bacterial diseases of the nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
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BACTERIAL DISEASES OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
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BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
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HEAMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
An aerobic, gram negative bacterium that is a
common member of the normal throat
microbiota.
The carbohydrate capsule of the bacterium is
important to its pathogenicity
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
An aerobic, gram negative bacterium with a
polysaccharide capsule, and frequently
present in the nose and throat
Symptoms are caused by endotoxin
Distinguishing feature a rash that does not
fade when pressed
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STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
Gram-positive, encapsulated diplococcus
Common inhabitant of nasopharyngeal region
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DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Diagnosis
± Spinal Tap
Sample of CSF exam
To identify pathogen
Treatment
± Broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin
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LISTERIOSIS
Causes meningitis in newborns,
immunosuppressed, pregnant women, cancer
patients
Causative Agent
± Listeria monocytogenes
Mode of Transmission
± Ingestion of contaminated food
Treatment
± Penicillin G
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TETANUS
Causative Agent
± Clostridium tetani
Anaerobic endospore-forming gram positive rod
Mode of Transmission
± Fecal-Oral Route
± Ingestion of contaminated food
Signs and Symptoms
± Spasms
± Lockjaw
± Opisthotonos
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TETANUS
Treatment
± Preventive Measures (Vaccine)
DPT (diphtheria pertussis tetanus)
TT (tetanus toxoid)
± Debridement of wound
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BOTULISM
Type A
± Most virulent, most heat resistant
±
Proteolytic Type B
± Both proteolytic and non-proteolytic strain
Type E
± Less heat resistant
± Non-proteolytic
Infant and Wound Botulism
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LEPROSY
Also known as Hansens Disease
Causative Agent
± Mycobacterium leprae
Types
± Tuberculoid (Neural)
Loss of sensation surrounded by nodules
±Lepromatous (Progressive) Disseminated nodules, tissue necrosis
Mode of Transmission
± Direct, INTIMATE, PROLONGED contact
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LEPROSY
Diagnosis
± Lepromin Test
Treatment ± Dapsone, Rifampin, Clofazimine
Vaccine
± BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
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POLIOMYELITIS
Causative Agent
± Polio virus
Mode of Transmission ± Ingestion of water contaminated feces
Signs and Symptoms
± Headache, Sore Throat, Fever, Stiffness of the back
and neck and paralysis
Diagnosis
± Cell culture of feces and throat secretion
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POLIOVIRUS
VACCINES
± Salk vaccine
Inactivated Polio Vaccine
FORMALIN -INACTIVATED
± Sabin vaccine
Oral Polio Vaccine
3 LIVE Attenuated
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RABIES
Causative agent
± Rhabdovirus, Lyssa Virus
Mode of Transmission ± Direct contact of contaminated saliva to mucus
membranes
± Inhalation
Signs and Symptoms
± Muscle Spasms
± Hydrophobia
± Photophobia
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RABIES
Types
± Furious Rabies
± Paralytic Rabies
Treatments
± Postexposure prophylaxis
± Diploid Cell Vaccine
± Human Rabies Immune Globulin
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ARBOVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
Encephalitis caused by mosquito-borne
viruses (ARthropod-BOrne Virus)
± Eastern Equine Encephalitis (Aedes, Culiseta)
± Western Equine Encephalitis (Culex)
± St. Louis Encephalitis (Culex)
± California Encephalitis (Aedes)
± Western Nile Virus (Culex, Aedes, and others)
± Japanese B Encephalitis
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FUNGAL DISEASE OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis
± Cryptococcosis
± Mode of Transmission
Inhalation and Soil contamination
± Diagnostic Test
Latex Agglutination
CSF examination
± Treatment
Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
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PROTOZOAN DISEASES OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
± Causative Agent
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosma brucei rhodesiense
± Mode of Transmission
Bite of Tse Tse Fly
±Drug of choice Suramin, Pentamidine
Melarsoprol, Eflornithine
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PROTOZOAN DISEASES OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Naegleria Meningoencephalitis
± Causative Agent
Naegleria fowleri
± Mode of Transmission
Contaminated ponds or streams (swimming)
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NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES
CAUSED BY PRIONS
Sheep Scrapie
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
±
Resolved only in INCINERATION Kuru (New Guinea)
± Cannibalistic rituals
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ± MAD COW DISEASE
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DISEASE CAUSED BY UNIDENTIFIED
AGENTS
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
± some unidentified infectious agent is
responsible
± Recovery from viral infections
Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus)