Background

Definition1) A visual picture of information

→ allows the mind to see

undiscovered

patterns and relationships.

2) A tool to organize the patterns

of writing.

Coherence1. Clear labels for the relationship

between concepts analysis

→ a visual picture to analyze the organizations

Consistence

1. Establish a routine for implementing an essay

Literature Review

Graphic Organizers1. Organize thoughts for reading and writ

ing short stories2. Find the themes, describe the characte

rs, and understand the conflicts or resolutions of the short stories.

3. Write a short story with graphic organizers

Correlation: graphic organizers short story writing practices

1. Li (2007): graphic organizers and story organization.

2. Ibnian (2010): Story mapping technique and visual awar

eness Sequential understanding of stories. Better control of developing narratives

Correlation: graphic organizers short story writing practices3. Nguyen (2007):students’ advancement

in narrative writing and graphic organizers.

4. Brenna (2006): graphic organizer software online and positive improvement in “daily writing assignments.”

Effectiveness of graphic organizers

1. Brombley, Irwin-DeVitis, and Modlo (1995): “Make visually explicit the organizational p

atterns of text” “Facilitate Four Skills”

2. Four organizational patterns: hierarchical, conceptual, sequential, and cyclical

Effectiveness of graphic organizers3. Our Study Focus: Sequential pattern <

> Organize events of stories.

4. The Expected Result <> events into “cause/effect, chronology, process/product or problem/solution” order

Spider map, Character analysis grid, Story map

1. Our objective: Short story writing guidance and th

ree graphic organizers. Read/write the themes, to describe t

he characters, and map the sequential order of a story

Spider map, Character analysis grid, Story map

2. Delsandro (2007): students’ realization of themes and the skill of spider map

3. Fournier and Graves’s (2002): character analysis grid and description skills

Spider map, Character analysis grid, Story map4. Ibnian (2010):

Applying story map technique in teaching story writing

References Bellanca, James. (2007). A Guide to Graphic Org

anizers. Brenna, Keith. (2006). Mind-Mapping, Graphic O

rganizers, and Student Writing. Bromley, Karen, Irwin-DeVitis, Linda, and Modlo

Marcia. (1995). GraphicOrganizers :Visual Strategies for Active Learning

References

Fournier, David N. E. and Graves Michael F. (2002). Scaffolding Adolescents' Comprehension of Short Stories.

Ibnian, Salem Saleh Khalaf. (2010). The Effect of Using the Story- Mapping Technique on Developing Tenth Grade Students’ Short Story Writing Skills in EFL.

References

Li, D. (2007). Story Mapping and its Effects on the Writing Fluency and Word Diversity of Students with Learning Disabilities.

Nguyen, Sharine. (2007). The Effect of Graphic Organizers on Third Grade Students’ Narrative Writing.