b31.3 process piping course - 05_valveselection

8/9/2019 B31.3 Process Piping Course - 05_ValveSelection

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 5. Valve Selection

BECHT ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. Valve Selection - 1

ASME B31.3 Process Piping

Charles Becht IV, PhD, PE

Don Frikken, PE

Instructors


1. Establish applicable system standard(s)2. Establish design conditions3. Make overall piping material decisions

Pressure Class Reliability Materials of construction

4. Fine tune piping material decisions Materials Determine wall thicknesses Valves

5. Establish preliminary piping system layout & supportconfiguration

6. Perform flexibility analysis7. Finalize layout and bill of materials8. Fabricate and install9. Examine and test

Piping Development Process


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5. Valve Selection

Code Requirements

Selection by Valve Type Gate

Globe

Check

Butterfly

Ball

Plug

Pinch

Diaphragm


The Material in This Section is Addressed by B31.3 in:Chapter IV - Standards for Piping

Components


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Code Requirements [307]

Listed Valves

Can be used within their pressure-temperature ratings and any additionallimitations described in the Code


Code Requirements [307]Unlisted Valves can be used within Code limitationsif they:

“provide strength and performance equivalent tostandard components”, and

satisfy one of the following:

• pressure-temperature ratings established by the methoddescribed in Annex F of ASME B16.34, or

• are qualified for pressure design as required by para.304.7.2.


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Code Requirements [307]

Bolted bonnets secured byfewer than 4 bolts or a U-boltmay only be used in CategoryD Fluid Service.

Stems may not be retainedsolely by the seal retainingfasteners (blow-out proof)


Selection by Valve Type

Gate

Globe

Check

Butterfly

Ball

Plug

Pinch

Diaphragm


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GateValveFrom

API 603


GateValve

Bonnets

From

Bonney

Stockham

Milwaukee

Bolted

Welded

Screwed

Union


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GateValveBonnets

Pressure Seal Body to Bonnet Joint


GateValveStems

FromStockham

Outside Screw

and Yoke (OS&Y)

Inside Screw

Non-rising Stem


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Gate Valve Stem Pull Test API 591 requires pull testing of

the stem-to-wedge connection ofOS&Y valves.

The requirement is that the stembreak outside the valve.


Gate Valve TrimTrim items include

Stem

gate seat surfaces

body or seat ring seat surfaces

backseat stem contact surface

Trim options for carbon steel valves include

Half hard (13 Cr stem and disk, hard faced seats) – normally supplied

Full hard (13 Cr stem and disk, hard faced disk andseats

Alloy 400 (Alloy 400 stem, disk & seats)

316 SS (316 SS stem, disk & seats)


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Gate Valve Discs


Extended Body Gate Valve

From Vogt


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Knife Gate

ValvesMSS-SP-81

Typical

Nomenclature


KnifeGate

Valves

Seat Designs


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Gate Valve Attributes On-off applications (Not considered suitable

for throttling)

Works as well with flow from either direction

Suitable for use in wide range of conditions

Can be made fire resistant and blow-outresistant

Available in any size

Blocked-in volume when the valve is closed

Almost always leaks through the seat


GlobeValve

FromVogt


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Globe Valve

Straight-pattern Globewith Pressure-sealBonnet (Ramondi)

Angle Globe(Vogt)

Y-Pattern Globe(Vogt)


NeedleInstrumentValve

MSS-SP-105

From Vogt


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Globe Valve Attributes Suitable for on-off applications and throttling Works best with flow from one direction



Available in sizes up to about NPS 14 (DN 350)

No blocked-in volume when the valve is closed

Almost always leaks through the seat, but less

than a gate valve


Check ValveSwing(Ramondi)

Lift

(Vogt)

Tilting Disk

(ORBINOX)

Centerline

Guided

Disk

(Durabla)


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Dual-Plate Wafer Check Valves

Lug Body Wafer (API 594)

Wafer & Lug Bodies (Mueller)


Check Valve Attributes Works only with flow from one direction




No blocked-in volume when the valve isclosed

Almost always leaks through the seat, but

much more than a gate valve


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Check Valve Attributes Check valves check about 95% of the time Check valves can close suddenly when the flow is

reversed, causing severe water hammer

ExcellentTilting Disk

ExcellentC/L Disk

GoodWafer

Severe (improved with spring return)Lift

Severe (improved with weight or spring)Swing

Slam CharacteristicsValve Type


Gate, Globe & Check Valves

• P-T ratings are usuallylimited by the valve body

Quarter-Turn Valves

• P-T ratings are usuallylimited by the seat

Types vs. P/T Ratings


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• If a manufacturer makes onetype, they usually make theother types

Quarter-Turn Valves

• If a manufacturer makes one

type, they frequently do notmake the other types

Types vs. Manufacturers



• More difficult to add an actuator • Take longer to open & close

Quarter-Turn Valves

• Easier to add an actuator • Can be opened & closed

quickly (water hammer)

Types vs. Attributes


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Quarter Turn Valve HandlesHandles are parallel to the pipe centerline whenthey are open…

(Contromatics)


Quarter Turn Valve Handles…but some designs allow the handle to beinstalled incorrectly.

• Valve used to isolate apump for maintenance

• Release of a largequantity of flammableliquid at 150 psi (10bar) and 350ºF(175ºC)

• Explosion and fire.• 6 people injured• Required off site

evacuations

• US $13 milliondamage

• Shut down refinery forseveral months

(CCPS Beacon, June 2006)


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ButterflyValve –

LowPressure

From

API 609

Category A


Butterfly Valve – Low Pressure

Wafer Body, PTFE Lined

(Durco)

Lug Body

(Contromatics)


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Butterfly Valve – Low Pressure Suitable for on-off applications and throttling Works as well with flow from either direction

Suitable for use up to ~200°F (95°C), 150 psig(10 bar)

Cannot be made fire resistant or blow-outresistant

Generally available NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger


Usually does not leak through the seat

Can be PTFE Lined


Butterfly Valve – High PressureFrom API 609 - Category B Double offset


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Butterfly Valve – High PressureValve Seats

PTFE Seat

(Xomox)

FireResistant

Seat

(Xomox)

Fire

Resistant

Seat

(Contromatics)

Double offset


Butterfly Valve – High Pressure

(Velan)

Triple offset


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Butterfly Valve – High PressureStem

To

Disk

Attachment

Through

Stem

Keyed to

Disk

(Contromatics)

Double

(2-piece)

Stem

Pinned to

Disk

(Contromatics)


Butterfly Valve – High Pressure

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling

Generally works as well with flow from eitherdirection

Suitable for use in wide range of conditions,but PTFE seats limited to ~400°F (200°C)


Generally available NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger

No blocked-in volume when the valve isclosed



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BallValveFrom

API 608

Floating

Ball,

End

Entry


BallValve

From

API 608

Trunnion

Mounted,Two

Piece


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Ball Valve

End EntryOval Handle

(Contromatics)

Two PieceLever Handle

(Contromatics)


Ball Valve

Top Entry Three Piece (Swing-out)

(Contromatics)


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Ball Valve

Two Piece, Fully Lined (Xomox)


Ball Valve Attributes

On-off applications (not considered suitablefor throttling)


Suitable for use in wide range of conditions,but PTFE seats limited to ~400 °F (200°C)






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Plug ValveFrom API 599

Lubricated

Sleeve Lined


Plug

ValveFully Lined

(Durco) API 599


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Plug Valve Attributes

On-off applications and non-severe throttling


Suitable for use in wide range of conditions,but PTFE seats limited to ~400 °F (200°C)

Can be made fire resistant (only lubricatedtype) and blow-out resistant

Generally available up to ~NPS 12 (DN 300)




Pinch Valve

(Red Valve) (Resistoflex)


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Pinch Valve Attributes

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling


Suitable for use up to 200 to 300°F (95 to150°C)


Generally available up to NPS 12 (DN 300)


Almost never leaks through the seat

Great choice for abrasive slurries


Diaphragm Valve Weir Type

(Saunders) Fully Lined (Resistoflex)


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Diaphragm Valve Straight Way Type

(Saunders) (Tecofi)


Diaphragm Valve Attributes Suitable for on-off applications and throttling


Suitable for use up to 200 to 300°F (95 to150°C)


Generally available up to NPS 12 (DN 300)

No blocked-in volume when the valve is

closed Almost never leaks through the seat

Commonly used for sanitary service


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Valve Selection WorkshopWhat valve attributes and block, throttle and checkvalve types would you select for the followingservices:

Steam condensate

Dry chlorine liquid

Sulfuric acid

Gasoline

650 psig (45 bar) Steam

Heat transfer oil

Styrene monomer

Lime/water slurry

See Supplement page 8 for details.


Which way should ball valves with holesdrilled in the ball be installed?

Valve Installation Workshop

1

2

3

4

See Supplement page 51 for details.


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2

3

4

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