b3/b5 agricultural structures in the assif ait ahmed an ......assif ait ahmed an interdisciplinary...

Agricultural Structures in the Assif Ait Ahmed

An interdisciplinary case study of Tichki in the High Atlas Mountains

Holger Kirscht, Frank Gresens and Abderrahim Choukri

University of Cologne University of BonnMSWF

B3/B5

Agricultural Structures in the Assif Ait Ahmed An interdisciplinary case study of Tichki in the High Atlas Mountains

In the palm oasis of the Draa-valley water requirement for agricultural purposes is rather well known

Water availability for the traditional seguia irrigation system is largely defined by the water outlets of the MansourEddahahbi-Dam

SKOURA

OuedDade

s

Oue

dM

goun

OUARZAZATE

QALAA'TMGOUNA

Barrage Mansour Eddahbi

Barrage Agdz

Barrage Tansikht

Barrage Azaghar

Barrage Bounou

MezguitaTinzouline

Ternata

Fezouata

Ktaoua

M'HamidM'Hamid

Tiraf

BlidaTAGOUNITE

ZAGORA

Tinzouline

AGDZ

Oued Draa

Tamgroute

OuladYaoub

OuladLagraier

Auriz

Tichki Ameskar

SKOURA

OuedDade

s

Oue

dM

goun

OUARZAZATE

QALAA'TMGOUNA


Barrage Agdz

Barrage Tansikht

Barrage Azaghar

Barrage Bounou

MezguitaTinzouline

Ternata

Fezouata

Ktaoua

M'HamidM'Hamid

Tiraf

BlidaTAGOUNITE

ZAGORA

Tinzouline

AGDZ

Oued Draa

Tamgroute

OuladYaoub

OuladLagraier

Auriz

Tichki Ameskar

Working Area in theHigh Atlas Mountains

For the smaller oasis on the confluents of the Draa, like the Assif AitAhmed in the High Atlas Mountains, many of these information is still lacking.Our presentation is a first attempt of an ongoing interdisciplinary research work, combining anthropological and findings with those from agricultural sciencesIn addition, Hydrologists, Meteorologists, Geologists, and other scientists from the IMPETUS research project are working in the area

Tichki Ameskar

SKOURA

OuedDade

s

Oue

dM

goun

OUARZAZATE

QALAA'TMGOUNA


Barrage Agdz

Barrage Tansikht

Barrage Azaghar

Barrage Bounou

MezguitaTinzouline

Ternata

Fezouata

Ktaoua

M'HamidM'Hamid

Tiraf

BlidaTAGOUNITE

ZAGORA

Tinzouline

AGDZ

Oued Draa

Tamgroute

OuladYaoub

OuladLagraier

Auriz

Tichki Ameskar

In this presentation we are concentrating on the village of Tichki in the upper part of the valley.

Working Area in theHigh Atlas Mountains

Five settlements are located in the working area. Two of them, the upper Tichki and the upper Ameskar have been closer investigated

Tichki Valley

Tichki is a small village with about 200 inhabitants living in 28 households

Households are rather small:Nine households have 5 or less members.Only 2 have 15 and 23 member respectivelyThe average household size is 7,5 P/H.Half of the households have between 4 and 6 members

The Families belong to four „Grande Families“, the “original” or first permanent settlers in the valley

Permanent settlement in Tichki in the present form seems to be a relatively young phenomenon. Up to the 70s some families still lived in the Tighimt.

Tichki Valley

People in Tichki not only rely on the main river for irrigation, but benefit from additional sources, which feed the river through a side valley.

Fields at Tichki Valley

Area of river irrigation

Area of source irrigation

Ait KhouiaAit LmâalemAit MohamedAit OkhaNon ResidentToughrza

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“Grande Familles” owning fields at river

“Grande Familles” owning fields at source

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Grande Familles deTichki


Area of source irrigation

Area of river irrigation

“Grande Familles” owning fields at river

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Ait Khouia Brahim Ou MouhAkhzoud Mohamed Ben LhsenKhalis Lhsen Ben LmkhtarLbahi MohamedLhsen Ait HmadLkbouj Lhsen Ben MouhLkhouia Mohmed Ben AdiLmoudid LhoussainLmziani MhmedMoudid BrahimNon ResidentOu Jamer Abd AllahOu Jamer Mhemed Ben MouhOu Kha Brahim Adi Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim brahim Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim Lhoussain Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim Lhsen Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim Mohamed Ben HamouOu Khouia Mouh LhsenOu Lmkhtar Adi Ben LmkhtarOu Lmkhtar MohamedSaber Adi Ben LhoussainSaber Brahim Ben LhoussainSaber Hamou Ben LhoussainSaber IchouSaber Mohamed Ben Lhoussain#

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Saber Mouh Ben Lhoussain

Menages de Tichki


Soils and production systems

Five different soil types in Tichki Valley:

1. Black soil (0,07 – 0,2% N, 5,7 – 6,7% C, C:N : 33 – 120)

2. Loamy soil (0,05 – 0,2% N, 5,2 – 9,1% C, C:N : 33 – 104)

3. Sandy soil (0,05 – 0,2% N, 1,9 – 5,2% C, C:N : 25 – 60)

4. Mixed soil (0,05 – 0,2% N, 7,4 – 8% C, C:N : 40 – 95)(mixture between 2. and 3.)

5. Stony soil (0,03 – 0,06% N, 2,6 – 4,3% C, C:N : 58 – 104)


Five different production systems in Tichki Valley

1. Barley – Fallow (1 year cycle)

2. Barley – Maize (1 year cycle)

3. Barley – Maize – Barley – Potato – Barley – Maize –Barley – Carrot / Turnip (4 years cycle)

4. Fruits (Apple, Apricot, Peach and Walnut) (permanent)

5. Wood combined with grass production (permanent)

Soil type 5

Soil type 2 - 4

Soil type 1

Soil type 2 - 4

Soil type 5

Maize, Barley, Potatoes, Carrots and Turnip are produced for domestic consumption only

Fruits and Wood are Cash Crops

Apples recently became the most important Cash Crop


Irrigation

Turnip gets twice as much water than maize

Irrigation of maize and turnip in Tichki Valley

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

29.09.2003 29.09.2003 27.09.2003 29.09.2003

maize maize turnip turnip

Tichki spring Tichki spring Tichki spring Tichki spring

Irri

gat

ion

m3 m

-2

Biomass determination of maize in Tichki and Ameskar

Leaf area of maize in Tichki and Ameskar 2002 - 2003

0

20000

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Tichki 2002 Tichki 2003 Ameskar 2002 Ameskar 2003

Lea

f ar

ea (

m-2

ha-1

)

Tichkiplants per ha leafs per plant leaf area per leaf (m2)

2002 19700 8 0,022003 47600 9,6 0,03

Ameskarplants per ha leafs per plant leaf area per leaf (m2)

2002 18200 8,2 0,032003 32400 8,4 0,02

Transpiration of maize in Tichki and Ameskar

Transpiration of maize in Tichki and Ameskar 2002 - 2003 (2-3 weeks bevor harverest)

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Tichki 2002 Tichki 2003 Ameskar 2002 Ameskar 2003

tran

spir

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n m

m d

-1

DankeMerci

Thanks

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b3/b5 agricultural structures in the assif ait ahmed an ......assif ait ahmed an interdisciplinary...

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