bab 4 jirim
DESCRIPTION
4.2 Struktur Atom4.3 Nombor Proton dan Nombor Nukleon dalam Atom UnsurTRANSCRIPT
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4.2 STRUKTUR ATOM
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Semua jirim terdiri daripada unit asas yang sangat kecil
yang disebut atom
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Atom terdiri daripada nukleus di tengah yang dikelilingi oleh
elektron-elektron
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Zarah Subatom
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STRUKTUR ATOM
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Atom merupakan zarah neutral kerana :
Bilangan proton = bilangan elektron
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Unsur Bilangan
Proton Elektron Neutron
Hidrogen 1 1 0
Helium 2 2 2
Karbon 6 6 6
Natrium 11 11 12
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Ion
Ialah atom-atom / zarah – zarah yang bercas
Terhasil apabila bilangan proton & bilangan elektron yang tidak seimbang
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Ion Positif
Terhasil apabila bilangan proton (cas positif) melebihi
bilangan elektron (cas negatif)
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Ion Negatif
Terhasil apabila bilangan elektron (cas negatif)
melebihi bilangan proton (cas positif)
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QUIZ TIME !!!!
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Zarah Bilangan Proton
Bilangan Elektron
Bilangan Neutron
Cas
K 9 10 11
Zarah Bilangan Proton
Bilangan Elektron
Bilangan Neutron
Cas
L 11 10 12
Zarah Bilangan Proton
Bilangan Elektron
Bilangan Neutron
Cas
M 13 13 14
-1
+1
0
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4.3 NOMBOR PROTON & NOMBOR NUKLEON
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Nombor Proton
Nombor proton sesuatu atom adalah bilangan proton dalam atom tersebut
Nombor proton = bilangan protonNombor proton = bilangan proton
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Nombor Nukleon
Nombor Nukleon sesuatu atom adalah jumlah bilangan proton & neutron
dalam atom tersebut
Nombor nukleon = bil proton + bil neutronNombor nukleon = bil proton + bil neutron
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14
7 N Simbol unsurNombor nukleon
Nombor proton
Bilangan proton = 7Bilangan elektron = 7
Bilangan neutron = 14 – 7 = 7
Bilangan proton = 7Bilangan elektron = 7
Bilangan neutron = 14 – 7 = 7
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Isotop
Ialah atom-atom bagi unsur yang mempunyai nombor proton sama
tetapi nombor nukleon yang berbeza
UNSUR ISOTOP SIMBOL NOMBOR NUKLEON
NOMBOR PROTON
Hidrogen
Hidrogen -1 11
1 1
Hidrogen -2 12
2 1
Hidrogen-3 13
3 1
H
H
H
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Isotop
Isotop-isotop bagi unsur yang sama mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama
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Isotop
Sifat fizik isotop adalah berbeza
Karbon -14 mempunyai takat lebur, takat didih dan ketumpatan yang
lebih tinggi daripada isotop Karbon -12 dan Karbon -13
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Latihan
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1. Takrifkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon
2. Lengkapkan jadual yang berikut :
3. Apakah nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi unsur Z?
4. Kenalpasti sepasang isotop daripada jadual di atas
Atom Bilangan proton
Bilangan elektron
Bilangan neutron
V 7 7
W 8 9
X 9 10
Y 7 8
Z 10 11