P1 Revision cards

P1 Revision Questions

Part 1

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Question 1

• What objects cool down the quickest?

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Answer 1

• Hot objects

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Question 2

• What is a thermogram?

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Answer 2

• Pictures where different temperatures are represented by different colours

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Question 3

• What is heat measured in? What is temperature measured in?

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Question 4

• What is heat? What is temperature?

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Answer 4

• Heat is energy, temperature is a measure of hotness (energy per particle)

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Question 5

• What is the specific heat capacity?

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Question 6

• What is the specific latent heat?

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Answer 6

• The energy required per kg to change the state of a substance

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Question 7

• What 3 things affects the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of an

object?

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Answer 7

• Volume, temperature, specific heat capacity of material

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Question 8

• What experiment can you use to measure the energy required to change the temperature of

a body?

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Answer 8

• Heat up a certain mass of water and measure the temperature change. Then using its

specific heat capacity use the energy equation

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Question 9

• What happens to the temperature of a material when it is melting or boiling?

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Answer 9

• It stays constant

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Question 10

• What does a graph look like for when an Ice is being heated?

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Question 11

• What colours represent the hottest and coldest parts of a thermogram?

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Answer 11

• Hot = Red/ yellow

• Cold = Blue/ purple

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Question 12

• Where does heat flow from?

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Answer 12

• Hot objects to cold objects

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Question 13

• Why does the temperature not change when the state of material is changing?

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Answer 13

• The energy is being used to break the bonds that hold the molecules together

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Question 14

• What surfaces are good and absorbing and reflecting infrared radiation?

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Answer 14

• Absorbing- black rough. Reflecting- silver shiny

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Question 15

• Why is air a good insulator?

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Answer 15

• Particles are spaced out and are not in fixed positions

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Question 16

• What 3 ways can heat be transferred from one place to another?

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Answer 16 .... of 50

Conduction, convection, radiation

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Question 17

• What is conduction?

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Answer 17

• Where heat is transferred from particles vibrating

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Question 18

• What is convection?

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Answer 18

• Where fluid (liquid or gas) is heated, particles become less dense and rise, they lose their

heat to the surroundings and sink. This repeats itself

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Question 19

• What materials are good for convection?

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Answer 19

• Liquids and gases (as the particles can move)

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Question 20

• Name 5 ways to reduce heat loss for a house

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Answer 20

• Cavity wall insulation, loft insulation, double glazing, draft excluders, aluminium foil behind

radiators

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Question 21

• What is payback time?

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Answer 21

• The time taken to save the original cost

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Question 22

• Why are loft insulation and cavity wall insulation good at keeping heat in?

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Answer 22

• They are made of fibre glass and have trapped pockets of air in them

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Question 23

• What is meant by efficiency?

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Answer 23

• How much input energy is converted to useful output energy

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Question 24

• What is a Sankey diagram?

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Answer 24

• A diagram that shows the efficiency

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Question 25

• What is the amplitude of a wave?

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Answer 25

• The maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position

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Question 26

• What is the frequency of a wave?

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Answer 26

• The distance between two wave peaks

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Question 27

• What is the highest and lowest point of a wave?

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Answer 27

• Highest = peak

• Lowest = Trough

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Question 28

• What is refraction? Why does it happen?

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Answer 28

• When a light ray changes direction as it travels into a new medium that has a different

density

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Question 29

• What are the 7 different electromagnetic waves? (in order of ascending frequency)

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Answer 29

• Radio, Microwave, Infrared, visible, UV, x-ray, gamma

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Question 30

• How can each of these waves be used in communication: Radio, micro, infrared, visible

light

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Answer 30

• TV, walkie talkies- mobile phones- remote controls-morse code

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Question 31

• What is meant by the frequency of a wave?

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Answer 31

• How many successive waves pass a point per second

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Question 32

• What does the speed of a wave depend on?

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Answer 32

• The medium it travels in

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Question 33

• What is reflection? What is the law of reflection?

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Answer 33

• Where waves bounce off a surface. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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Question 34

• Where does refraction occur?

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Answer 34

• Between the boundaries of 2 mediums

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Question 35

• What is diffraction? Where does it happen and what conditions does it happen best at?

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Answer 35

• Where waves spread out. Happens when waves travel through a gap (aperture).

Happens best when the gap is the same size or smaller than the wavelength

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Question 36

• What does the diffraction pattern look like when the gap slightly bigger that the

wavelength of a wave?

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Question 37

• What is total internal reflection?

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Answer 37

• The reflection of light inside glass. It happens where the glass meets the air (boundary)

because of a difference in densities

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Question 38

• What is the critical angle?

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Answer 38

• The angle above which the light starts total internal reflection

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Question 39

• Where does total internal reflection happen?

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Answer 39

• At the boundary between air and glass

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Question 40

• Name a use of total internal reflection

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Answer 40

• Fibre optics

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Question 41

• Name 3 uses of lasers

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Answer 41

• Communication, dental treatment, surgery, weapon guidance, bar code readers

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Question 42

• What is Morse code?

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Answer 42

• A code that uses dots and dashes to send messages

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Question 43

• Why is Morse code a digital signal?

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Answer 43

• The signal is either on or off

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Question 44

• Name 3 properties of lasers

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Answer 44

• Monochromatic (one frequency), coherent (in phase), does not diverge much

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Question 45

• How do CDs work? How are they read?

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Answer 45

• CD has shiny and transparent layer. They have pits in them-lasers are used and are reflected.

A digital signal is read

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Question 46

• What 2 molecules absorb microwave radiation?

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Answer 46

• Fat and water

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Question 47

• What happens to water and fat particles when the absorb microwaves?

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Answer 47

• They gain energy and start to vibrate/ move around

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Question 48

• How does the kinetic energy of the warm particles inside cooked food get to the rest of

the food?

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Answer 48

• Conduction/ convection

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Question 49

• Describe 4 properties of microwaves

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Answer 49

• Electromagnetic wave, travel through space, travels large distances, sent instantly

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Question 50

• What happens when you increase the frequency of a wave?

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Answer 50

• The energy of the wave increases, the wavelength of the wave decreases

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