BA 4/21 What was the most extreme group of

Marxist Revolutionaries that would take over Russia?

Who was the leader of this group?

What event occurred after generals fired into a crowd of workers that had taken a petition to the czar’s winter palace?

Rise of Joseph Stalin 1922-Lenin has a stroke

Stalin becomes leader of Soviet Union Stalin: Russian for “man of steel”

Wants Soviet Union to become powerful world nation

Wants absolute power Video

Rise of Joseph Stalin continued

Starts totalitarianism

Totalitarianism: government that takes total control over every aspect of public and private life Becomes popular idea throughout Europe

JosephStalin

Features of Totalitarianism1. Terror and violence to force obedience

Police spy on citizens and use brutal force

2. Control of education to glorify leader and convince citizens of unconditional loyalty

3. Propaganda and censorship of mass media All books, newspapers, movies, art, and music

must be approved by government Citizens surrounded by false information

4. Religious or ethnic persecution to create groups of people to blame for country’s problems

Great Purge (1934-1938) Stalin planned to create a prefect Communist

state

Created a campaign of terror to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power

Used secret police to tap phone lines, read mail, and hide informants

8-13 million Russians executed Video

Stalin’s Totalitarian StateGovernment controlled all forms of

communication Newspaper, movies, radio, books, and art

Only allowed to promote communism, Stalin and his programs

Government controlled education from nursery school to college Learned virtues of communism

Eliminated religion Believed religion would reduce one’s loyalty to

Russia Portrayed religion as superstitious

Stalin’s Totalitarian State continuedCreated a command economy

Command economy: government decides what to produce, where to make it, and what price to charge

Believes USSR is 50-100 years behind industrialized countries Wants to make up distance in 10 years

Creates 5 Year Plan

Features of Totalitarianism1. Terror and violence to force obedience– Police spy on citizens and use brutal force

2. Control of education to glorify leader and convince citizens of unconditional loyalty

3. Propaganda and censorship of mass media– All books, newspapers, movies, art, and music must

be approved by government– Citizens surrounded by false information

4. Religious or ethnic persecution to create groups of people to blame for country’s problems

5 Year Plan Set impossibly high quotas for steel, coal, oil, and

electricity

Plan leads to limited production of consumer goods

Causes severe shortages in housing, food, and clothing

Video

4 Benefits under Stalin1. Increase in education and skilled laborers

2. Universal healthcare

3. Increases Russian industry and economy

4. Women gain equal rights 1950’s: 75% of doctors were women

Creation of FascismAfter WWI, world enters Great Depression

Causes global economic poverty

People losing faith in democracy

Turn to Fascism

Fascism: military political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and its leader

5 Features of Fascism• Promise to revive economy

• Punish people responsible for hard times

• Restore order and national pride

• Loyalty to the state

• Obedience to authoritarian leader

Video

Problems in Italy Italy disappointed with small land gained from

Treaty of Versailles

High unemployment and rising inflation

Italian government unable to fix problems Democratic with limited monarchy

Opens the doorway for Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini Newspaper editor and politician

Favorite book was The Republic by Plato Creates Fascist Party in 1919

AKA: Black ShirtsClashed with communists, socialists, and

anarchists at parades & demonstrations

Makes 2 promises:1. Fix economy2. Rebuild military

Video

Gains support of middle class, aristocracy, and industrial leaders

Benito Mussolini continuedMussolini’s followers attack Communists

and Socialists in streets

30,000 Fascists march on Rome

Demand Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III, place Mussolini in charge of government

Mussolini legally appointed prime minister Victor Emmanuel III let Mussolini lead in fear of a civil

war

Mussolini in Power Abolishes democracy

Outlaws all political parties except Fascists

Creates secret police

Censors media to only broadcast Fascist beliefs

Video

EA 4/211. What is fascism?

2. Who was the politician that created the Fascist Party in 1919 and was legally named Prime Minister by the Italian King?

Assignment- Propaganda– The Fascist and totalitarian leaders after WWI used

propaganda to sway their people to follow their cause. For example, Lenin created the slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread” in an effort to gain control of Russia. Your goal is to create your own cause and come up with your own propaganda poster. • Propaganda= information or material spread to

advance a cause or to damage an opponent’s cause• This poster must contain:

– Slogan– Colored picture to depict your cause

• Example slogans from Lenin– “Peace, Land, Bread”– “Worker Control of Production”– “All power to the Soviets”

Examples of Propaganda Posters video video