baby boomers - flinders universitybaby boomers lynne cobiac1 july 2012 ... 3 34 45 56 67 78 89 90 01...

7/25/2012

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& Anne Taylor, Jennifer Buckley, Graeme Hugo

Baby Boomers Lynne Cobiac1

July 2012

1Director, Preventative Health National Research Flagship

Baby Boomers (Source: Modified from Flynn 2004,

from G Hugo)

1. Rebellious in youth, now conservative

2. Optimistic, ambitious, loyal

3. See employment as guaranteed

4. Job status important

5. Focus on process and outputs in work

6. Committed to employer

7. Selfish (SKI)

Baby Boomers: Marketing stereotype

Nutrition in 3rd Age | Lynne Cobiac | Page 2

Compared to Older Cohort • Different attitudes to working at older

ages

• More healthy?

• More living by themselves

• Different housing aspirations

• More ethnically heterogeneous

• Different health problems

• Different living areas

• Fewer children

• Higher education

• More mobile

• Better off economically but more unequal

• Higher expectations

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• Born between 1946 and 1964 - 28% of population

• Experienced transition from early modernity during childhood….

• Routine, predictability, security

• …To late modernity as adult

• Risk, flexibility, change, uncertainty, affluence

• Alters food consumption • Loss of 1950s family meals and surrounding culture

• Routine provided cultural restraints now lost

• Flexible eating patterns, solo eating, eating in front of TV, eating out, irregular eating, snacking

• Alters physical activity • Modernising and labour saving devices

• Less active occupations

• First generation to attribute delibitating stress to everyday life (18% BB with mental illness)

Who are they really?


• Baby Boomers in SA • 10.5% retired (n=941/8948) SAMSS 2007-2011

• More females than males retired (58% of those retired vs 47% working)

• Those with less education tend to be retired (59% of those retired; 44% working)

• Now many working longer hours

– Predictor of obesity

• Baby Boomers more likely to live longer post-retirement compared earlier years

Thinking about retirement: Positive?


36.3 40.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1881

-18

90

1891

-19

00

1901

-19

10

1920

-19

22

1932

-19

34

1946

-19

48

1953

-19

55

1965

-19

67

1975

-19

77

1985

-19

87

1995

-19

97

2004

-20

06

2007

-20

09

Males

Females

Life expectancy at age 45 (ABS 2011)

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ABS Reasons for Retirement Survey (Males)

<55 55-64

%

65+

Eligible for Super/Pension 11.6 51.4 71.2

Sickness 66.4 30.8 13.9

Retrenched 17.1 15.3 10.3

Sold Own Business 6.9 2.5 4.6

Number (‘000) 182.4 515.2 204.8

Lower proportion are retiring now vs 2003 (60-

65 years: SAMSS)


01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

01

00

P

reva

len

ce (

%)

Janu

ary 20

03

July 2

003

Janu

ary 20

04

July 2

004

Janu

ary 20

05

July 2

005

Janu

ary 20

06

July 2

006

Janu

ary 20

07

July 2

007

Janu

ary 20

08

July 2

008

Janu

ary 20

09

July 2

009

Janu

ary 20

10

July 2

010

Janu

ary 20

11

Month

Actual Predicted 95% CI

2003: 58% 2010: 45%

• We see that many, if they are not ill, are delaying retirement,

change in financial situations

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Methods

Data - North West Adelaide Health (Cohort) Study (n=4060)

Study Population 1946-1965: n=1195

1946-1955: n=558

1956-1965: n=637

Obesity and Baby boomers

National 45-64 year olds highest prevalence of obesity

in Australia

One in 3 are obese (compared to 1 in 4 for the whole population)

7 out of 10 are either overweight or obese

South Australia

38% obese

8 out of 10 older BBs are either overweight or obese


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Underweight/normalbmi <25

Overweight: bmi=>25<30

Obese: bmi=>30

Born 1946

Born 1956

Source: NWAHS 2011

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We are getting fatter!


Changes in Prevalence of High Waist Ratio between 2000-03 and 2004-06

Cohort Males Females

2000-03 2004-06 2000-03 2004-06

1946-1955 75.3 79.7 71.7 76.1

1956-1965 60.8 66.7 60.2 68.8 Source: NWAHS Stages 1 and 2

Impact of Baby Boom Obesity on Projected Number of Hospital Separations (from G Hugo)

Diabetes

2005 38,407

2020 120,230

Complete Knee Replacements

2005 28,490

2020 67,619

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(from Gary Wittert)


Baby Boomers from North West Adelaide Health Study in SA….Risky business


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 71

61

46.6

37.6

20.7 17.1 16.5

7.6

%

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Chronic health conditions – NWAHS 2011

1. 27% arthritis (higher in obese 34% vs 19% normal/uwt)

2. 4% osteoporosis

3. 16% mental conditions

4. 8% diabetes (higher in obese 12.5% vs 2.4% normal/uwt)

5. 18.5% mild to severe depression (CES-D)


Lifestyle/Health care

Lifestyle • Those who participated in ‘wellness’ programs while working, more likely

to maintain healthy lifestyles when retired (Yen et al 2006)

• Positive self-perceptions of aging predicted preventive health behaviours after retirement (Wilson et al 2007)

– 86% have 2 or more TVs, 54.3% had 3 or more

– 51.2% had at least 1 computer game

– 12% had 1-2 bicycles

– 72% had at least 1 pet

– 92% homes smoke free

Health care utilisation • 3% saw a dietitian

• 20% saw a physiotherapist


(all from NWAHS 2011)

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)

Attitudes to Ageing Rating of Self Protection Factors

82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92% 94% 96% 98%

Friends

Curiosity/passion for life

Exercise

Healthy weight

Good diet

Baby Boomers 1946-1965

(NWAHS)

Beliefs versus Lifestyle

Self Protection Factors – Beliefs

Exercise 92.3

Good diet 96.0

Healthy weight 94.8

Meaning in life 88.3

Friends/social engagement 86.9

Actual Lifestyle

Sufficient Activity 35.4

Vegetables per day (median) 2.0

Normal Wt (BMI 18.50-24.99) 25.3

Hobbies/interests 74.4

Satisfied with socialising 42.8

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Health Resources Mainstream and At Risk Groups

37.7

20.1

6.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

All BabyBoomers

Depressed <$40,000 Retired Singles

Pe

rce

nta

ge %

>= 3 Risk Factors Poor SR Health >= 3 Chronic Conditions

**

**

**

**

**

*

**

**

*

*

**p<.001; *p<.05; NWAHS Stage 2, 2004 and TFU Follow-up 2007.

• Retired vs working (Baby Boomers, SAMSS 2007-2011)

• Higher proportion eat

• >5 serves vegetables (17% vs 13%)

• >2 serves fruit (52% vs 45%)

• Never eat fast food (41% vs 26%)

• Never/hardly ever eat chips (36% vs 24%)

• Never/hardly ever eat meat (21% vs 15%)

• Lower proportion eat

• Fast food >1/week (8% vs 17%)

• Meat > 8 times/month (31% vs 38%)

• Drink > 8 glasses water/day (14% vs 17%)

Any differences in eating habits with retirement?


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1. Retired vs working Source SAMSS 2007-2010

1. Slightly higher obesity rate (26 vs 24%) but less overweight (41 vs 44%)

2. Sicker: More with at least one chronic condition (65 vs 54%)

Diabetes (13 vs 8%)

CVD (11.5 vs 10.6%)

Arthritis (43.5 vs 31.5%)

Osteoporosis (10 vs 5%)

Disability (35 vs 18%)

High cholesterol (34 vs 24%)

Psychological distress (6 vs 4%)

3. More active – more do ‘sufficient activity’ (55 vs 48%)

4. More vegetables, fruit, less fast food, less meat

What about those who are 60-65 (ie older BBs) years and retired vs working?


Weight changes not consistent May be related to level of activity of work

• More active in work, more likely to gain weight/increase waist circumference

More vegetables consumed in retired vs working (Nooyens et al 2005, Davies et al 1986, Lauque et al 1998)

• (But not fibre or nutrients)

Lower expenditure on food

• Monthly spend on eating 31% lower in retired vs working

• Reduced spending on eating out associated with weight loss (Chung et al 2007)

• More alcohol – Increased with retirement if had sedentary job vs still working in

sedentary job (Morris et al 1992)

What happens to weight & diet moving from work to retirement? (Dollman & Miller 2011)


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Baby boomers with attitude….

1. Ambivalent on whether or not fruits and vegetables are too expensive (NWAHS 2011)

2. Majority felt quality of fruits and vegetables was good (~76%) (NWAHS 2011)

3. Most (92%) had an evening meal cooked > 4 times per week (NWAHS 2011)

4. Most overall felt happy – 11% were not (Mastery & Control: NWAHS 2011)

5. General health and well-being (SF-36 version 2: NWAHS 2011)

Lowest scores for

mental health (77)

general health (68)

bodily pain (64)

vitality (58)


Weighing up health


-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

Non-Obese

Obese

1946-1956 cohort (SF-36, NWAHS)

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

physical health

mental healthObese

Non-Obese

1956-1965 cohort (SF-36, NWAHS)

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Habits are different… (NWAHS 2011)

Eating Habits

• Overall 63% consumed soft/sports drinks each week • 71% younger vs 55% older BBs

• 39% younger BBs consumed >2L vs 26% older BBs

• Higher waist circumference >2L/wk (34%) vs normal (25%)

• Obese >2L/week (29%) vs normal/underweight (22%)

• Overall 22% purchased fast foods for evening meal 1/fortnight

• 39% purchased fast foods for evening meal ≥ 1/week • 17% younger BBs vs 11% older BBs >1/wk



Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease?

Prevalence

of AD

(Tobias, 2008)

~15 yrs

Prevalence

of PiB+ve PET

in HC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

Age (years)

Histological postmortem

Plaque (Davies, 1988, n=110, Braak, 1996, n=551,

Sugihara, 1995, n=123)

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Baby Boomers, now 46-66 years of age….

1. Many will live another 40 years

2. Others are hitting retirement age, but delaying • Still need research to understand changes with retirement

3. Different expectations compared to previous cohorts

4. Role of diet and lifestyle – impact of obesity – healthy aging • 38% obese

• Differences between the younger and older baby boomers

• Reduce prevalence obesity in younger baby boomers

5. Beliefs not translating to health promoting behaviour • Need to be modifying attitudes and behaviours now before retiring

6. Higher risk groups within

Summary

Presentation title | Presenter name | Page 25

Anne Taylor, University of Adelaide

Jennifer Buckley, University of Adelaide

Graeme Hugo, University of Adelaide

Michelle Miller, Flinders University

Jim Dollman, University of South Australia

Acknowledgements


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Thank you Lynne Cobiac P-Health Flagship t +61 08 8303 8819 e [email protected] w www.csiro.au

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