bai giang_cong nghe che bien khi

8/7/2019 Bai giang_cong nghe che bien khi

1/96

CCNG NGHNG NGH CHCHBIBIN KHN KH

(45(45tititt))

GiaGiaoo vinvin phuphu tratrachch: L TH: L TH NHNH YY


2/96

TAI LITAI LIU THAM KHAU THAM KHAOO1. Alexandre ROJEY, Traitement de gaz naturel, Technip,

1998.

2. John M. CAMPBELL, Gas conditioning and processing,Volume 1 and 2, John M. Campbell and Company, 1998.

3. Donald L. Katz & Robert L. Lee, Natural gas engineering -Production and Storage, McGraw-Hill, 1990.

4. MA. BERLIN - VG. GORTRENCOP - HP. VOLCOP, Dch:Hoang Minh Nam, Nguyn Vn Phc, Nguyn nh Soa,Phan Minh Tn; Cng ngh ch bin kh thin nhin va

kh du m, Trngi Hc Kthut TP HCM.5. Vn ai - Nguy n Trng Khun - Tr n Quang Tho - Vo

Th Ngoc Ti - Tr n Xoa; C s cac qua trnh va thit bcng ngh hoa hoc, Tp 1 & 2, Nha xut bn i Hc vaTrung hoc chuyn nghip.


3/96

NNI DUNGI DUNGGGmm88chchngng

1.1. GiGiiithithiuuvv khkhthinthin nhinnhin vv khkhdduumm2.2. CCccququ trtrnhnh cngcngnghngh ccbbnn chch bibinn khkh

3.3. LLmm sschch khkhkhkhiiccccttpp chchttcchhcc

4.4. TTchch condensatcondensat

5.5. KhKhnncc

6.6. KhKhacideacide7.7. TTchch ccccphnphn oonn hydrocarbonhydrocarbon

8.8. TTchch nitnit,, thuthungnngn,, HliHli


4/96

GIGII THII THIU VU VKH THINKH THINNHIN VA KH DNHIN VA KH DU MOU MO

1.1. NguNgunn ggcc2.2. PhPhnn loaloaii3.3. ThaThanhnhphphnn4.4. cctnhtnh

5.5. TTnhnh hhnhnh chch bibinn vava ss dudungngkhkhthinthin nhinnhin vava khkhdduu momo


5/96

11--NguNgunnggcccucuaakhkhthinthinnhinnhin

CoCo cucungngngungunn ggccvviidduu momoCoCo ngungunn ggcctt nhnhngngvvttliliuu hhuu ccbanban

uuCaCaccgiaigiaioaoann tataoo thathanhnh dduu khkh: 4: 4

TchTch oongngcacaccvvttliliuu hhuu ccbanban uu

BiBinn iicacaccchchtthhuu ccbbnn vvngngthathanhnh cacacchydrocacbonhydrocacbon banban uu cucuaa dduu khkh DiDicccucuaa dduu khkhnn cacaccbbnn chchaa thinthin nhinnhin DDuu khkhbibinn iititipp tutucctrongtrongcacaccbbyychchaa


6/96

22--PhPhnnloaloaii

TheoTheo ngungunn ggcc TheoTheo hahamm llngngkhkhacideacide TheoTheo thathanhnhphphnn khkhCC33++

TheoTheo thathanhnhphphnn khkhCC22

++


7/96

aa--PhPhnnloaloaiikhkhtheotheongungunnggcc

KhKh tt nhinnhin khaikhai thathacccc tt cacaccmomo khkh ringringbibitt.. KhiKhikhaikhaithathaccchchthuthu cckhkh;;

KhKhngng hahanhnh ((khkhdduu momo)) thuthu cccucungngvviiquaqua trtrnhnh khaikhaithathaccdduu.. KhKhnnmm trongtrongmomo dduu coco aappsusutt caocao nnnn chuchungng hohoaa tantan mmttphphnn trongtrong dduu..

KhiKhi khaikhai thathacc lnln dodo aapp susutt giagiamm nnnn chuchungng cctatachch rara thathanhnh khkhngnghahanhnh

NgoaNgoaii haihai loaloaii khkh trntrn coconn coco dadangng trungtrung giangian gigiaa

dduu vava khkh Condensate :Condensate : ththccchchtt lala phphnn uuiicucuaa khkh vava cucungng lala phphnn uu cucuaa dduu.. iiuu kikinnththngngCondensateCondensate dadangng lolongngnnnn ccgogoii lala khkh

ngngngngvviinhinhittcucuiikhoakhoangng20020000

CC


8/96

CCuutrutruccaahhnhnhcacaccmomokhkhthinthinnhinnhin,,condensatcondensat,, khkhngnghahanhnhvava dduumomo

Nc

Kh t nhind=0,1 0,2

Nc

Condensatd 0,4

Kh

Du

Nc

Kh ng hanh

Du mo

Nc

Du mod = 0,8 1


9/96

bb--PhPhnnloaloaiikhkhtheotheohahammllngngkhkhacideacidechchaatrongtrongkhkh

KhKhchuachua:: llngngHH22S > 1 %S > 1 % thth tchtchvava COCO22 > 2 %> 2 % thth tchtch ;; KhKhngongott:: llngngHH

22

SS 1 %1 % thth tchtchvava COCO22 2 %2 % thth tchtch


10/96

cc--PhPhnnloaloaiikhkhtheotheothathanhnhphphnnkhkhCC33++

KhKhbebeoo khkhgiagiauupropane, butanepropane, butane vava cacacchydrocarburehydrocarbure nnngng((> 150 g/cm> 150 g/cm33).).

TT khkhnanayy chch tataoo ccxxngng(LGN),(LGN), khkhdduu momo hoahoa lolongng(GPL)(GPL) vava cacacchydrocarburehydrocarbureringringbibittchocho ccngngnghngh ttngnghhpp hhuu cc..

KhKhggyy khkhchchaa tthydrocarburehydrocarbure nnngng((< 50 g/cm< 50 g/cm33)) ccss dudungngchuchu yyuu lalammnhinnhin liliuu chocho ccngngnghinghipp vava iissngng


11/96

KhKhkhkh : C: C22++ 10 %10 % ;;

KhKhmm : C: C22++ > 10 %> 10 %

dd--PhPhnnloaloaiikhkhtheotheothathanhnhphphnnkhkhCC22++


12/96

PhPhnnloaloaiikhkhtt nhinnhinvava khkhngng

hahanhnhtheotheothathanhnhphphnn%%ththtchtchvava trtrllngngdd oaoanncucuaattngngloaloaiitrntrnththgigiii(10(1099 mm33))

788012435841025370

Tr

lng

Kh m chua(kh ng

hanh hayCondensat)

Kh m ngot(kh ng

hanh hayCondensat)

Kh khchua(khthin

nhin)

Kh khngot(khthin

nhin)

Tn

goi

>10>1

>2

>10


13/96

33--ThaThanhnhphphnnkhkh

NhNh

ngng

cc

uu

tt

cc

baba

nn

::

meme

thanethane

,,

eethanethane

,,

propane, npropane, n--butanebutane vava isoiso--butane.butane.

CoConn pentanepentane vava cacacc hydrocarburehydrocarbure nono mamachch

ththngngcoco phphnn tt llngng llnn hhnn ththchichimm mmttllngngkhkhngngaangngkk..

TuyTuy nhinnhin dodo ngungunn ggcc cucuaa khkh tt nhinnhin vava

khkh dduu momo khakhacc nhaunhau nnnn thathanhnh phphnn cucuaachuchungngcucungngkhakhaccnhaunhau..


14/96

a.a. KhKhthinthinnhinnhin

KhKh tt nhinnhin coco thathanhnh phphnn chuchu yyuu lalamemethanethane (80(8099%99% thth tchtch).).

CaCacc momo khkh thinthin nhinnhin lala cacacc tutuii khkh nnmm

ssuu ddiimmttttvava thathanhnhphphnn khkh bbttccvv trtrnanaoo cucuaa tutuiikhkhcucungnggigingngnhaunhau ((trongtrongphapha khkh,, cacacc ccuu tt khkh cc khuykhuychch tatann

trongtrong nhaunhau rrtt uu)) ThaThanhnh phphnn khkhkhkhngngphuphu thuthuccvavaoo vvtrtrkhaikhaithathacc


15/96

b.b. KhKhdduumomo NgNgcc lalaii,, ngoangoaii thathanhnh phphnn nhinhiuu nhnhtt lala memethanethane

coconn coco chchaa eethanethane, propane, butane, propane, butane vava cacacc

hydrocarburehydrocarbure nnngngvvii hahamm llngng llnn hhnn aangng kksoso vviikhkhthinthin nhinnhin

ThaThanhnh phphnn cucuaa khkh thaythayii trongtrongmmttphaphamm vivikhakha

rrngng tuytuy theotheo momo dduu khaikhai thathacc,, vv trtr khaikhai thathacc vavaththii giangian khaikhai thathacc.. CaCacc momo dduu ththngng ttnn tataii ddiiaapp susuttcaocao nnnn mmttphphnn cacacchydrocarburehydrocarbure tratrangngthathaii khkh hoahoa tantan trongtrongphapha lolongng ; Khi; Khi cc khaikhai thathacclnln mmtt tt,, aapp susutt trntrn bb mmtt chchtt lolongng giagiammxuxungngnnnn llngngkhkhhoahoa tantan trongtronglolongngsese thoathoattrara

ththii giangian khaikhai thathacc cacangng dadaii PPcucuaa khkhtrntrn bb

mmttphapha lolongngcacangnggiagiamm ddnn khkhcacangng nnngng..


16/96

NgoaNgoaii rara,, trongtrong thathanhnh phphnn cucuaa khkh thinthin nhinnhin vavakhkh dduu momo coconn coco chchaa mmtt tt cacacc khkh tatapp nhnh ::HH22S, COS, CO22, N, N22, He, ..., He, ... vava mmttllngngnhonho Hg.Hg.

HH22SS :: ThThcc tt,, trongtrong thathanhnh phphnn aa ss cacacc khkhthinthin nhinnhin hahamm llngngHH22S


17/96

Bang 1.2 : Thanh phn cua kh thin

nhin va kh du mo khai thac t mt vaimo cua mt vai nc trn th gii

10830

120408130

27.5

0.10.1

0.8

--

0.7

0.70.5

5.5

51.8

7.5

51.3

12

102.3

14

103

32

69.291

Kh

dumo

798080509560

0.49.40.2

-0.2-

0.20.20.3

-0.84.8

0.10.51.7

0.21.61

0.35.52

98.881.890

Khthinnhin

PCIv(kcal/m3)

N2 vakhhim

H2SCO2C5H12vangphn

C4H10vangphn

C3H8

C2H6

CH4Loaikh


18/96

CaCacc phphnn oaoann

lolongng khakhacc nhaunhaucc bb trtr theotheommtt thangthang nhinhitt

ttngngngngbibiuudidinn nhinhitt ssiicucuaa cacacc

hydrocarburehydrocarbure aappsusuttkhkhquyquynn

0

-30

-80

-100

-160

Thang nhit Nhit (oC) si (oC)

n-Pentane36,074

i-Pentane27,852

n-Butane-0,5i-Butane

-11,73Propane-42,07

Ethane-88,63

Methane-161,49

Gazoline

(Gasoline)

Gaz de petroleliquefies (GPL)Liquefied

petroleum gas(LPG)

Gaz naturelliquefie (GNL)Liquefied

natural gas(LNG)

Liquides de gaznaturel (LGN)Natural gasliquids (NGL)


19/96

44-- TnhTnh chchtt vvtt lyly

KhKh hydrocacbonhydrocacbon khkhngng mamauu,, khkhngngmumuii,, khkhngng vv dodo vvyy khikhi ss dudungng ngngiitata thmthm vavaoo chchtt tataoo mumuii tutuyy theotheo mmcc

anan toatoann.. TnhTnh tantan cucuaa chuchungng khkhngng gigingng nhaunhau,,

khkhngngtrtrnn llnn vviinnccvava coco thth tantan dddadangngtrongtrongcacaccchchttmm,, chchtthhuu cc..

iimm ssii cucuaa nn--paraffineparaffine ttngng ddnn theotheo

ss nguynnguyn tt CacbonCacbon coco trongtrongmamachch..


20/96

55--TTnhnhhhnhnhchchbibinnvava ss

dudungngkhkhthinthinnhinnhinvava khkhdduumomo

AA--TrnTrnththgigiii KhKhthinthin nhinnhin vava khkhdduu momo lala ngungunn

chnhchnh cungcungccpp cacaccnguynnguyn liliuu quanquan

trotrongngnhnhttchocho ccngngnghinghipp hoahoa hohoccvavahoahoa dduu ::

EtaneEtane :: MyMy,, tt C2C2 aa chch bibinn 40% C240% C2==

((nguynnguyn liliuu quanquan trotrongngnhnhttcucuaa ccngngnghinghipp ttngnghhpp hoahoa hohocc))phuphuccvuvu chochosasann xuxuttnhnhaa ttngnghhpp, oxyde, oxyde eetyletylenene,,chchtthoahoattngngbb mmtt, ..., ...


21/96

TTnhnhhhnhnhsasannxuxuttkhkhthinthinnhinnhintrntrnththgigiii

((nnvv= 10= 1066

teptep==TriTriuuttnndduuttngngngng))(1(1ttnnGNLGNL 2,2 m2,2 m33 GNLGNL1350 m1350 m33(n)(n)khkh 1,21,2teptep))

262321151472,5Toan th gii

4001302701811271189213

22928441243

446,5112,5334,0114,5149,5992106

115191,530

161,5

467,078,5388,5

6915057850,5

63,594,516,578

Bc MyCanaaMy

Chu My La tinhTy ung uChu Phi

Trung ngChu A / Chu ai DngNht, Uc, Tn Ty LanCac nc khac

202020001985


22/96

TTnhnhhhnhnhtiutiuthuthu khkhthinthinnhinnhintrntrnththgigiii((nnvv==teptep))

262321151476Toan th gii

46995

374

15125711361381742986127

210

454,579,5375,0

112,5230,5940,571,5108

197,547,520,5129,5

47258414

69191555326196351447

Bc MyCanaaMy

Chu My La tinhTy ung uChu PhiTrung ngChu A / Chu ai Dng

NhtUc, Tn Ty LanCac nc khac

202020001985


23/96

BB--ViVittNamNam TiTimmnnngngkhkhViVittnamnam

ViVitt namnam cc thth gigiii nhnhnn nhnhnn lala mmttququccgiagia dduu khkh

nonnon tretre trongtrongccngngngngcacaccququccgiagia dduu khkhtrntrn thth gigiii.. TheoTheo PetroVietnamPetroVietnam GasGas CompanyCompany,, titimm nnngng ngungunn khkh

ViVittnamnam ttpp trungtrung 55vuvungngtrutrungngchnhchnh :: trutrungngSSngngHHngng,,

trutrungng CCuu Long,Long, trutrungng NamNam CCnn SSnn,, trutrungng MaMa LaiLai -- ThThChuChu vava trutrungngmiminn TrungTrungcoco khakha nnngngcungcungccpp khkh trongtrongvavaii ththpp kyky ttii.. CaCaccvuvungng trutrungngnanayynn naynayvvnn anganggiaigiaioaoann nghinnghin ccuu vava aanhnh giagia mmttcacachch chichitititt....

HiHinn naynay chch coco 22 trutrungng coco trtr llngng ththngng mamaii lala trutrungngCCuu LongLongvava trutrungngNamNam CCnn SSnn thuthucc ththmm luluccaa phaphanamnam nnccta.ta. TrongTrongoo momo dduu BaBachch HH vava momo RRngngthuthuccvuvungng trutrungngCCuu LongLongaa vava angangchocho sasann llngngkhaikhai thathacc

khkhngnghahanhnh quanquan trotrongng nhnhtt..


24/96


25/96

TiTimmnnngngkhkhViVittnamnam

1260 - 1736201,6 - 319,2Tng cng

28 - 56

84 - 140532 - 70084 - 140532 - 700

5,6 - 11,2

42 - 70140 - 19614 - 42

Sng Hng

Cu LongNam Cn SnMa Lai - Th ChuCac mo nho khac

Tr lng timnng (t m3)Tr lng thc t(t m3)Mo kh


26/96

ThaThanhnhphphnnkhkhngnghahanhnhmmttssmomodduuViVittnamnam(%(%ththtchtch))

77,25

9,493,831,34

1,262,334,50

76,54

6,988,250,78

0,941,495,02

71,5

12,528,611,75

2,961,840,70

CH4

C2H6C3H8i-C4H10

n- C4H10C5+

CO2 + H2S

Mo aiHung

MoRng

Mo BachH

Thanh phnkh


27/96

ngngdudungngcucuaakhkh

KhKhttcoco rrttnhinhiuu ngngdudungngtrongtrongiissngngsinhsinhhoahoattcucungngnhnhtrongtrongccngngnghinghipp:: chuchu yyuu ss dudungngchocho nganganhnh ccngngnghinghipp iinn ss dudungngtrongtrongquaqua trtrnhnh bbccxaxa nhinhitt ss dudungngvviivaivaitrotro nguynnguyn liliuu trongtrongsasann xuxutt ss dudungngtrongtrongccngngnghinghipp giaogiao ththngngvvnn tataii

ss dudungng sasann xuxuttphphnn aamm sasann xuxuttMethanolMethanol dd aann linlin hhpp iinn aamm


28/96

SoSosasanhnhcacaccssliliuuchchttthathaiikhikhissdudungngnhinnhinliliuuthaythaythth

3500480600NO2 (mg)02060SO2 (mg)

407290CO (mg)380720900CO2 (g)

Turbine khhn hp

Nhit inchay DO

Nhit inchay than

Lng chtthai/kwh


29/96

TriTrinnvovongngcucuaanganganhnhccngngnghinghippkhkh KhaKha nnngngththtrtrngngtatamm ththiiccaanhnh giagia,, cctnhtnh trongtrongttngng

lailaiggnn,, ttll tiutiu thuthu khkhnhnhsausau :: CCngngnghinghipp : 32 %: 32 % PhPhnn aamm : 0 %: 0 % VVnn tataii : 0 %: 0 % iinn : 68 %: 68 %

NhNhngngnn nnmm 20102010nhunhu ccuu ss dudungngkhkhdd kikinn sese thaythayii:: CCngngnghinghipp : 14 %: 14 %

PhPhnn aamm : 6 %: 6 % VVnn tataii : 0 %: 0 % iinn : 30 %: 30 % LNGLNG : 31 %: 31 %

XuXuttkhkhuu sangsangThaThaiiLanLan : 19 %: 19 %


30/96

CHCHNG IING II

CACAC QUAC QUATRTRNH CNH CNG NGHNG NGHCCBABAN CHN CHBIBIN KHN KH


31/96

I- S chung cua qua trnh ch bin kh

X ly/Phn tach

X ly/ hoa longKh t mo

C5+

(kh ngng)

C3+

(GPL)

X ly

Kh hoa lai

ng ngdn kh

Tau ch kh

Chuyn hoa

hoa hoc

Tau thuy

San phmhoa hoc

KHU PHN TACH VN CHUYN PHN PHI


32/96

aa-- VVn chuyn chuyn kh bn kh bng ng ngngng (Gazoduc)ng (Gazoduc)


33/96

bb-- VVn chuyn chuyn kh bn kh bng tang tau chu ch khkh(me(methanier)thanier)


34/96

cc-- ChuyChuyn hon hoa hoa hoa hoa hoc khc kh BBng chuyng chuyn hon hoa hoa hoa hoa hocccoco khakha nnng chuyng chuyn hon hoa CHa CH44thathanh canh cac sac san phn phm lom long khang khacc iiu kiu kin T thn T thng nhng nh: x: xng,ng,

kekeroserosene, gasoilne, gasoilvvn chuyn chuyn van va ss dudung dng d dadang hng hn.n. CoCo 2 h2 hngng::

ChuyChuyn hon hoa tra trc tic tipp : (> 50%) CH: (> 50%) CH44 thathanh xnh xng hong hoc vc viiiiu kiu kin T cao, hon T cao, hoc vc vi T thi T thp hp hn nhn nhng phang phai coi co mmt cut cuaaOO22 vava chcht xut xuc tac tac.c.

ChuyChuyn hon hoa giaa gian tin tipp : (< 50%) qua giai oa: (< 50%) qua giai oan trung gian san trung gian sannxuxut kh tt kh tng hng hp, tp, t oo sese :: ttng hng hp thap thanh HC lonh HC long = phang = phann ng Fischer + Tropschng Fischer + Tropsch hohoc tc tng hng hp thap thanh MeOH honh MeOH hoc mc mt ht hn hn hp cup cua MeOHa MeOH

vava alcool talcool t C1C1 C6, hoC6, hoc chuyc chuyn hon hoa tia tip tup tuc giai oac giai oann2 tha2 thanh xnh xng hong hoc ec ether (MTBE), lather (MTBE), la nhnhng cng cu tu t rrt tt tttphphi lii liu cho xu cho xngng;;

hohoc tc tng hng hp thap thanh NHnh NH33sasan xun xut pht phn ur.n ur.


35/96

ToTom lam lai, quai, quatrtrnh chnh chbibin khn kh

bao gbao gm cam cac giai oac giai oan chun chuyyuusausau::

1.1. TaTach cach cac tac tap chp cht ct chohocc2.2. TaTach condensatch condensat3.3. KhKh acideacide4.4. TaTach nch nc hoc hoc dec deshydrat hoshydrat hoaa5.5. TaTach phch phn oan oan can cac hydrocarburec hydrocarbure

6.6. TaTach Nitch Nitvava HliHli7.7. TaTach Hgch Hg


36/96

Chng IIIChng IIILLm sm sch khch khkhkhi ci cc tc tp chp cht cht chcc

LLm sm sch khch khkhkhi ci cc tc tp chp cht cht chccc thc thc hic hin chn chyyu nhu nhccc thic thittbbchchc.c.

NgNgi ta phn bii ta phn bit tht thnh hai nhnh hai nhmm:: NhNhm lm lm sm schchtt

NhNhm lm lm sm sch khch kh


37/96

II--LLm sm schchtt llm sm schchtti vi vi ci cc khc khm cm cchcha nhia nhiuu

ddu mu mnguyn khainguyn khai, n, nggi ta thi ta thng sng sddng cng cccthithit bt bnhnh: thi: thit bt b llc scrubber, cyclonec scrubber, cyclonem, mm, myyrra quay, ...a quay, ...

NhNhng thing thit bt b llc bc bi kii kiu nu ny cy c llm sm sch khch khtt8080 90 %.90 %. Trong quTrong qutrtrnh lnh lm vim vic, trong thic, trong thit bt bhhnh thnh thnhnh

mmt tht thttch bch bt kht khllnn cn ccn ctn ltn lthithit bt b bbt.t. CCc thic thit bt bbbt ct ckhkhnng lonng loiic 98c 98 99 % b99 % bii

ccng kng knh > 5nh > 5m vm v7575 80 % b80 % bi ci cngngkknh < 5nh < 5m.m.


38/96

SS thithit bt bbbtt

1.1. Phng rPhng rngng

2.2.

TTm lm lii3.3. y hy hnh nnh nnn4.4. TTm chm chnn


39/96

IIII--LLm sm sch khch kh

Phng phPhng php lp lm sm sch khch khc sc sddng khng khphphbibin.n. NgNgi ta thi ta thng sng sddng cng cc thic thit bt b

nhnh:: cyclonecyclone

thithit bt b llng bng bii llc bc biiiinn


40/96

CHNG IVCHNG IV

TTCH CONDENSATCH CONDENSAT


41/96

II--i cngi cng

KhiKhic khai thc khai thc ln tc ln tmm, kh, khng hng hnhnhththng chng cha ma mt lt lng lng lng nng noo. Trong v. Trong viitrtrng hng hp, nhp, nht lt lkhi khai thkhi khai thc khc khbibin, ln, lngngnny thy thngngc vc vn chuyn chuynnng thng thi vi vi khi kh

trtrng thng thi 2 phai 2 phaphphi tii tin hn hnh tnh tch pha lch pha lngngnny ra.y ra.

m bm bo to tch trich trittphphn ln lng ngngng ngng,,

trtrnh tnh tnh trnh trng pha khng pha khthuthuc chc cha ma mt ht hmmllngngng kng kccc HC nc HC nng, cng, cn thin thit pht phi tii tinnhhnh tnh tch nhich nhiu giaiou giaion theo Pn theo P ddn.n.


42/96

SS ttch 2ch 2giaiogiaion vn v33giaiogiaionn

C


43/96

h b h kh l h


44/96

ThiThit bt b ttch khch kh--llngngththngngngng


45/96

ThiThit bt b ttch khch kh--llngngnnm ngangm ngang


46/96

ThiThit bt b ttch khch kh--llngnghhnh cnh cuu


47/96

CHNG VCHNG V

KHKHACIDEACIDE


48/96

II--Nguyn tNguyn tcc

KhKhacide lacide lququtrtrnh tnh tch cch cc khc khacide ra khacide ra khi thi thnh phnh phn cn ca kha khthinthinnhin, chnhin, chyyu lu lkhkhCOCO22 vvHH22S. VS. V

nhta binhta bit, qut, qutrtrnh lonh loi khi khHH22SSththng yu cng yu cu phu phi trii tritthn quhn qutrtrnh lonh loi khi khCOCO22..

Tuy vTuy vy, khy, khHH22S lS lnhnhng ngung ngunnnguyn linguyn liu quan tru quan trngngssn xun xut St SvvHH22SOSO44..


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CCc phng phc phng php khp khacideacide1.1. Phng phPhng php hp hp thp th::c sc sddng phng phbibin nhn nht.t.

chchn ln la ca ca dung mi ha dung mi hp thp thi vi vi ci cc khc khacide phacide ph thuthuc vc vooi li lc hc ha ha hc (c (trtrng hng hpphhppththbbng dung mi hng dung mi ha ha hc) hoc) hocci li lc vc vt l (ht l (hppththbbng dung mi vng dung mi vt l).t l).

2.2. Phng phPhng php hp hp php ph ::ccngngt hit hiu quu qucaocao;;

3.3. Phng phPhng php thp thm thm thuu::chachaccng dng dng rng rngngri do ngri do ngi ta cn si ta cn sddng hng hn chn chccc loc loi mi mng lng lccvvccc yu cc yu cu ku k thuthut cao ct cao ca cha chngng;;

4.4. Phng phPhng php chng cp chng cttnhinhitt ththpp::chchyyuuttch COch CO22


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IIII--KhKhacide bacide bng phngng phngphphp hp hp thp th

1.1. MMccchch llm sm sch khch khthin nhin vthin nhin vkhkhngng

hhnh khnh khi ci cc loc loi khi khacide nhacide nh: H: H22S,S,

COCO22 vvccc hc hp chp cht cht cha lu hua lu hunh vnh voxy khng mong muoxy khng mong munn

SSddng chng chyyu phng phu phng php hp hp thp thhha ha hc vc vhhp thp thvvt l.t l.

CCc quc qutrtrnh khnh khacide bacide bng phng phng phng php hp hp thp thhha ha hc vc vvvt lt l


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Carbonate deCarbonate de

propylpropylnene

FluorFluor

NN-- mmthylthyl-- 22 --

pirrolidone (NMP)pirrolidone (NMP)

PurisolPurisol

MMthanolthanolnhinhitt

ththp.p.

RectisolRectisol

Dung dDung dch nch nc cc caa

sulfolane vsulfolane vDiIsoPropanolAmineDiIsoPropanolAmine

(DIPA)(DIPA)

SulfinolSulfinol

Dung dDung dch Kch K22COCO33 nnngngDung dDung dch Kch K22COCO33 nnng +ng +1,8% DEA (ph1,8% DEA (phgia hogia hot ht ha)a)

Dung dDung dch much mui Asen ci Asen caakim lokim loi kii kim nm nng (Kng (K33AsOAsO33))DdDdch much mui Natri (2,6i Natri (2,6-- 2,7%2,7%acide antraquinonsulfonic)acide antraquinonsulfonic)

LLm sm sch bch bngng

KK22COCO33 ::Thng thThng thngngBentildBentild

VetrocokkVetrocokk

StretfordStretford

DimDimthylthylther dether de

polypolythylthylne glycolne glycol

(DMEPEG)(DMEPEG)

SelexolSelexol

MonoMonothanolaminethanolamine

DiDithanolaminethanolamineDiisopropanolamineDiisopropanolamine

DiglycolamineDiglycolamine

LLm sm sch bch bngngAlkanolamine:Alkanolamine:

MEAMEA

DEADEADIPADIPA

DGADGA

Dung miDung miQuQutrtrnhnhDung miDung miQuQutrtrnhnh

HHp thp th vvt lt lHHp thp th hha ha hcc

22--QuQutrtrnh khnh khacide bacide bng dung mi hng dung mi haa


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QQ g gg g

hh

cc

aa--LLm sm sch bch bng bng bng cng cc alkanolaminec alkanolamineCCc loc loi aminei amine

CCc amine cc amine ci li lc hc ha ha hc mc mnh vnh vi ci cc khc khacide do tacide do tnh chnh cht kit kim cm ca cha chngng;;

CCnhinhiu lou loi aminei aminec dc dng lng lm dung mim dung mi

hha ha hcckhkhacideacide:: MonoMonothanolamine (MEA)thanolamine (MEA)

DiDithanolamine (DEA)thanolamine (DEA)

TriTrithanolamine (TEA)thanolamine (TEA) MMthyldithyldithanolamine (MDEA)thanolamine (MDEA)

Diglycolamine (DGA)Diglycolamine (DGA)

Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)

BBng tng tng hng hpp c tc tnh hnh chtt vt l bt l c bnn ca


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BBng tng tng hng hp cp cc tc tnh chnh cht vt vt l cbt l cbn cn caa

ccc loc loi amine trni amine trn

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh khnh khacide cho khacide cho khbb hh ii d i id i i


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bbng cng cch rch ra va vi ci cc dung mi aminec dung mi amine


55/96

33--QuQutrtrnh khnh khacide bacide bng dung mi vng dung mi vt lt l

c trng cc trng c

a qua qu

trtr

nhnh

khkhccn xn xl cl cp sup sut tngt tngi caoi cao;; hhm lm lng cng cc hydrocarbure nc hydrocarbure nng trongng trong

khkhththpp;; nnngngkhkhacide trong khacide trong khcaocao;; ccn thin thit pht phi hi hp thp thchchn ln lc Hc H22S vS v

COCO22

SSnguyn l honguyn l hottng cng ca qua qutrtrnh Selexolnh Selexol


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g y g y gg qq

IIIIII QuQu trtrnh khnh kh acide bacide bng hng hp php ph


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IIIIII--QuQutrtrnh khnh khacide bacide bng hng hp php ph

c sc sddng khi yu cng khi yu cuussch cch ca kha khssnnphphm rm rt cao vt cao vhhm lm lng tng tp chp cht trong kht trong kh

nguyn linguyn liu tngu tngi nhi nh.. SSddng ry phn tng ry phn t4A ho4A hoc 5A cho phc 5A cho php thp thcc

hihinnng thng thi qui qutrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat ha va vkhkhacide cho khacide cho kh; kh; khssn phn phm cm cssch rch rt caot cao:: hhm lm lng nng nc chc chcn khocn khong 0,1 ppmng 0,1 ppm hhm lm lng Hng H22SSt tt t2020--40 mg/m340 mg/m3

Khi trong khKhi trong khccchcha COa CO22 vvHH22S,S, ththng sng sxxyyra phra phnnng ging gia cha chng tng to tho thnh COSnh COS nhinhiuucng trcng trnh hinh hin nayang nghin cn nayang nghin cu cu cc loc loi ryi ryphn tphn tmmi, ci, cttc dc dng tng tch cch cCOS.COS.

S Sququtrtrnh khnh khacide bacide bng hng hp php ph


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SS ququ trt nh kh acide bac de bng hg p php p

IVIV QQu ttrnh khnh kh ide bacide bng thng thm thm th khu kh


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IVIV--QuQutrtrnh khnh khacide bacide bng thng thm thm thu khu kh

ccp dp dng trong cng nghing trong cng nghippddcarbonate hcarbonate ha kha khthin nhin. Hithin nhin. Hin nay,n nay, ngngii

ta chta chng dng dng phng phng phng php np ny vy vi ci cc phnc phnxxng nng sung nng sut nht nh..

SSddng mng mng lng lc trong phng phc trong phng php thp thm thm thuu

khkhccththththc hic hinnng thng thi qui qutrtrnhnhddcarbonate vcarbonate vddshydrat cho khshydrat cho khthin nhinthin nhin

VVi ci cc loc loi mi mng lng lc hic hin cn c, c, cc thic thit bt b ththmm

ththu khu khchchcc ngh ngha kinh ta kinh tkhi nkhi nngngccaaCOCO22 trong thtrong thnh phnh phn khn khth lth lcao vcao vccc yuc yuccu ku k thuthut ct ca kha khssn phn phm khng cao lm khng cao lm.m.

VV-- Phn tPhn tch cch cc khc kh acide bacide bng chng cng chng ctt


60/96

VV--Phn tPhn tch cch cc khc khacide bacide bng chng cng chng ctt

NgNgi ta ci ta cththssddng phng phng phng phppchng cchng cttnhinhitt ththppttch COch CO22khi nkhi nngngcca kha khttp np ny trong khy trong khthth

cao.cao. nhinhitt ththp, COp, CO22 sskkt tinht tinh((iim bam ba

ll--56,5756,57ooC).C).

CC2 c2 cchchgigii quyi quyt kht khkhn nkhn nyy:: SSddng phng phgia lgia lmmt HC nht HC nh

SSddng mng mt tht thp chng cp chng ctt

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh Ryannh Ryan--HolmesHolmes


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g y q y

Addi t i f+C3+

C2 - + CO2

+ C3+

C2 - + C3+

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh CFZnh CFZ


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63/96

CHNG VICHNG VI

KHKHNNCC

I.I. KhKhi nii nim chungm chung

II.II. CCc bic bin phn php ngn ngp ngn nga sa shhnh thnh thnh hydratenh hydrate

III.III. QuQutrtrnh dnh dhydrate hohydrate ho


64/96

II--KHKHI NII NIM CHUNGM CHUNG

1.1. m cm ca kha khvvccch xch xccnhnh

2.2. CCu tru trc cc ca hydratea hydrate3.3. Cn bCn bng cng ca qua qutrtrnh tnh to tho thnh hydratenh hydrate


65/96

11--m cm ca kha khvvccch xch xccnhnh

KhKhng hng hnh vnh vkhkhthin nhin khai ththin nhin khai thc tc t

lnglngt tht thng bo ha hi nng bo ha hi nc vc vhhm lm lngnghi nhi nc phc ph thuthuc vc vo P, T vo P, T vththnh phnh phn hn haahhc cc ca kha kh..

MMi gii gitrtrcca T va T vP sP s tngtngng vng vi hi hmmllng hi nng hi nc cc ccci ci cththccnhnhttnh.nh. HHm lm lngngm tngm tngng vng vi li lng hi nng hi ncc

bo ha tbo ha t

iaia

c gc g

i li l

m cn bm cn b

ng.ng.

NNu giu gim T cm T ca kha khccchcha ha hm lm lngngm bom boha cha ccci vi vgigiP =cte thP =cte thmmt pht phn hi nn hi nccssngng tngng t


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thth2.42.4::mmcn bcn bng cng ca kha kh

thin nhinthin nhin


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22--CCu tru trc cc ca hydratea hydrate

NN

c cc c

mmt trong ht trong h

n hn h

p khp kh

cc

thth

tto tho th

nhnh

ccc hydrate vc hydrate vi ci cu tru trc tinh thc tinh thuun.n.

VVbbn chn cht, hydrate lt, hydrate lccc dung dc dung dch rch rn, dungn, dung

mi lmi lccc phn tc phn tnnc lin kc lin kt vt vi nhau bi nhau bngnglin klin kt hydro, tt hydro, to tho thnh mnh mt mt mng lng li, ti, tccc phn tc phn tHC nhHC nh(m(mthane,thane, thane, propane,thane, propane,butane) thm nhbutane) thm nhp vp vo mo mng lng li ni ny vy vttooththnh mnh mng tinh thng tinh thhydrate bhydrate bn vn vngng

CCu tru trc cc cc tinh thc tinh th


68/96

CCu tru trc cc cc tinh thc tinh thhydratehydrate

bao gbao gm 2m 2ddng, dng, da trna trn

ccu tru trc mc mngngcscs lla dia dinn12 m12 mt 5 ct 5 cnh,nh,

k hik hiu lu l551212


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DDng cng cu tru trc Ic I


70/96

DDng cng cu tru trc IIc II

33--Cn bCn bng cng ca qua qutrtrnh tnh to tho thnhnh


71/96

hydratehydrate

iiu kiu kin hn hnh thnh thnh cnh cc hydrate trong khc hydrate trong khthin nhin chthin nhin chyyu phu ph thuthuc vc vo T vo T vP cP caahh..

xxccnh cnh cciciu kiu kin cn bn cn bng tng to tho thnhnhccc hydrate,c hydrate, ngngi ta si ta sddngng thth2.132.13

thth2.132.13::ng cong tng cong to tho thnh hydrate cnh hydrate caakhkhthin nhin vthin nhin vi ci cc tc tkhkhi khi khc nhauc nhau


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0 20


73/96

III.III. QuQutrtrnh dnh dhydrate hohydrate ho

1.1.i cngi cng2.2.PP lPP lm lm lnh vnh vi si sccmmt ct ca cha chttc chc ch

3.3.Phng phPhng php hp hp thp th4.4.Phng phPhng php hp hp php ph

5.5.Phng phPhng php thp thm thm thuu


74/96

11--i cngi cng MMccch: tch: tch hi nch hi nc trong khc trong kh tto rao ra

cho khcho khccTiTim sng thm sng thp hn T tp hn T tiithithiu mu mttiidng khdng khc vc vn chuyn chuynnvvchchbibin.n.

CC44phng phphng php khp khhydratehydrate:: llm lm lnh vnh vi si sccmmt ct ca cha chttc chc ch

hhp thp th

hhp php ph ththm thm thuu

22--Phng phPhng php lp lm lm lnh vnh vi si s


75/96

g pg p pp

ccmmt ct ca cha chttc chc ch

SSddng chng chttc chc chmmthanolthanol

SSddng chng chttc chc chglycolglycol

aa--SSddng chng chttc chc ch


76/96

ggmmthanolthanol

SS

cng nghcng ngh

bao gbao g

m 2 khu vm 2 khu v

cc

::

Khu vKhu vc Ic I: Khu v: Khu vc dc dshydrate hoshydrate ho Khu vKhu vc IIc II: khu v: khu vc khc khacideacide--cc

thithit kt knnu cu cn thin thit.t.

SScng nghcng nghcca qua qutrtrnhnh


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ssddng chng chttc chc chmmthanolthanol


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SScng nghcng nghcca qua qutrtrnh snh sddngngchchttc chc chglycolglycol


79/96

33--QuQutrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat haa


80/96

bbng hng hp thp th

a.a. i cngi cngb.b. DDshydrat hshydrat ha ba bng Tring Trithylthylnene

glycol (TEG)glycol (TEG)

aa--i cngi cng


81/96

PP nPP nyyc dc dng khng khphphbibin.n.

ChCht ht hp thp th llccc dung mi cc dung mi ci li lccmmnh vnh vi ni nc.c.

QuQutrtrnh snh sy kh khy kh khthin nhin bthin nhin bng cng ccc

chcht ht hp thp thdda trn sa trn skhkhc bic bit vt vpp(pp(hi nhi nc) trong khc) trong khvvtrong chtrong cht ht hppthth. Kh. Khccn xn xl sl s titip xp xc ngc ngc dngc dng

vvi dung mi chi dung mi chn ln lc trong thc trong thppa hoa hoccththppm.m.

SSququtrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat ha kha khbbng dung mi hng dung mi hppththTEGTEG


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44--QuQutrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat haa


83/96

bbng hng hp php ph CCc chc cht ht hp php ph ththng dng dng lng l::

Nhm hoNhm hot tt tnhnh

SilicagelSilicagel

ry phn try phn t.. c trng cc trng ca qua qutrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat ha kha khbbng zng zoliteolite::

hhm lm lng nng nc trong khc trong khtt;; lu llu lng khng khem xem xl khng ll khng lnn;;

hohottng khng lin tng khng lin tc, chc, cht ht hp php ph ththngngttnnnnc thay thc thay th33nmnm1 l1 lnn;;

hhm lm lng cng cc HC nc HC nng khngng khngc lc ln ln lmm;;

ccc tc tp chp cht (COS vt (COS vCSCS22))

chcht ngt ngc zc zolithe.olithe.

55--QuQutrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat ha ba bngng


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ththm thm thu khu kh

ChoChon nay, qun nay, qutrtrnh dnh dshydrat hshydrat ha ba bngngththm thm thu khu khhhu nhkhng cnu nhkhng cnc sc sddngngtrong cng nghitrong cng nghip xp xl khl khnna do nha do nhng yung yuccu ku k thuthut qut qucao ccao ca qua qutrtrnh.nh.

ddshydrat hshydrat ha kha khbbng thng thm thm thuuphphiilla cha chn nhn nhng hng hp chp cht cao phn tt cao phn tththch hch hppccijij >>,>>, 200.000 (v200.000 (vi loi loi mi mng mng mngngngngththvvkhng hkhng hcckhuykhuyt tt tt) vt) v 300300 500500(v(vi loi loi chi chm sm si ri rng).ng). Hn nHn na, pha, phi chi chppnhnhn mn mt lt lng Cng C11 ththm thm thu qua mu qua mng lng lccmmng lng lccc chc chn cn cbbmmt ring khng qut ring khng qu

lln.n.

CHNG VIICHNG VIITTCH CCH CC PHNOC PHNONN


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HYDROCARBUREHYDROCARBURE

I.I. Nguyn tNguyn tccII.II. TTch cch cc phnoc phnon bn bng phng phng phng phpp

llm lm lnh ngng tnh ngng t

III.III. TTch phnoch phnon bn bng chng cng chng cttnhinhitt ththppIV.IV. TTch phnoch phnon bn bng phng phng phng php hp hpp

ththV.V. TTch phnoch phnon bn bng phng phng phng php hp hpp

phph


86/96

II--Nguyn tNguyn tccQuQutrtrnh tnh tch cch cc HC nc HC ny ra thy ra thngngcc

titin hn hnh bnh bng nhing nhiu phng phu phng phpp::1.1. TTch cch cc phnoc phnon bn bng pp lng pp lm lm lnhnh

ngng tngng t2.2. TTch phnoch phnon bn bng pp chng cng pp chng cttTT

ththpp

3.3. TTch phnoch phnon bn bng pp hng pp hp thp thbbng dng duu

4.4. TTch phnoch phnon bn bng pp hng pp hp php ph..

IIII--TTch cch cc phnoc phnon bn bngng


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phng phphng php lp lm lm lnh ngngnh ngngtt

1.1. SSnguynnguynll2.2. QuQutrtrnh lnh lm lm lnh bnh bng ging gin nn nquaqua

vanvan

3.3. QuQutrtrnh lnh lm lm lnh bnh bng ging gin nn nquaquaturbineturbine

4.4. Phng phPhng php sp sddng mng mt qui trt qui trnhnhllm lm lnh bn ngonh bn ngoii


88/96

11--SSnguynnguynll


89/96

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh lnh lmm


90/96

llnh bnh bng ging gin nn nng enthalpieng enthalpie

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh lnh lmm


91/96

llnh bnh bng ging gin nn nqua mqua mt turbinet turbine

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh lnh lm lm lnhnh


92/96

bbng mng mttchuchutrtrnhnhllmmllnhnhngongoii

SSnguyn l cnguyn l ca qua qutrtrnh tnh tch phnch phnoon bn bng chng cng chng cttnhinhittththpp


93/96

CHNGCHNG 88


94/96

CHNGCHNG88

QUQUTRNH KHTRNH KHNITNIT,,

THTHY NGN VY NGN VHELIHELI

11 QQ h khh kh NiNi HliHli


95/96

11--QuQutrtrnh khnh khNitvNitvHliHli QuQutrtrnh tnh tch Nitcch Nitcththththc hic hin bn bng phng phng phng phpp

llm lm lnh vnh vi ci cciciu kiu kin phn ph thuthuc vc vo ho hng sng sddng Nitsau nng Nitsau ny. Hoy. Hoc cc cthth ttch Nitbch Nitbng mng mngngththm thm thu hou hoc sc sddng cng cc chc cht ht hp php ph..

Cn hCn hm lm lng cng ca Ha Hli trong thli trong thnh phnh phn cn ca kha khthinthinnhin rnhin rt nht nh. Tuy nhin, trong th. Tuy nhin, trong thc tc tngngi ta thi ta thyyrrng nng nu khu khthin nhin chthin nhin cha nhia nhiu Nitthu Nitthccngngththng chng cha nhia nhiu Hu Hli.li.

HiHin nay,n nay, llng Hng Hli tiu thli tiu th trn thtrn thgigii chi chyyuuccttch ra tch ra tkhkhthin nhin, tthin nhin, tp trung nhip trung nhiu nhu nht lt lMM..

TTy theo hy theo hm lm lng Nitmng Nitmququtrtrnh tnh tch Hch Hli cli cththlin hlin hp hop hoc khng lin hc khng lin hp vp vi qui qutrtrnh tnh tch Nitch Nit.. HHli thuli thuc phc phiic tinh chc tinh chttcc tinhtinh

khikhit cao vt cao vo khoo khong 99,995 %.ng 99,995 %.

22 QQ tt h khh kh ThTh


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22--QuQutrtrnh khnh khThThy ngny ngnCCnhinhiu phng phu phng phppkhkhThThy ngny ngn:: KhKhThThy ngn by ngn bng thanng thanc hoc hot ht haa

bbi lu hui lu hunhnh SSddng dung dng dung dch oxy hch oxy ha ma mnh nhnh nh

Permanganate de potassium K2Cr2O7Permanganate de potassium K2Cr2O7

oxy hoxy ha nguyn ta nguyn tThThy ngny ngn;; GiGiThThy ngn ly ngn li bi bng mng mt tt tng ZnOng ZnO KhKhThThy ngn by ngn bng cng cch lch lng dng di di dngng

sulfure Thsulfure Thy ngn trn my ngn trn mt lt lp bi nhm.p bi nhm.Phng phPhng php np ny cho hiy cho hiu suu sut kht khThThyyngn rngn rt cao, ct cao, cththttn 99,98 % vn 99,98 % vng thng thi ci cththkhkhc cc cArsenic.Arsenic.

bai giang_cong nghe che bien khi

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