bai giang fms & cim - chuong 2
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HC VIN K THUT QUN S
KHOA HNG KHNG V TR
BI GiNG MN HC
H THNG SN XUT LINH HOT
TS. Trn c Tng
B mn CNTB & HKVTin thoi: 0973 991486
Email: [email protected]
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5. H thng lp rp linh hot
2. My o ta (CMM)
3. Robot trong h thng SXLH
Ni dung 4. T bo SXLH (FMC), h thng FMS
1. Cc my v trung tm gia cng CNC
Chng 2: Thit b trong h thng FMS
6. H thng kim tra t ng ca FMS
7. H thng vn chuyn, kho cha ca FMS
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1. Gii thiu
H thng sn xut linh hot thng gm mt s thit b kh
trnh, sn xut mt s loi sn phm nht nh. Cc thit b trn c lin kt vi nhau (lin kt thng tin) thnh
mt n v sn xut vi s h tr ca cc chng trnh iu
khin.
Cc thit b gia cng v lp rp, cng vi cc thit b vn
chuyn v x l thng tin hnh thnh h thit b c s ca sn
xut tch hp.
Ngy nay, cc thit b sn xut c c im chung l c iu
khin bng k thut s.
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2. Cc my v trung tm gia cng CNC
2.1 iu khin s v cu trc ca my NC
- My NC l thit b c bn trong h thng sn xut linh hot. Thutng iu khin s (numerical control-NC) ngha l my NC c iukhin bng k thut s t chng trnh lp sn. N cho php thchng linh hot vi nhng thay i trong sn xut lot va v lot nh.
- Ngy nay tt c cc b iu khin NC u s dng my tnh, nnthut ng CNC (computer numerical control) thay th cho thutng NC.
- Qu trnh to d liu gia cng t ng mt chi tit c gi l lp
trnh NC. Chng trnh NC l mt file dng vng bn, c vit theomt h m chun m b iu khin c th hiu c, hng dncho my thc hin qu trnh gia cng mt cch t ng.
- Cc thng tin c truyn cho b iu khin NC c chia thnhthng tin hnh hc (G, X, Y, Z,) v thng tin cng ngh (F, S, T, M)
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- V hnh hc, c 3 kiu iu khin:- iu khin im - im
- iu khin ng thng- iu khin contour iu khin im-im cho php
dch chuyn nhanh t mt im timt im. ng dch chuyn cxc nh bi b iu khin
iu khin ng thngcho php s dch chuyn dc theo mt trc mt tc xc nh. iu khin contourc s dng iu khin qua mt s ng(cc ng thng v ng trn) mt tc xc nh. Vic phi hpcc ng thng v ng to thnh cc ng cong bt k.
iu khin v cng ngh tc ng ti cc tham s cng ngh nh tttrc chnh, iu khin tc chy dao, thay dao, cp dung dch lmmt
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-Qu trnh to, x l dliu, v iu khin thit bc phn thnh 3 cp:
- Cp nhp/xut d liu:c chc nng nhnchng trnh
- Cp x l: c v x lcc thng tin cng nghv hnh hc trong chngtrnh, xut ra cc tn hiuiu khin cc h thng
trn my-Cp iu khin, to tnhiu iu khin cc thitb chp hnh qua ccgiao din vo/ra tngng.
Cc chc nng ca mt b iu khin NC
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Nguyn l ca my gia cng c kh c iu khin CNC
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c im cu trc ca my CNC
Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt my NC gm:
Phn my cng c, gm: cc h thng cng tc v chp hnh (ckh, in, thu kh) thc hin chc nng gia cng. Phn my cngc v c bn c cu trc nh cc my thng thng.
Phn iu khin, gm:
- B iu khin (controller), thng gi l b CNC, gm phn cng vphn mm thc hin cc chc nng iu khin.
- H o lng v iu khin v tr.
- H iu khin phn cng tc (nh trc chnh ca my cng c).
So vi my thng thng, ch lm vic ca cc my CNC nngn hn, nh: tc trc chnh cao gp 5-10 ln (4000 15000 v/ph),tc chy dao cao gp hng trm ln (n 10000 mm/ph). V vyyu cu k thut i vi my CNC kht khe hn so vi my thngthng.
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Cc yu cu i vi my CNC
cng vng tnh v ng ca h thng c kh cao, m bo chnh xc kch thc v cht lng b mt gia cng cao c khi gia
cng th (cng sut ln) ln khi gia cng tinh (tc trc chnh cao). cng vng cao cn l yu t m bo cho my lm vic n nhkhi gia tc ln, tc trc chnh cao. S dng vt liu c kh nnggim chn, hp th dao ng cng cho php tng tnh n nh chc.
Tnh n nh nhit ca h thng cao. Bin php t c iu nykhng ch l gim ma s t truyn ng m cn l phn b nhit hp l, dng vt liu v kt cu tn nhit nhanh.
Momen qun tnh ca cc c cu chuyn ng nh, cho php chng
lm vic vi gia tc ln.
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Mt s c im khc ca my CNC so vi my thng thng
- Thn my thng c kt cu c hoc hn t vt liu c c tnh cao,c nhiu gn, hc, chia khoang,... va nh, va cng vng; truynnhit v hp th dao ng tt.
- Trong cc h truyn ng quan trng c dng cc c cu v vtliu gim ma st, chu mn, khng khe h (vt me - ai c bi; ngdn hng ln hoc trt nhng c dn hoc ph vt liu t mast, chu mn; bnh rng khng khe h).
- Gim ti a truyn ng c kh: dng truyn ng in, thu lc iukhin tc v cp thay cho hp s; ni trc tip trc ng c ln
trc cng tc; dng hp gim tc hnh tinh, thu lc hoc bnh rngsng - con ln c t s truyn ln).
- Cc trc c truyn ng trc tip, dng h truyn ng servo.
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- Do ton b hot ng ca my c iu khin t ng, khng cns can thip thng xuyn ca con ngi, nn vng lm vic thng
c bao kn, m bo an ton v m quan. Cc kho cha dao vi dao thng c a v pha sau d quan st vng gia cng.Bng my (tin) t nghing d thot phoi v dung dch.
- Ngoi cc h thng chnh, cc my v trung tm gia cng CNC cnc cc c cu t ng khc, nh thay dao t ng, cp v kp phit ng, ti phoi t ng, ng m ca t ng,... Chnh cc hthng ph tr ny li ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ghp ni ccmy CNC n l vi nhau v vi cc thit b sn xut khc: robot,bng ti, my o 3 chiu,... thnh cc t bo v cc h thng sn
xut linh hot.
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2.2 Cc trung tm gia cng CNC
Trung tm gia cng (Machining Center) CNC c kh nng thc hinnhiu nguyn cng cng ngh khc nhau, nh tin, phay, doa, giacng ren, mi,... m bnh thng phi dng mt s my CNC thngthng. Do yu cu v tp trung nguyn cng m cc TTGC cnhng c im kt cu sau:
- C nhiu trc iu khin (4 n 5 trc hoc hn).
- C h thng thay dao t ng.
- C c cu cp phi, kp phi t ng.
- C kh nng giao tip vi cc thit b sn xut khc, nh robot, bng
ti,...- Nh c kh nng tp trung nguyn cng cao m cc TTGC cho
php tng nng sut, tng chnh xc gia cng.
- C 2 loi TTGC, l TTGC ngang v TTGC ng. TTGC ngang datrn c s my tin, cn TTGC ng da trn m y phay.
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Trung tm gia cng ng
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Trung tm gia cng ngang
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2.3 Hiu qu ca tp hp cc my CNC thnh h thng FMS
Tng thi gian my
- Thi gian my ca cc my ph thuc vo mc t ng ha cah thng FMS v phc tp ca chi tit gia cng. tng thigian my cn gim thi gian g v tho chi tit gia cng, gim thigian thay dao
- Tp hp cc my CNC thnh h thng FMS cho php tng h sthi gian my ln ti 50-70%
Tng h s sn xut theo ca
- t c nh tng kh nng phc v nhiu my,ng thi nh vovic chun b cc cng vic chnh ca th nht v kh nng lmvic 2, 3 ca vi s t cng nhn.
- S dng h thng thay dao t ng c th tng h s sx theo ca ln2 ln. Khi s dng thm c h thng cp phi v vn chuyn tng th h s sx theo ca tng ln 3 ln.
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Gim vn lu thng nh gim c chu k sn xut
- Vn lu thng khi tp hp cc my CNC thnh h thng FMS giml nh rt ngn c chu k sx.
- Bng cch tng h s thi gian my (ktm), tng h s sx theo ca (ktc)v gim h s vn lu thng (kgv) cho php t c gi tr cao cah s tng gi thnh cho php (ktgt) ca h thng FMS so vi myCNC c lp.
Ktgt = ktm/ktc
Gim s cng nhn trong sx
- T ng ha ton phn cc khu vn chuyn viu khin thit bcho php cng nhn c th phc v nhiu my
- Trong FMS s thit b gim, kh nng phc v nhiu my tng do c th gii phng c nhiu cng nhn sx trc tip)
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3. My o ta
My o to (Coordinate Measuring Machine - CMM) l mt m yo vn nng t ng, c kh nng kim tra c rt nhiu dng hnh
hc vi chnh xc cao. CMM c dng nh mt thit b i km vi cc my CNC gip
hiu chnh cc sai s khi g t hay gim st tch cc trong qu trnhgia cng, gim st v b mn dao.
Trong cng ngh ngc (Reverse Engineering), CMM c dngnh thit b s ho cc b mt 3D, cho php phng to li cc chitit phc tp khi thit k hoc t ng xut chng trnh cho myCNC.
Vi nhng kh nng ni trn, CMM vn l mt thit b o kim vnnng nhanh chng tr thnh b phn khng th thiu c trong
cc h SXLH.
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3.1 Kt cu ca CMM
Ging nh my CNC, cc CMM c th c kiu ng, ngang. V kchthc th c loi bn, cng c loi ln, phi t trn nn.
CMM c kt cu chung tng t my CNC: c bn my, u d, ccng trt v cc ng c dn ng u d theo cc trc X. Y, Z.Tuy nhin, do yu cu lm vic: chuyn ng nh nhng, chnh xcv khng sinh lc ln, CMM c nhng im khc:
- Thn my rt vng chc, thng c c t vt liu c bit c khnng n nh trc s rung xc v thay i nhit , mang mt bng rt chnh xc. Trong mt s trng hp, trn thn my c gn h
thng t n nh, chng rung xc dng kh nn.- Cc ng trt c ch to chnh xc, lm bng hoc ph hp kim
gm chng mn v gim ma st. Mt s my c trang b ccng trt trn m kh nn hoc thu tnh.
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- H thng iu khin rt tinh xc, c kh nng di chuyn u d theo3 trc vi chnh xc ti phm trm m.
- Phn mm ca CMM to ra giao din ngi dng (menu, giao din ho, cng c lp trnh), m bo chc nng nhn, phn tch(phn tch hnh hc, phn tch thng k, nh gi kt qu o,...), lutr d liu o, iu khin cc hot ng ca my v giao din vicc thit b khc trong h thng sn xut.
- Phn ln CMM c trang b h CAD/CAM chuyn dng v c khnng kt ni, trao i d liu vi cc h CAD/CAM thng mi khc,cho php ngi dng ti to m hnh vt th, hiu chnh m hnh vlp trnh cho my CNC.
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3.2 Chc nng ca CMM
CMM vn l thit b o vn nng, cho php o chnh xc cc thngs hnh hc: kch thc thng, kch thc gc, bn knh cung hocvng trn; kim tra cc thng s khng gian: thng ca cnh, phng ca b mt, trn, song song, vung gc gia ccng v b mt.
Tu kh nng tnh ton ca cc phn mm, CMM c th cho ccthng s th cp, nh tng chiu di, tng cc gc, din tch bmt,... l cc chc nng thng thy cc CMM c lp.
Kim tra kchthc nh CMM
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CMM cho php qut v ghi li ta cc im ca b mt 3D. Dliu ny, sau c th c dng dng li m hnh, chnh sa
thit k hoc tnh ton qu o dao cho my CNC Khi lm vic trong mt h thng sn xut t ng, trong cc t bo
hay h thng sn xut linh hot, CMM hot ng theo chng trnhlp sn, quy nh th tc lm vic ca CMM.
Cc chng trnh iu khin CMM c lu trong my tnh trung tm.Chng trnh ny cha cc lnh iu khin my ln lt o ccthng s hnh hc cn thit. Mi chng loi chi tit a vo kim tratrn CMM cn mt chng trnh ring. Sau khi chi tit c g lnmy th chng trnh kim tra tng ng c gi v thc hin. Ktqu o c phn tch, so snh vi dung sai trong d liu v my
tnh a kt lun c t hay khng. Nu chi tit khng t, n s btr v hoc trn mn hnh s xut hin cnh bo.
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V d v my CMM
CMM kiu ng CMM kiu ngang
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CMM kiu ng
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4. Robot cng nghip trong h thng SXLH
Robot cng nghip (Industrial Robotics - IR) l tay my vn nng,hot ng theo chng trnh v c th lp trnh li hon thnh v
nng cao hiu qu hon thnh cc nhim v khc nhau trong cngnghip, nh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, chi tit, dng c hoc ccthit b chuyn dng khc.
IR c 2 c trng c bn:
- L thit b vn nng, c TH theo chng trnh v c th lp trnhli p ng mt cch linh hot, kho lo cc nhim v khc nhau.
- c ng dng trong nhng trng hp mang tnh cng nghip ctrng, nh vn chuyn v xp d nguyn vt liu, lp rp, olng,...
Bn thn IR l mt thit b kh trnh nn n c bit thch hp viSXLH, n l thnh phn khng th thiu c trong cc h thngsn xut t ng.
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Mt s v d v robot
Robot c nh trn nn Robot di ng trn ray
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Robot gn trn tngRobot c dng nhmt my CNC 6 trc
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4.1 Yu cu i vi robot cng nghip
Do tnh cht lm vic trong FMS, cc IR cn p ng nhng yu
cu:
- Thc hin cng vic mt cch t ng trong cc nguyn cng chnh
cng nhcc nguyn cng ph
- T ng thay i khi thay i i tng sx
- Tip xc nh nhng v chnh xc vi cc thit b ca FMS
- C kh thc hin cc tc ng iu khin ti cc thit b cng ngh
chnh ca FMS thc hin cc nguyn cng theo tun t c
lp trnh.
- m bo n nh lm vic trong FMS
- C kh nng trang b thit b kim tra t ng cht lng gia cng
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4.2 ng dng IR trong t ng ha sx
ng dng ca IR trong t ng ha sx rt a dng,c bit l vaitr ca chng trong cc h thng FMS.
Robot ha cc thit b cng ngh
- Thit b cng ngh c phc v bi mt hay mt s robot tng ha cc cng vic phc v. V d:
Trong gia cng ct gt cc cng vic thng c phc v birobot l vn chuyn phi v sn phm,a phi vo thit b g kpv tho sn phm sau gia cng,o phi khi gia cng.
Trong sx c, robot thng c giao nhim v lp, d khun, rtvt liu, lm sch vt c
Trong gia cng p lc, robot c th m nhn vic a phi vovng gia cng v ly sn phm,o phi khi rn.
Trong mt s trng hp, nhkhi hn, sn,robot ng thi lthit b cng ngh, n trc tip iu khin m hn hay u phun hon thnh nguyn cng cng ngh.
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Robot phun sn mang uphun sn v c g xoayvt cn sn
Robot phc v my dp tm c2 cnh tay, mt tay mang kmgp, tay kia mang 2 bung htchn khng
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Robot ha cc t bo sn xut
- T bo sx l t hp gm cc thit b cng ngh, robot v cc thit bphc v khc, hon thnh mt nhim v sx c lp. Cc thit bphc v c th l cc thit b xp d, nh hng
- Mi t bo sx c th hot ng c lp hoc lin kt vi cc thit bhay t bo sx khc hnh thnh mt h thng sx.
- T bo sx c robot phc v c gi l t bo sn xut robot ha.
Robot ha h thng sn xut
- Dy chuyn sx robot ha: l t hp cc t bo sx robot ha,clin kt vi nhau bng cc thit b vn chuyn hoc gm mt s thitb cng ngh, c phc v bi mt hay mt s robot v cc thit b
vn chuyn, hon thnh cc nguyn cng cng ngh gia cngsn phm.
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Trm gia cng vi rbt
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- V mt khng gian, cc thit b cng ngh c sp xp theo trnh
t cng ngh
- V mt thi gian, nhp sx tng nguyn cng phi bng nhau hoc
bng bi s ca nhau m bo nhp chung ca dy chuyn.
- i vi dy chuyn sx,phng tin vn chuyn khng chc nhim
v vn chuyn n thun m cn duy tr nhp sx.
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5. T bo sn xut linh hot (FMC)
H thng SXLH c hnh thnh t cc t bo sn xut linh hot(Flexible Manufacturing Cell - FMC)
FMC l n v t chc sn xut c s, l t hp ca mt hoc mts thit b cng ngh cng vi cc thit ph tr cn thit khc(robot, bng ti, thit b kim tra, gim st,...), c nhim v snxut t ng mt nhm cc sn phm tng t nhau.
FMC phi c kh nng t thch ng vi s thay i ca i tngsn xut
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Phn thit b caFMC ny gm c:
- Cc thit b cngngh (mt trung tmgia cng v 1 mytin).
- Cc thit b vnchuyn (xe t hnhv robot) phc v vlin kt v t chccc thit b cngngh.
- Kho cha vt liu, dng c
- Phn iu khin c phn thnh 2 cp: cp thit b c cc b iukhin CNC v robot. Cp iu hnh t bo: dng my tnh, thng quamng cc b (LAN).
V d v mt MFC:
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6. H thng SXLH (FMS)
H thng SXLH (FMS) c hnh thnh bng cch ghp cc FMC sn xut cc nhm sn phm hon chnh hn. Cc t bo v ccthit b sn xut c sp xp theo dy chuyn sn xut, thc hinsn xut theo nhp. Cc i tng trong nhm c th c a vody chuyn mt cch ngu nhin.
Cu trcchc nngca mtFMS
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V d v b tr ca mt FMS
Bn phi h thng gm trung tm gia cng 10, TT tin 8, my o 3 chiu 9,kho cha thnh phm 7, trm g lp chi tit 14. Bn tri l h thng lp rp virobot chnh 12 v cc robot lp rp 3, 4, 5, 13. Hai h thng c lin kt vinhau nh h thng vn chuyn vi xe t hnh15.
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7. H thng lp rp linh hot
V nguyn tc th h thng lp rp linh hot c kt cu t chc nhFMS gia cng, trong :
- Cc thit b lp rp thay cho v tr cc trung tm gia cng.
- Cc robot thng c dng lm nhim v lp rp.
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Cc h thng lp rp
MAST: trm lp rp bng tay
AAST: tr
m l
p rp t
ngFAST: trm lp rp linh hot
ACT: trung tm lp rp
-Robot
lp rp
- Ckhnng lptrnh
-My lprp tng
- Khng
ckhnng lptrnh
- Thlp rp
- Tnh
linh hotty
FASTAASTMAST - My tnh trung tm, PLC
- Cc trung tm lp rp (gm1 5 robot lp rp)
- Cth bao gm: MAST,AAST tch hp vi dng thngtin v vt liu
- Tch hp vi h thng cpphi v dao t ng cqun l viu khin bngmy tnh
Trm lp rp (AST) T bo lp rp (AC) H thng lp rp (AS)
- My tnh trung tm lp khoch viu khin micp
- My tnh trung tm iukhin cc my tnh ca cctrm lp rp n l viu cng vic
- AS bao gm AAST, MAST,FAST, ACT v AC
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V d 1 h thng lp rp bn t ng
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V d 1 h thng lp rp linh hot
- Bn cnh cc trm lprp dng robot cn cc trm lp rp bngtay.
- H thng cho php lprp ng thi nhiu loisn phm khc nhau.
- Vic chun b cc chitit cho mi loi snphm do set-up robot(SR) thc hin.
- Mt two-arm robot (TR)thc hin cc nhim vlp rp phc tp. Vicvn chuyn cc itng lp rp v dngc do cc xe t hnhm nhim.
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8. H thng kim tra t ng ca FMS
8.1 Chc nng ca h thng kim tra t ng
- Nhn v trnh thng tin v cc tnh cht, trng thi k thut, trngthi ca mi trng cng ngh viu kin sn xut
- So snh gi tr thc t vi gi tr danh ngha ca thng s
- Truyn thng tin v s khng tng thch vi cc m hnh ca qutrnh sx kp thi hiu chnh trn cc cp iu khin khc nhau caFMS.
- Nhn v trnh thng tin v thc hin chc nng
H thng kim tra t ng cn m bo:
- Kh nng iu chnh t ng cc thit b kim tra.
- tin cy ca kim tra, k c kim tra vic chuyn i v truyn
thng tin.
- n nh ca cc thit b kim tra
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Cc dng kim tra:
- Kim tra m bo cht lng ca sn phm bng cch kim tra vt
liu, phi, dng c, g, ch ct, th sn phm, cc thng s
ca thit b cng ngh v sn phm trn tt c cc giai on ca qu
trnh ch to.
- Kim tra m bo hiu qu cao nht ca FMS bng cch kim tra v
chun on cc robot cng nghip, cc thit b gia cng t ng, k
thut tnh ton v k thut lp trnh
- Kim tra iu kin sx, gn lin vi k thut an ton (nhiu bi, nhit
v m khng kh cc thng s ca mi trng cng
ngh,). Mc ch m bo an ton cho ngi cng nhn, gi
cho thit b khng b hng hc, v nhm mc ch t cht lng
sn phm cao.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Yu cu khi thit k h thng kim tra t ng ca FMS
- Xc nh cc nguyn tc cbn ca h thng kim tra t ng (tptrung ha qu trnh kim tra, mc t ng ha qu trnh kim trav mc phi hp gia kim tra v gia cng, ng dng phngphp kim tra xc sut, )
- Ti u ha chng loi vc tnh ca cc thng s cn kim tra,ch lm vic ca cc phn t trong FMS, kh nng hot ngca thit b, g v dng c.
- Xc nh loi thng tin, hnh thc trnh v truyn thng tin trong h
thng kim tra t ng,ng thi trnh v truyn thng tin t hthng kim tra t ng ti h thng iu khin ca FMS
- Chn thit b o, m bo chnh xc yu cu v n nh hotng ca FMS.
- Xc nh mi lin kt chc nng ca h thng kim tra t ng trongh thng iu khin chung ca FMS
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
ng dng h thng kim tra t ng cho php phn b ti u qutrnh kim tra phi, bn thnh phm v thnh phm,m bo tng
bc chuyn kim tra cht lng sn phm sang iu khin chtlng sn phm
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
8.2 Cu trc ca h thng kim tra t ng
Cu trc ca h thng kim tra t ng trong FMS gm 3 mc:
- Mc cao
- Mc trung bnh
- Mc thp
Mc caom bo kim tra tng hp tt c cc t bo t ng,phi hp hot ng, iu chnh v sa cha, truyn ti thngtin ti trm iu khin ca h thng FMS v gii quyt nhngnhim v nh:
- Tip nhn, x l v tng hp thng tin t mc thp hn (t cc t
bo t ng)- Kim tra khi lng, cht lng sn phm, cung ng vt cht k
thut (vt liu, dng c,)
- Kim tra cc nguyn cng c thc hin trn cc t bo t ng
- T kim tra v kim tra hot ng ca mc thp.
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Mc trung bnh
m bo kim tra t bo t ng v truyn ln mc cao thng tin
tng hp v tnh cht, trng thi k thut, v tr khng gian ca cc
i tng c kim tra v ca cc b phn ca t bo t ng.
H thng kim tra t ng mc trung bnh gii quyt nhng nhim
v sau:
- Tip nhn v x l thng tin v cc thng s c kim tra, v cc
thng s hot ng ca t bo t ng, v cc thng s ca mi
trng cng ngh v truyn thng tin ln mc cao
- Kim tra cht lng gia cng trn cc t bo t ng
- Kim tra cc nguyn cng- T kim tra v kim tra hot ng ca mc thp hn.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Mc thp
m bo kim tra i tng gia cng, trng thi k thut v v trkhng gian ca cc b phn ca my CNC, ca robot cp phi, cathit b kim tra t ng.
mc thp, h thng kim tra t ng gii quyt nhng nhim v:
- Tip nhn v x l thng tin v cc thng s c kim tra, truynthng tin ln mc trung bnh
- Kim tra cc bc cng ngh
- Kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn ca my
- Truyn thng tin ti h thng phc v chun on cc hng hcca dng c v thit b.
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
H thng kim tra t ng cho php xc nh i tng v thit b
kim tra i vi tng mc (cao, trung bnh hoc thp).
- i tng kim tra mc caol tt c cc t bo kim tra t ng
in hnh (t bo gia cng, t bo vn chuyn, t bo kho cha, t
bo o-kim tra, ) v ch lm vic ca cng nhn, cn thit b
kim tra l t hp my tnh iu khin trn cs cc my tnh nh.
- i tng kim tra mc trung bnhl t bo t ng (bao gm tt
c cc h thng t ng cs), thit b kim tra l t hp my tnh
iu khin trn cs cc my tnh nh.
- Thnh phn ca t hp my tnh bao gm: cc my tnh, thit b kt
ni vi cc u ni cui xa, mng my tnh ni b v cc thit bnng cao n nh ca h thng.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
- i tng kim tra mc thpl cc thnh phn ca h thng kim
tra t ng cs nh c cu iu khin, ccu chuyn i, ccu
chp hnh,i tng gia cng.
- Thit b kim tra mc thp l cc attric o lc ct (dng cho cc
my ct kim loi), cc attric xc nh v tr (dng cho robot),attric
hnh trnh (dng cho robot vn chuyn), cc attric nhit , atrric
p sut,attic o m (dng cho kim tra mi trng cng
ngh),
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
8.3 Nguyn tc xy dng h thng kim tra t ng
Nhim v chnh khi xy dng h thng kim tra t ng l phn bchc nng kim tra gia cc mc v ti u ha thnh phn ca cc
thit b kim tra mc thp. Khi lng kim tra c phn phi gia thit b vi tng gia
cng trong cc h thng t ng cs v gia cc h thng tng cs theo i tng gia cng.
V d, i tng gia cng c th c kim tra bng cch o ccthng s ca n (kch thc hnh dng ca phi khi gia cng c,),cng nho cc thng s ca thit b gia cng ( mn ca mikhoan, ca dao tin hoc dao phay,)
Cc thng s kim tra trn c th c th c tch ra theo thi gianv khng gian: mt phn cc thng s c kim tra ti vng giacng, mt phn cc thng s c kim tra bng cnh tay robot, vmt phn cc thng s c kim tra bng robot di ng
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Kim tra nguyn cng cc thng s ca chi tit c xy dng theo
nguyn tc khng tin cy (kim tra li) hoc tin cy
Theo nguyn tc khng tin cy
- Kim tra u vo ca nguyn cng tip theo tt c cc yu t ca
nguyn cng trc
- Kim tra u vo ca nguyn cng tip theo mt phn cc thng s
kim tra nguyn cng trc (nhng thng s ny c kh nng
nh hng n cht lng ca nguyn cng tip theo)
- Kim tra phn phi (ngha l tt c cc thng s cn kim tra c
chia ra hai phn cho cc thit b kim tra t u ra ca nguyn
cng trc v u vo ca nguyn cng tip theo)
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Theo nguyn tc tin cy khng cn thit phi kim tra u vo ca
nguyn cng tip theo
i vi cc h thng FMS th nguyn tc tin cy l thch hp nht.
Nguyn tc ny c ng dng hon chnh quy trnh cng ngh.
H thng kim tra v chun on cng phi m bo ti u ha s
nguyn cng cn kim tra. mc thp th ti u ha c thc
hin gim thiu cc thit b kim tra trn cs n nh ca
cc thnh phn trong h thng t ng cs, gim cc khuyt tt
c tnh xc sut, gim gi thnh phc hi cc hng hc v nhng chi
ph chung cho kim tra.
V vy cn c nhng phng php m bo tin cy ca cc thitb kim tra (kim tra nh k, lp thm cc thit b ph t k.tra)
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
8.4 Ch hot ng ca h thng kim tra t ng
C 5 ch hot ng:
Ch khi ng
- c bt u bng vic hi (kim tra) tt c cc phn t v cc h
thng ca FMS.
- H thng kim tra t ng thc hin vic chun on trng thi k
thut ca cc phn t v cc h thng trong FMS, pht lnh u ra
ca tt c cc h thng v trban u, kim tra hot ng ca lnh
ny, kim tra s tn ti v m s ca cc phi v dng c. Trongqu trnh kim tra, cc khuyt tt s c loi b
- Tt c cc mc kim tra u hot ng vi ch khi ng
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Ch lm vic
- H thng kim tra t ng cho php kim tra cht lng ch to snphm, kim tra dng sn phm, kim tra dng c, nng lng, thngtin, kim tra hot ng ca cc h thng ph tr (lm sch phoi, rachi tit, vn chuyn phoi, ht bi, cung cp dung dch trn ngui, ),kim tra trng thi k thut ca tt c cc phn t v cc h thngtrong FMS.
Ch iu chnh
- ch ny thng tin c chuyn ti my tnh mc cao (mckim tra cao nht trong h thng kim tra t ng).
- Thng tin iu khin ny cho php iu chnh li cc h thng kim
tra mc trung bnh v mc thp.- My tnh ca mc thp xc nh tt c cc thng s cn kim tra ca
i tng gia cng.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Ch dng theo k hoch
- y l mt ch hot ng c bit ca FMS, n cho php khi
ng tip theo khng phi l t thi im lm vic ban u ca h
thng, m t thi im nc dng theo k hoch
- ch ny, qu trnh gia cng trn cc my c kt thc, h
thng t ng thc hin vic tho v g chi tit,a cc b nh v
t ng v v trban u, ghi trng thi ca FMS trn bng t, ngt
tt c cc trm cp nng lng.
- Nhim v ca h thng kim tra t ng trong trng hp ny lkim tra qu trnh x l tn hiu iu khin.
- ch ny cc h thng ca FMS ngng hot ng, cho nn c
th tin hnh vic chun on cc h thng viu phi thng tin
cho cc th iu chnh v cc th sa cha.
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Ch dng sa cha hng hc
- c thc hin i vi tt c cc mc kim tra ca h thng kim
tra t ng.
- mc thp, ch ny xut hin bng gii hn ca ph phm cho
php v bng sai s ca cc thng s ca h thng t ng cs
hoc ca cc thit b kim tra.
- Tn hiu v tnh trng phi dng sa cha t cc mc kim tra
c chuyn ti mc kim tra cao hn vc x l trm iu
khin ca FMS
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
8.5 Nguyn tc kim tra trng thi k thut ca cc phn t
Cn phi kim tra thng xuyn trng thi k thut ca tt c cc
phn t trong h thng FMS: ca my xp ng, ca robot, ca my
cng c, ca dng c, g, h thng vn chuyn, h thng o
lng,
C2 phng php kim tra:
- Kim tra trc tip khi cc thng s c o trc tip, v d nh
mn ca dng c
- Kim tra gin tip khi trng thi k thut ca i tng c th c
nh gi theo chc nng hot ng ca n, v d nu h thng kim
tra ghi nhn khng c s sai s thiu ny cho thy trng thi bnh
thng ca dng c ct
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H thng chun on k thut ca FMS c dng kim tra hot
ng ca FMS, tm nhng hng hc trong cc b phn chp
hnh,iu khin v kim tra ca FMS nhm mc ch ngn nga
nhng hng hc bt ng, chun on tnh trng ca FMS v
tng tc iu chnh FMS khi chuyn t ch lm vic ny sang
ch lm vic khc
Thnh lp h thng chun on k thut ca FMS bao gm:
- Phn tch v ti u ha cc thng s cn kim tra ca FMS
- Xy dng phng php v chn thit b chun on
- Xy dng cc th nghim i vi cc sn phm phc tp v my t
ng- Tng hp cc thit b chun on k thut chuyn dng ca FMS
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
8.6 C s vt cht-k thut ca h thng kim tra t ng
- Vic chn thit b kim tra ph thuc vo nhng thng s cn o
trong FMS khi kim tra cht lng sn phm cng nhkhi kim tra
hot ng ca h thng. V vy khi xy dng h thng kim tra t
ng cn chn s lng ti u cc thng s cn kim tra i vi mi
phn t ca FMS.
Cc loi attric
- attric v tr: gm cc attric kim tra kch thc v hnh dng ca
phi v chi tit, cc attric kim tra ccu chp hnh ca thit b v
ca robot,
- Cc chtiu chnh khi chn thit b kim tra l chnh xc o, tc
ng nhanh ca thit b, Ngoi ra cn phi tnh cc chtiu
kinh t nh gi thnh trang b cc h thng kim tra v cc chi ph
b sung cho vic iu chnh cc h thng o trn my CNC.
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Cc attric o 3 ta
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Cc my o kim t ng
Cc my o kim CNC c cc ccu cp tho phi t ng v
cc u o thay i t ng c gi l cc m un ca FMS
+ C 4 dng my o kim CNC:
- Dng cngxn
- Dng khng cngxn
- Dng cu
- Dng cu-cng
+ Cc robot o kim
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Cc my o kim CNC
a) Dng cngxn
b) Dng khng cngxn
c) Dng cu
d) Dng cu-cng
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Robot o kim
1- Robot, 2- chi tit cn o, 3-bng ti
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
9. H thng vn chuyn kho cha
9.1 Cng dng v phn loi
Mt h thng sx chc th hot ng hiu qu khi c s phi hp
ng b gia cc thit b sx chnh (my CNC, CMM,) v cc thitb ph tr (cc thit b vn chuyn, kho cha vt liu, thit b thugom ph liu, cc h thng m bo dng c, )
Trong qu trnh gia cng, vt liu tn ti cc trng thi khc nhau:
- c gia cng trn cc thit b cng ngh
- c kim tra
- c lu tr cc kho
- c mang trn cc thit b vn chuyn
- Ch gia cng
Tr khi ang c gia cng hoc kim tra, vt liu c cha hocc vn chuyn nh h thng vn chuyn vt liu.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
T l thi gian v tiu hao trong sn xut
Vic t chc hp l h thng vn chuyn, kho cha gim thi gianch i c ngha ln, cho php gim chu k sx, tng nng sut giacng v gim cc chi ph lin quan (chi ph nhxng, bo qun, )
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Trong h thng sx, h thng vn chuyn, kho cha lphng tinlin kt gia cc nguyn cng. Lphng tin vt cht gip cho
dng lu chuyn vt liu c thng sut, nhp nhng,ng b. V vy vic t chc h thng vn chuyn, kho cha lun lun c
thc hin ng thi vi vic sp xp cc thit b cng ngh. Khi tng ha cc thit b sx phi p dng ng b cc thit b cng nght ng v h thng vn chuyn, kho cha t ng
Cc thit b chnh trong h thng vn chuyn, kho cha:
- Kho cha
- Thit b sp xp v cp phi
- Xe t hnh, Tay my, Bng ti
- Cc thit b xp d- H thng my tnh v phn mm tng ng
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
M hnh thu nh ca mt h thng sx t ng c h thng vn chuyn, khocha, gm: kho cha, bng ti, robot, my tnh iu khin, sensor, PLC
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
9.2 Cc thit b c bn trong h thng vn chuyn
9.2.1 Xe t hnh (Automatically Guided Vehicle - AGV)
Trong cc t bo v cc h thng sx linh hot, cc AGV thc hincc chc nng nh:
- Vn chuyn chi tit, dng c, g ti (hoc t) cc trm gia cng,cc kho cha v cc khu i.
- Phn phi vt liu ti cc trm gia cng.
- Vn chuyn chi tit thnh phm t h thng ti cc trm lp rp.
- Phn phi chi tit, dng c, g ti (hoc t) cc kho cha tng.
- Vn chuyn ph thi.
Ngy nay cc AGV c pht trin rt a dng, thng minh v ckh nng thc hin cc nhim v phc tp.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Do kt cu gn nh, c iu khin v lm vic c lp, cc AGVcu th so vi cc phng tin vn chuyn khc:
- Tnh linh hot (d thay i ng i, d thay i nhim v, ...)
- Tng tnh iu khin dng vt liu v s vn chuyn.
- Gim hhng sn phm v t ting n.
- C kh nng lm vic trong mi trng nguy him,c hi.
- C kh nng giao tip vi cc h thng thit b khc nhmy cngc, robot, bng ti.
- c thit k theo m un v vy d dng trong chun on hnghc v bo dng.
- C kh nng xc nh v tr vnh v chnh xc.
- Gip gim gi thnh sn phm qua vic gim din tch xng, gimlao ng trc tip.
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Kt cu chung ca cc AGV hay cc robot t hnh thng c 4phn:
- Phn di ng(bnh xe, chn, xch, ) m bo AGV c th dichuyn trn a hnh xc nh trc hoc khng xc nh trc
- Phn cng tc(tay my, dng c tho lp, ) gip AGV hon thnhchc nng ca mnh
- H thng quan trc v dn nggip AGV nhn bit mc tiu,quan st ng i v vt cn
- H thng iu khingip cc AGV c th nhn lnh t trung tm,nhn tn hiu t cc sensor, phn tch ng i, iu khin ccucng tc v thc hin nhiu chc nng khc
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
H thng quan trc, dn ng v an ton ca AGV
Cc AGV dng trong cng nghip thng lm vic trong nh, a hnhkhng phc tp, qu o xc nh trc v c th c nh dubng vch khc vi mu nn. V vy kt cu di ng v dn ngthng n gin: dng bnh xe v h thng quan st v d vch
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Cc m un ca AGV
AGV c tay my xp d
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
V d v AGV trong nh my
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Yu cu cbn ca AGV lnng lc vn chuyn cn thit. Ty theo
yu cu vn chuyn, cc AGV c trng ti t hng trc kg n hng
tn. V vy h thng ng lc ca cc AGV cn c cng sut
thao tc vi cc i tng, cc AGV c trang b c cu cng
tc tng ng, nhtay my, bn kp
Phn ln cc AGV dng ngun in ha hc. Sau mt thi gian lm
vic chng c a n trm np v thay ngun in. Cc AGV
hot ng trong khng gian hp hoc ng dnh ring c th c
cp in qua dy cp.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Cc kiu ng i ca AGV
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
V d v s b tr ng i ca AGV trong FMS
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
9.2.2 Bng ti
Bng ti lphng tin vn chuyn truyn thng trong cc h thngsn xut.
Bng ti c nhng nhc im nh: cng knh, chim dng nhiudin tch sn xut nhng chng vn ang thnh hnh v c nhng uim ring,nh nng sut vn chuyn cao, d kim sot
Khi c tch hp vi cc h thng gim st viu khin t ng,bng ti tr thnh phng tin vn chuyn hiu qu trong sn xutlinh hot.
Da trn kt cu v cng dng, ngi ta phn bit cc loi bng ti:
- Dng bng
- Dng mng
- Dng con ln
- Dng xch
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
Theo phng php lp t c:
- Bng ti t trn nn
- Bng ti treo
Loi bng ti t trn nn d chuyn ln i tng t ng nysang ng khc.
Loi treo r tin, chim t din tch nhng phi dng cc hp, mctreo c nh nn kh chuyn ln
C 2 loi bng ti u c th c dn ng bng ng chockhng.
Khi dng loi bng ti dn ng c th ch ng iu khin tc ca chng, do ch ng c nhp sn xut.
Khi khng dng ng cdn ng th chi tit t di chuyn nh trnglng hoc do cng nhn y, ko.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
V d v cc loi bng ti trn nn
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TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
H thng bng ti trn nn trong h thng sx
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V d v cc loi bng ti treo
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
H thng bng ti dng treo trong h thng sx
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Cc i tng gia cng c th c t trc tip ln bng ti (trong
trng hp ny phi cngi hoc thit b xp d ly i tng t
vo vng gia cng hoc t sn phm gia cng v bng ti)
Cc i tng gia cng cng c th t trn mt tm g, khi c
chi tit v tm gc a vo vng gia cng, sau khi gia cng
xong li cng c tr v bng ti.
Trn cc bng ti t ng c t cc sensor nhn bit i
tng
Ngoi nhim v chnh l vn chuyn, cc phng tin vn chuyn,
nht lbng ti cn phi m nhim vai tr ng b qu trnh sn
xut. V vy hot ng ca bng ti, ca cc thit b xp d v thitb cng ngh phi tun theo nhp nht nh.
TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT
9.3 H thng kho cha
H thng kho cha thng gm cc gi cha, cc my xp d,cng vi my tnh iu khin.
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Mc ch chnh ca h thng kho cha vt liu l phn phi ng
vt liu ti ng v tr ng thi im. Vt liu c lu trong kho
vsau c a ti cc v tr cn thit trong thi gian ngn nht.
Li ch ca vic s dng h thng kho cha t ng:
- Tng kh nng iu khin v qun l hng tn kho
- Phn phi vt liu tc thi v tin cy
- S dng khng gian nhxng hiu qu
- C kh nng hot ng trong mi trng c hi
- Gim s tht lc hay phn phi khng ng v tr cc chi tit, dngc v g
- Gim lao ng trc tip
- Gim hng ha tn kho
- Tng kh nng khai thc
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Hiu qu ca mt h thng kho cha t ng c xc nh da
trn khi lng vt liu c lu v vn chuyn. Khi lng ny
ph thuc vo nhiu yu t:
- Tc ca cn trc
- Kh nng khai thc ca cc gi ct gi
- Tc v hiu qu ca cc AGV
- S sp xp cc chi tit trong kho
- Tc iu khin ca my tnh
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H thng kho cha thao tc bng tay
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H thng kho cha iu khin t ng nh my tnh
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9.4 Trm i
Trm i l cc trm dng c th lu gi 6, 8 hoc nhiu hn tm
g chi tit hoc phi.
Mi tm g cha 1 hoc nhiu chi tit gia cng trong t bo hoc
h thng FMS.
Trm i sp xp cc chi tit theo th t xp hng:
- c lp k hoch gia cng vi m my bt u qu
trnh gia cng
- i mt giai on no ca qu trnh gia cng do my c yu
cu cha sn sng
- Hoc chi tit hon thnh v ch tho d
Cc xe t hnh AGV thng c lin kt vi cc trm i chuyn cc chi tit, tm gn vi.
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V d mt trm i trong FMS
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9.5 Thit b h tr ph
Trong t bo v h thng FMS, cc thit b h tr c bit c th
c yu cu nng cao nng xut v kh nng ca h thng.
Thit b h tr thng khng c xem nhl phn t hay thnh
phn chnh ca h thng nhng n thm chc nng v kh nng
cho h thng FMS
Thit b h tr c th c ty bin iu chnh ph hp vi ng
dng cn thit trong h thng. Trong nhiu trng hp, thit b h
tr c th c dng mang vt liu ti vng lm vic ca cng
nhn, gi hoc xoay phi cho nguyn cng hn, gi, xoay chi tit
cho vic nh s lot v nhiu chc nng khc.
Cc thit b h tr thng c phn loi theo ki, chc nng
hoc ng dng ca n. Mt s thit b h tr thng dng nhbn
nghing, robot vn chuyn
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- Bn nghing cn c thc xem nhlrobotnh v. Bn nghing cnhiu kiu, kch thc vs trc quay.
- Bn nghing gip nh vv xoay phi, c th givnh v chnh xc ccchi tit vi khi lng ln.
- Bn nghing thng s dng trong phn xng hn nh v vxoay chi tit hn vi nhiu thao tc hn trong mt ln g kp.
- Bn nghing cng c ng dng quay cc g c mt hocnhiu chi tit t v trng sang nm ngang vngc li, nhm gipcho vic gt chi tit c d dng
Bn nghing
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9.6 H thng vn chuyn-tch tr chi tit gia cng
Chc nng:
- Vn chuyn cc chi tit gia cng (phi) trong thng cha hoc trn
cc tm g ti v tr tip nhn b sung vo trm i cdung
lng nh t cnh cc my
- Lu tr trong cc trm i cdung lng ln cc chi tit d tr
gia cc nguyn cng vn chuyn chng ti v tr tip nhn
tip tc gia cng.
- Vn chuyn cc chi tit c gia cng trn cc my ti v tr tho
chi tit v chuyn cc tm g t do v v tr cp phi hoc v trm
i.
- Vn chuyn cc chi tit c gia cng ti v tr kim tra (kim tra
gia cc nguyn cng) v chuyn chng ti cc v tr tip nhn
gia cng tip
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V d mt h thng vn chuyn-tch tr chi tit gia cng
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9.7 H thng vn chuyn-tch tr dng c
Vic t chc h thng vn chuyn-tch tr dng c ct trong hthng FMS bao gm:
- Tip nhn dng c ct- Sp xp theo b
- a cc dng c ct ti cc my ca h thng FMS
- Theo di trng thi ca dng c khi gia cng chi tit vthay i dngc kp thi
- Gi gn bo qun dng c mt cch c h thng
Chc nng ca h thng vn chuyn-tch tr dng c l:
- T ng vn chuyn v phn pht dng c cho cc my ca FMS
- Thc hin cp v tho dng c t cc magazin ca my khi chuyn
i tng gia cng- a cc dng c ra ngoi t cc my ca FMS hiu chnh v misc hoc a vo cc my ca FMS cc dng c mi.
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9.8 Cc thit b iu khin h thng vn chuyn, kho cha
9.8.1 Cu trc h thng my tnh iu khin
- iu khin h thng vn chuyn, kho cha thc cht liu khin
dng vt liu qua cc nguyn cng.
- Nhim v ca h thng vn chuyn, kho cha khng chcm bo
vn chuyn kp thi vt liu, phi, chi tit gia cc nguyn cng m
cn m bo s ng b gia chng.
- cho qu trnh sn xut c lin tc cn m bo s ng b
gia cc thit b trong h thng vn chuyn, kho cha vi cc thit
b cng ngh, nhcc my CNC, robot,thng qua mng my tnhv phn mm.
- Trong cc h thng sn xut phc tp, h thng vn chuyn, kho
cha thng c t chc thnh 2 cp: cp k hoch (qun tr) v
cp tc nghip.
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H thng iu khin phn cp
Thng tin v nhu cu vt liu t cc thit b sx c gi n my tnh cp k hoch,c x l va ra lnh chun b cp vt liu
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Mt cs d liu trung tm cha cc thng tin:
- M t cu hnh ca h thng vn chuyn, kho cha
- M t cc thit b nng chuyn, cc loi iu khin, sensor
- Cc chng trnh iu hnh,ng b h thng
- Trng thi ca cc thit b trong h thng vn chuyn v thit bcng ngh
- Nhn bit li v quy trnh x l
- Cc chng trnh thng k vnh gi thng tin sx
- Trong cc h thng FMS, cc chng trnh v cc tham s iukhin c th c thay i trc tuyn, ty thuc yu cu sx. Ccchng trnh iu khin c cung cp t my tnh cp qun tr nmy tnh cp tc nghip. My tnh tc nghip phi c kh nng x lviu khin c lp cc thit b thuc quyn v gi thng bo vmy tnh qun tr
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iu khin dng vt liu l mt trong nhng vn quan trng ca
FMS. S trc trc trong cung cp vt liu ti mt nguyn cng bt k
s nh hng n ton b h thng v c th dn n s nh tr
sn xut.
khc phc tnh trng nh tr v ri lon c th xy ra, cc my
tnh iu khin phi c tnh c lp nht nh, c th iu khin thit
b ngay c khi mt lin lc vi h thng my cp trn
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9.8.2 Cc thit b thu pht tn hiu
Mt yu cu quan trng ca h thng vn chuyn l kh nng nhn
bit v gim st cc i tng trong qu trnh sn xut. Cc i
tng ny c th ang c gia cng trn cc thit b cng ngh,
c kim tra hoc ang c lu tr, vn chuyn trn cc thit b
vn chuyn, nhbng ti, xe t hnh,
Mt h thng FMS l tng cn c cc thit b nhp v x l d liu
hon ton t ng,m bo h thng hot ng m khng cn s
can thit ca con ngi.
Vic thu nhn nhu cu vt liu c th dng cc phiu yu cu. Cc
phiu ny cha thng tin di dng m c l, m t hoc m vch.
Nh cc phiu gn trn cc i tng gia cng, c th nhn dng
v gim st chng trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn v gia cng.
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Cc thit b thu pht tn hiu
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9.8.3 Thit b nhn dng v gim st i tng sx
H thng iu khin cc thit b vn chuyn phi c kh nng nhndng, gim st viu hnh dng vt liu v sn phm. V vy mii tng phi c gn thng tin,nh: s hiu, khch hng, vtliu, yu cu v s lng, cht lng,
Cc i tng gia cng c th c nhn dng trc tip nh h thgic my tnh, da vo kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc ca chnghoc c th nhn dng bng cch gn ln i tng mt m th.
C th nhn dng trc tip hoc gin tip
- Nhn dng trc tip i tng thc hin bng cch quan st trctip i tng hoc gn ln i tng mt m th.
- Phng php quan st trc tip thng chphn loi c itng theo l ch khng qun l c thng tin v tng itng ring bit
- Phng php dng m th c th qun l c nhiu thng tinv sn phm
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- M th c dng c th di dng k t (d dng cho ngi dng
nhn dng trc tip) hoc m vch (d dng cho nhn dng t
ng). Th m phi c gn ti mt v tr nht nh, nm trong
trng lm vic ca thit b c.
Phng php nhn dng gin tip, thay v gn trc tip m th ln
i tng, ngi ta gn vt cha m ln thit b mang (khay, gi
treo,;). V vt mang c hnh dng, kch thc khng i nn d
dng nh v chng trong qu trnh c. Khi mt i tng c t
ln vt mang th mt m c hnh thnh vc gn cho i
tng.
- Tng t nh khi nhn dng trc tip, vt cha m c th l th t,th m vch,