealeauJackson

Wood

Portage

WausharaAdams

Juneau

MonroeLa

Crosse

Eau Claire

Vernon

Richland Sauk Columbia

Winnebago

Fond du Lac

CalumetManitowoc

Sheboygan

DaneCrawford

Grant

Iowa

La Fayette Green Rock

Dodge

MarquetteGreen Lake

Jefferson

Waukesha

WalworthKenosha

Racine

Ozaukee

Milwaukee

Washington

MinneapolisSt. Paul, MN

Des Moines, IAChicago, IL

Resources

Goal: Have additional foam supplies available in Notification + 2 hours.

REACT Center – Foam Resources

Resources include:• 1,600 gallons of 3% foam conc.

(55,000 gal. foam product)• Two pumps for off loading• Two monitor application nozzles• We will deliver to the incident

How to Access:• Determine the need• Call the WEM Duty Officer

1-800-943-0003, Option 2• Provide the following:

POC – phone/cell Type of incident Delivery county/location/GPS Access/entry route DNR notified

Resources

What resources areavailable to you?

• Emergency Response Guidebook• Chemtrec• Railroad companies• Mutual Aid Systems – MABAS• Hazardous Materials Teams• Cache of foam and equipment• State and Federal resources

1-800-262-8200

Current Data Analysis

What was revealed?

0

5

10

15

20

25

2011-2016 RAILROAD INCIDENTS

Provide training on response to flammable liquid fires.

Source: https://hazmatonline.phmsa.dot.gov/IncidentReportsSearch/

What state support available?

Planning and Preparedness• WI Emergency Response Plan• WI Fire Service Emergency Response Plan• WI Hazardous Materials Response System• Develop incident action plans• Training and Exercises• State agency response coordinators

Response and Recovery• Type 2 IMT• Wisconsin Emergency Support Team – WEST

State agencies supporting Local/County EOC’s• Recovery Task Force – state agencies

responsible for recovery: economy, health and social services, housing, infrastructure and environment

Training and Exercises

Training• Center for Domestic Preparedness • SERTC – railroad company sponsored• Training – HMEP funded• NIMS/ICS – HSGP funded• Training – State GPR funded

Exercises• Upper Mississippi – October 2014• Operation Safe Delivery – June 2015• Miles Paratus – June 2016• State and local exercises

Pilot Training Program

Goals and Provisions of the Pilot:• Provides training on crude oil transport and response in two formats• Training provided at no cost to departments/responders attending• Students receive a certificate of completion at the conclusion of class• Geared toward the volunteer fire community• Registration on the WEM Training Portal (Dates, Times, and PPE)

• Format 1: 8-hour Awareness Course (class instruction only) Delivered at a county location Topics include:

- Container and chemical identification- Properties of flammable/combustible liquids; Bakken Crude Oil- Methods of transmission (rail and pipeline) and transport

Response protocols and responder safety

• Format 2: Format 1 plus 8-hour hands-on (class and practical) The awareness class and the hands-on class can be offered back to back

at Volk Field when demand for this coupling exists Full PPE required of the students

Operation Safe Delivery Exercise

Partners Involved:• Local• State• Federal

Exercise Objectives:• First Day – Command and

Communication• Second Day - Recovery• Operational Coordination

Concept:

• Provide support to local field response and recovery activities;• Serve as a state agency point of contact to the field;• Report agency information to the emergency operations center (EOC);• Provide a local--state conduit for resource requests and management.• Provide staffing in the County/Local EOC, if needed.

Wisconsin Emergency Support Team

Design

• Lead by Regional Director;• State agencies will designate a team

member;• Team members have the authority to

coordinate actions their Department.

Command

Coordination

Wisconsin Emergency Support Team

WI Emergency Management

Local/CountyEOC

WEMRegional Director

WI Emergency Support Team

(WEST)

IncidentCommand

StateAgencies

Governor

Incident Management

Team

FieldOperations

Incident Engagement Incident Structure Incident Support

Strategic Support

Operational Support

Tactical Operations

What about tactics?

• Establish command (IC/UC)

• Determine the scope/call for help

• Rescue immediate threatened

• Critical exposure protection

• Exclusion zone/perimeter/access control

• Identify the products involved/sources

• Public and responder safety

• Crisis communications

• Know when you are overwhelmed

• Call for help (1-800-943-0003, Option 2)

Determine Incident Strategy

• Offensive

• Defensive

• Non-Intervention

Considerations for incident strategy: Evacuation or shelter-in-

place Impact on the environment Technical expertise Containment of the product Evaporation rate Extinguishment vs. burn off Air and water monitoring Lead time for resources –

manpower, foam, equipment and water supply.

What are the takeaways?

Final Analysis• Pipelines vs. Trains• Hazardous Materials, flammables are transported everyday• Develop a broad range of capabilities and identify resources• Best course is collaboration, planning, information sharing

Key principles of the NPG Engaged partnerships Tiered response Scalable, flexible, adaptable

operational capabilities Unity of effort through

unified command Readiness to Act

Concluding Thought

“Preparing by word and deed for the unthinkable is hardly a pleasant exercise, but if we engage in it today, we can prevent far greater harm from befalling us tomorrow. If we plan for the worst, we just might avoid some and maybe even all of it.”

Michael ChertoffFormer DHS Secretary

Wisconsin Emergency Management

QUESTIONS??