bacterial classification - iws.collin.eduiws.collin.edu/mweis/microbiology/lecture/adobe...
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Prokaryotes
Domain Archaea [ancient bacteria]Domain Eubacteria[true bacteria]
make up the old Kingdom Monera
ProkaryotesMost abundant groupWidely distributedOldest organisms
Domain Eukarya
OrganellesPlasma membraneCell wall, if present, made up of polysaccharides
Fungi : chitinPlants/Algae: cellulose or pectinsVertebrates: no cell wall
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
EukaryotesDNA
Membrane, nucleusMultiple chromosomesAssociated with histones
OrganellesCell WallsDivision
Sexual: MeiosisAsexual: Mitosis
Motility: Flagella whips
ProkaryotesDNA
Nonmembrane, nucleiodOne circular chromosomeNo histones
OrganellesCell Walls: peptidoglycanDivision
AsexualBinary FissionSnappingBudding
Motility: Flagella spins
Domain Archaea
Evolved from earliest cellsMethanogens
Largest groupUse CO2
Extreme environmentHalophilesThermophilesPsychrophilesAcidophilesAlkaliphiles
Domain Eukarya
FungiMoldsYeastsMushrooms
ProtistaSlime MoldsUnicellular AlgaeProtozoa
PlantaeMulticellular AlgaeMossesPlants
AnimaliaeInsectsWormsSpongesVertebrates
Fungi
EukaryoticUnicellular = yeastMulticellular = molds, mushroomsHyphae for nutrition from preformed matterChitinBeneficial: decomposersPathogenicMycology
Protista
EukaryoticUnicellularLack cell wallClassified based on movements
CiliatesFlagellatesPseudopods
Beneficial: decomposersPathogenic
Eubacteria
ProkaryoticUnicellularShapesVary in sizeTaxonomy: Bergey’s Manual
Low G+C Gram PositiveHigh G+C Gram PositiveGram Negative Proteobacteria
Nonpathogenic: environmental contributionsPathogenic
Bacterial Shapes
Result of Asexual ReproductionBinary Fission
Cross wall dividesDaughter cells +/- separate
Snapping DivisionInner cell wall dividesDaughter cells hinged
BuddingOutgrowth of original cell
Low G+C Gram Positive Organisms
RodsClostridiaMycoplasmasBacillusListeriaLactobacillus
CocciStreptococcusEnterococcusStaphylococcus
High G+C Gram Positives
RodsCorynebacteriumMycobacteriumActinomycetes
ActinomycesNocardiaStreptomyces
Corynebacterium
Nocardia M.tb
Gram Negative Gamma Proteobacteria
PathogenicLegionellaCoxiellaPseudomonadsEnterobacteriaceae
E. coliSalmonellaShigellaProteusYersiniaEnterobacterSerratia Pseudomonas
Other BacteriaChlamydia
PathogenicChlamydiaSpirochetes
Treponema [syphilis]Borrelia [Lyme ds]
Borrelia Treponema
Virus
AcellularNucleic acid coreProtein coatEnvelope [+/-]
ModificationsViroids: RNA virusVirions : outside hostPrions: proteins