B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC LC HNG

KHOA IN-IN T ---o0o---

BI GING GIAO TIP V IU KHIN

BNG MY TNH

Bin Son: L TIN LC

Bin Ha, ngy 13 thng 7nm 2011

2

MC LC

PHN 1: VISUAL BASIC CN BN

Chng 1: MI TRUNG LP TRNH VB NET

1.1 S lc v lch s ca VB.NET Trang 7

1.2 Tng quan .NET Trang 7

1.3 Cch ci t VB NET v b th vin MSDN Trang 8

1.4 Giao din v cng c thng dng trong VB NET Trang 14

1.4.1 Cc cng c ca VB.NET Trang 14

1.4.2 B thit k Windows Forms Designer Trang 16

1.4.3 Hin th b thit k Form Trang 16

1.4.4 Chy mt chng trnh Visual Basic Trang 17

1.4.5 Ca s thuc tnh Properties Trang 17

1.4.6 Di chuyn v thay i kch thc ca s cng c lp trnh Trang 17

1.4.7 Xem tr gip Trang 19

1.4.8 Thot khi VISUAL STUDIO.NET Trang 19

Chng 2: THIT K GIAO DIN FORM

2.1 Form v cc thuc tnh ca form Trang 24

2.2 Cc control c s Trang 26

2.3 Cc cch chn i tng Trang 28

2.4 hiu chnh v tr Trang 28

2.4.1 Thay i v tr tu Trang 28

2.4.2 So trng v tr hoc so trng l gia nhiu i tng Trang 29

2.5 hiu chnh kch thc i tng Trang 29

2.5.1 Thay i kch thc tu Trang 29

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2.5.2 So trng kch thc nhiu i tng Trang 29

2.5.3 Canh u khong cch gia cc i tng Trang 29

Chng 3: BIN V CU TRC LNH TRONG VB NET

3.1 Cc kiu d liu c bn Trang 38

3.1.1 Cc kiu s nguyn Trang 38

3.1.2 Cc kiu s thc Trang 38

3.1.3 Kiu k t (character) v kiu chui (string) Trang 38

3.1.4 Kiu lun l (boolean) Trang 39

3.1.5 Kiu ngy (date) Trang 39

3.2 Khai bo hng Trang 39

3.3 Khai bo bin Trang 40

3.4 Lm vic vi namespace Trang 40

3.4.1 Khi nim Trang 40

3.4.2 Cc namespace chnh ca .NET Trang 41

3.4.3 Cch np namespace vo bng tham chiu Trang 43

3.4.4 Cch khai bo namespace Trang 43

3.4.5 Namespace mc nh Trang 43

3.4.6 t b danh cho namespace Trang 43

3.5 Cc php ton c s Trang 44

3.5.1 Php gn Trang 44

3.5.2 Ton t tnh ton Trang 44

3.5.3 Ton t ni chui Trang 44

3.5.4 Ton t tnh ton vit rt gn Trang 44

3.5.5 Ton t so snh Trang 45

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3.5.6 Ton t lun l AND, OR, NOT Trang 45

3.6 Cc hm dng sn Trang 46

3.6.1 Hm chuyn i kiu d liu Trang 46

3.6.2 Hm ton hc Trang 46

3.6.3 Hm x l chui Trang 47

3.6.4 Cc hm hu dng khc Trang 47

3.7 Vit s kin click cho i tng Button Trang 48

3.8 Vit dng ch thch (comment line) Trang 48

3.9 Thuc tnh v phng thc ca i tng Trang 48

3.10 C php tham chiu i tng Trang 49

3.11 Vit lnh r nhnh Trang 50

3.12 By li ngoi l pht sinh bng try catch Trang 52

3.13 Cc cu trc lp thng thng Trang 53

3.14 Mng Trang 56

3.15 Cc loi Message box Trang 57

3.16 V cc hnh c bn v x l font Trang 59

3.17 nh thi timer Trang 60

3.18 iu khin th t chn theo mun bng phm Tab Trang 63

3.19 Cc s kin khc ngoi s kin Click Trang 63

3.20 Control Combobox Trang 64

3.21 Control Listbox Trang 66

3.22 Control Menustrip Trang 66

3.23 Control Toolstrip Trang 68

3.24 nh li v tr v kch thc ca i tng khi kch thc Form thay i Trang 69

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Chng 4: X L FILE TEXT TRONG VB.NET & CC HP THOI CHUN (COMMON DIALOG)

4.1 Chn ng dn ng cho File Trang 81

4.2.Kim tra s tn ti ca File Trang 81

4.3. c v hin th ni dung file text ln Textbox trn Form Trang 82

4.4. Ghi ni dung Textbox trn Form vo file text Trang 83

4.5. Sao chp file text Trang 84

4.6. Di chuyn file text Trang 85

4.7. Xo file text Trang 85

4.8. Cc hp thoi chun Trang 86

PHN 2: GIAO TIP NGOI VI TRONG VB

CHNG 5: GIAO TIP MY TNH CHUN RS232

5.1 S lc v chun RS-232 Trang 93

5.2 Xc lp cc thng s cho cng truyn thng ni tip trn Visual Basic Trang 97

5.3 Vit chng trnh truyn nhn ni tip trn VB NET Trang 98

5.4 Vit chng trnh truyn nhn ni tip trn VK 8051 Trang 103

CHNG 6: GIAO TIP MY TNH QUA CNG LPT

6.1 Cu trc cng LPT Trang 111

6.2 Hot ng ca Parallel Port Trang 113

6.3 Chc nng cc Pin trong Parallel port Trang 112

6.4 Vit chng trnh truyn nhn song song n gin trn VB.NET Trang 114

6.5 Phn cng giao tip Trang 116

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BI GING GIAO TIP IU KHIN MY TNH

PHN 1: VISUAL BASIC CN BN CHUNG I

MI TRUNG LP TRNH VB NET

Mc ch Yu cu

Sau khi hc xong chng ny sinh vin nm uc:

- Lch s pht trin ngn ng VB

- Tng quan v .NET

- Cch ci t VB NET v b th vin MSDN

- Giao din v cng c thng dng trong VB NET

S tit ln lp: 5

Bng phn chia thi lung

STT NI DUNG S TIT 1 Lch s pht trin, tnh nng, tng quan v VB NET 1 2 Ci t VB NET v MSDN 1 3 Lm quen giao din v cc cng c thng dng trong VB NET 3

Trng tm bi ging

- Nm uc cc tnh nng ca VB NET.

- Bit cch lp trnh n gin trn VB NET.

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1.1 S lc v lch s ca VB.NET (xem [4 tr 2])

Ngn ng BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) c t nm 1964. BASIC rt d hc v d dng. Trong vng 15 nm u, c rt nhiu chuyn gia Tin Hc v cng ty to cc chng trnh thng dch (Interpreters) v bin dch (Compilers) cho ngn ng lm BASIC tr nn rt ph thng.

Nm 1975, Microsft tung ra th trng sn phm u tay Microsoft BASIC v tip Quick BASIC (cn gi l QBASIC) thnh cng rc r. Quick BASIC pht trin trong nn Windows nhng vn kh khn khi to giao din kiu Windows. Sau nhiu nm, Microsoft bt u tung ra 1 sn phm mi cho php ta kt hp ngn ng d hc BASIC v mi trng pht trin lp trnh vi giao din bng hnh nh (Graphic User Interface GUI) trong Windows. l Visual Basic Version 1.0

Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) l ngn ng lp trnh khuynh hng i tng (Object Oriented Programming Language) do Microsoft thit k li t con s khng. Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) khng k tha VB6 hay b sung, pht trin t VB6 m l mt ngn ng lp trnh hon ton mi trn nn Microsoft s .NET Framework. Do , n cng khng phi l VB phin bn 7. Tht s, y l ngn ng lp trnh mi v rt li hi, khng nhng lp nn tng vng chc theo kiu mu i tng nh cc ngn ng lp trnh hng mnh khc vang danh C++, Java m cn d hc, d pht trin v cn to mi c hi hon ho gip ta gii p nhng vn khc mc khi lp trnh. Hn na, vi ngn ng VB ta khng cn quan tm su n nhng thao tc lnh c s, Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) gip ta i ph vi cc phc tp khi lp trnh trn nn Windows do ta ch tp trung cng sc vo cc vn lin quan n d n m thi.

1.2 Tng quan .NET (xem [4 tr 7])

.NET l tng trung gian gia cc ng dng (applications) v h iu hnh (OS). Tng .NET cung cp mi dch v c bn gip ta to ra cc cng dng m ng dng i hi, ging nh h iu hnh cung cp cc dch v c bn cho ng dng (nh: c hay vit cc tp tin (files) vo cng, ). Tng ny bao gm 1 b cc ng dng v h iu hnh gi l .NET Servers. Nh vy, .NET gn nh l mt b su tp cc nhu liu v khi nim kt hp ln nhau lm vic nhm gip ta to ra cc chng trnh ng dng. Trong :

- Tp hp cc i tng (objects) c gi l .NET Framework - Tp hp cc dch v ym tr mi ngn ng lp trnh .NET gi l Common Laguage

Runtime (CLR).

Cc thnh phn c bn ca .NET gm:

- User Applications - .NET Framework - .NET Servers - .NET Devices - Hardware Components

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1.3 Cch ci t VB NET v b th vin MSDN (xem [4 tr 91])

Bt u vi da 1 ca b Microsoft Visual Studio.NET, da ny t khi ng v hin th Windows hng dn ta ci Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Setup. Nu CD khng t khi ng c, ta cn chy ng dng setup.exe trong v tr gc (root directory):

Chy Windows Explorer, chn da cng cha Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Setup da 1, nhp i ng dng setup.exe hay

Khi ng (Windows Start Menu) v chn Run, g hng ch: e:\setup.exe (nu CD/DVD drive ca ta l drive E).

Microsoft Visual Studio.NET hin th 4 giai on chnh (12 bc) ci t.

Bc 1:

u tin l chun b mi trng lp trnh .NET vi Visual Studio .NET Prerequisites

Hnh 1.1

Bc 2:

Ca s Visual Studio.NET Prerequisites Setup hin ra, chn I agree chp nhn iu kin dng v nhp Continue.

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Hnh 1.2

Bc 3:

Nhp Install Now! ci cc ng dng lin h to mi trng .NET. Lu y, Microsoft Visual Studio.NET s d tm nhng ng dng (application) cn thit trong my vi tnh v ty theo mi my, bng lit k ng dng c th khc nhau. Th d y cho bit my vi tnh cn 4 ng dng ph thuc nh hnh sau:

Hnh 1.3

Bc 4:

Ch cho n khi no Microsoft Visual Studio.NET ci xong cc ng dng ph thuc, nhp nt Done.

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Hnh 1.4

Bc 5:

Tip tc chn Visual Studio.NET

Hnh 1.5

Bc 6:

Nhp da 1 vo my v nhp nt OK.

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Hnh 1.6

Bc 7:

Ta chn I agree v cung cp Product Key trc khi nhp nt Continue.

Hnh 1.7

Bc 8:

Ta ch chn nhng g lin h n Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) cho kha hc Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) C Bn.

Xa b (uncheck) ngn ng lp trnh Visual C++.NET, Visual C#.NET, Visual J#.NET v cc ng dng lin h, t nh: template, documetation,

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Hnh 1.8

Bc 9:

Nhp Install Now. Microsoft Visual Studio.NET s chy ng dng ci v b tr ny khong trn di 1 ting ng h ty theo kh nng my vi tnh.

Hnh 1.9

Bc 10:

Nhp Done. Microsoft Visual Studio.NET s hin th Windows ci cc thng tin ph gip lp trnh v c th vin ta tham kho khi lp trnh vi Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET):

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Hnh 1.10

Bc 11:

Chn Product Documetation v nhp da 3 Microsoft Visual Studio.NET (tc da 1 MSDN):

Hnh 1.11

Hnh 1.12

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Bc 12:

Tip tc vi cc da 2, 3 MSDN cho n ht.

Hnh 1.13

Nh vy, ta sn sng cho vic lp trnh vi Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET). Mc k hng dn s lc cch dng Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Integrated Development Environment (gi tt l IDE) cho vic to cc ng dng (application) trong nn Windows.

1.4 Giao din v cng c thng dng trong VB NET (xem [4 tr 110]) 1.4.1 Cc cng c ca VS.NET Cng c trong vs.NET rt phong ph. Sau y l mn hnh lm vic ca b vs.NET:

Hnh 1.14: Giao din chnh VS.NET

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Thc n chnh (Main Menu)

Menu chnh ca Microsoft Visual Studio.NET IDE bao gm:

File: Tiu chun chung cho mi ng dng (application) trong nn Windows. File dng m (open) hay ng (close) cc tp tin (files) hay d n (project).

Edit: Cung cp cc chn la khi son ngun m v dng cc cng c lp trnh, t nh: Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy, Paste v Delete

View: Cung cp s chn la hin th cc Windows to mi trng ca IDE, nh: Solution Explorer, Properties, Output, Tool Box, Server Explorer. Nu ta s thy cc Windows ny thng nm 2 bn hoc bn di window thit k Form hay son ngun m.Cc windows ny cng c th hin l hay thu kn li nhng ch cho window thit k c rng ri.

Project: Dng qun l d n (project) bng cch thm vo hay xa b cc tp tin lin h. Build: Mt la chn quan trng trong thc n l Build cho php ta xy dng v chy ng

dng (application) 1 cch c lp bn ngoi IDE. Debug: Khng nhng gip phng tin r tm cc li lp trnh trong mi trng IDE m

cn gip kim tra tng bc mt cc ngun m trong d n (project). Data: Gip ta ni v s dng d kin hay thng tin trong C S D Liu (Database). Tools: Cha cc cng c b tr Microsoft Visual Studio.NET IDE. Windows: Tiu chun chung dng qun l mi windows trong IDE. Help: Cung cp kt ni yu cu gip vi Microsoft Visual Studio.NET documentation

hay t mng Internet.

Thanh cng c (Toolbars)

Cch dng thanh cng c s c hng dn ty tng Project. Tuy nhin, 1 cch tng qut, thanh cng c mc nh bao gm:

New Project: To mt Project mi. Add Item: Dng thm cc i tng nh Item, Form, User control, Component, Module

hay Class vo Form. Open File: M mt file bt k. Save: Lu tr form hay module ang dng. Save All: Lu tr mi forms, modules, ang dng hay ang m Cut Copy

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Paste Undo Redo Navigate Backward (lt lui) Navigate Forwards (lt ti) Start: Nt chy th ng dng trong IDE (hoc nhn F5) Build Configuration (b tr xy dng ng dng) trong IDE. y, cho ta bit b tr hin

dng l Debug Find in files: Truy tm tp tin Toolbar Options: hin th thm cc cng c ph thuc khc.

Hp cng c (Toolbox) Dng cha cc Control

Nhp n hp cng c nm pha bn tay tri window thit k nh hnh sau. Hp cng c bao gm:

Hp Data Hp Components Hp Windows Forms Hp Clipboard Ring Hp Gerneral

Hnh 1.15: Thanh cng c thit k VS.NET

1.4.2 B thit k Windows Forms Designer VS.NET c mt b thit k form trc quan, bn s lm quen dn dn bi v thng trong

cc d n pht trin c th c rt nhiu Form.

1.4.3 Hin th b thit k Form (Solution Explorer) Gc phi mn hnh l ca s Solution Explorer. Hin th n View | Solution Explorer. Ca s ny cha ton b cc phn t c s dng trong d n.

Double Click vo Form1.vb trong ca s Solution Explorer bn s thy tt c cc file cha

form.

Nhp chut vo biu tng View Designer trong solution hin th form thit k dng trc quan.

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1.4.4 Chy mt chng trnh Visual Basic

Nhp chut vo nt start mu xanh trn standard bar chy chng trnh (c th vo thanh menu chn th Debug->Start debugging hay n phm tt F5).

Hnh 1.16: Start Debugging

Nhp chut vo nt stop mu xanh trn standard bar thot chng trnh debug (c th vo thanh menu chn th Debug->Stopdebugging hay n phm tt Ctrl+Alt+Break).

Hnh 1.17: Stop Debugging

1.4.5 Ca s thuc tnh Properties Cho php thay i thng s ca i tng thit k trn form. Thuc tnh ca i tng c

th thay i bng 2 cch: Vit m cho s kin khi chy chng trnh (code editter) hay thay i khi ang thit k (bng cch t Form chn i tng cn thay i nhp chut phi chn Properties).

Hnh 1.18: Ca s Properties

1.4.6 Di chuyn v thay i kch thc ca s cng c lp trnh Tt c cc ca s ca b cng c vs.NET u c th di chuyn tri ni (undocking) cng nh thay i kch thc trong mi trng IDE nhm mc ch to mt trng hay giao din trng (space) cho vic thit k cc forms c rng ri thoi mi.

Thay i cc thuc tnh i tng ca s ny.

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Ta docking hay undocking bng cch dng mouse ko l phn tiu (Title Section) ca i tng t vo v tr mong mun.

Hnh 1.19: Di chuyn ca s Solution Explorer ra ngoi

Hnh 1.20: Tr ca s Solution Explorer v v tr c

Nhn gi chut tri v ko n v tr mong mun.

Nhn gi chut tri v ko n v tr c du tr.

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1.4.7 Xem tr gip Bn c th xem tr gip trc tuyn hay ci b MSDN xem tr gip. C nhiu cch

xem tr gip khc nhau (internet c rt nhiu forum h tr cng ng VB). 1.4.8 Thot khi VISUAL STUDIO.NET Lu li nhng g chng ta lm bng cch chn File | Save all. Chn File | Exit thot khi vs.NET.

Luyn tp trn lp

Cu hi l thuyt Cu 1: T Visual Basic c ngha g? Cu 2: ng dng ca VB lm g? Cu 3: Cch bin dch ra file .exe?

Cu 4: Tnh nng cc control thng dng? Cu 5: K tn mt s ngn ng lp trnh m bn bit? u nhuc im? Cu 6: Ti sao gi l .NET? Cu 7: Cng dng ca th vin MSDN? Cu 8: Cu hnh yu cu ti thiu ca PC ci c VB.NET? Cu 9: Cc bc to mi v lu project VB.NET? Cu 10: Cc bc m v lu project VB.NET?

Bi tp luyn tp Bi 1: Khi ng chung trnh VB NET v chn ung dn lu project. Hung dn:

B1: T giao din khi ng VB NET chn Create Project B2: Ti ca s Newproject chn Windows Form Aplication

Hnh 1.21

B3: T giao din thit k chn File/Save All

B1

B2

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Hnh 1.22

B4: Ca s Save Project hin ra ta t tn v ng dn lu project

Hnh 1.23

Bi 2: Cch ly cc thanh toolbox trn VB NET Hung dn: T thanh menu chn View/Toolbox hay nhn t hp phm Ctr+Alt+X

Hnh 1.24

Thanh toolbox hin ra. Ta c th cho n hin nhanh thanh toolbox bng cch click vo biu tung sau:

B3

B4