b. keith dunnavant, p.e. manager, data center cooling ... global leader in energy efficient air...
TRANSCRIPT
Air-Side Economizer Cycles
Applied to the Rejection of
Data Center Heat B. Keith Dunnavant, P.E.
Manager, Data Center Cooling Solutions
Munters Corporation
● Founded in 1955
● Manufacturing & Sales Locations in 30 countries
● A Global leader in Air Treatment
• Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Systems
• Indirect & Direct Evaporative Cooling
• Mist Elimination Systems
• Desiccant & Mechanical Dehumidification
• Data Center Heat Rejection Systems
• VOC Abatement
Products
M Fan -
Supply Air
Plenum
(Cold-Aisle)
Server Racks
qITE
Direct Air-side Economizer
MERV 8 Pre-filter MERV 13 filter
O/A
R/A Relief
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART728 FEET
Weather Data Location:
CHARLOTTE_DOUGLAS_INTL_ARPT, NORTH_CAROLINA, USA
Weather Hours
11 to 1
22 to 12
33 to 23
44 to 34
55 to 45
66 to 56
77 to 67
88 to 78
99 to 89
Recommended
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F
.001
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
15%
25%
2%
4%
6%
8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
-50
05
510
1015
1520
20 25
25 30
30 35
3540
40 45
45 50
5055
5560
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80 WET BU
LB TEMPER
ATURE - °F
80
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
VO
LU
ME
- CU
.FT
. PE
R L
B. D
RY
AIR
14.5
HU
MID
ITY
RA
TIO
- P
OU
ND
S M
OIS
TU
RE
PE
R P
OU
ND
DR
Y A
IR
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART728 FEET
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
Too Humid
Too Dry
Too Hot
Just Right
41.9F dp
59F dp
80.6F db 64.4F db
1 2
1
2
DIRECT EVAPORATIVE
COOLING … A CONSTANT
WET BULB PROCESS
HUMIDIFIES AND COOLS
Use Direct Evaporative Cooling to Expand ASE Envelope
1. Cool Hot, Dry Air
2. Humidify in Winter
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.915 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART6 FEET
Weather Data Location:
VANCOUVER, BRITISH_COLUMBIA, CANADA
Class A1
Recommended
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F
.001
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
.026
.027
.028
.029
.030
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
15%
25%
2%
4%
6%
8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
05
510
1015
1520
2025
25 30
3035
35 40
40 45
45 50
50 55
5560
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
85 WET BULB TEM
PERATURE - °F
85
90
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
VO
LU
ME
- CU
.FT
. PE
R L
B. D
RY
AIR
14.5
HU
MID
ITY
RA
TIO
- P
OU
ND
S M
OIS
TU
RE
PE
R P
OU
ND
DR
Y A
IR
85/74.3
Return Air
79.1/68.8
81.3/67.7
25/50%
Mix
S/A
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 1/22/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 1/22/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 1/22/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 1/22/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 1/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 1/25/2012
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.915 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART7 FEET
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
Mix Cold Dry Outdoor Air
With Warm Return Air
Humidify with Direct Evaporative Media
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.898 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART23 FEET
Weather Data Location:
SACRAMENTO_METROPOLITAN_AP, CALIFORNIA, USA
Weather Hours
27 to 1
54 to 28
81 to 55
108 to 82
135 to 109
162 to 136
189 to 163
216 to 190
243 to 217
Recommended
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F
.001
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
15%
25%
2%
4%
6%
8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
-50
05
510
1015
15 20
20 25
25 30
3035
35 40
40 45
45 50
50 55
5560
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80 WET BU
LB TEMPER
ATURE - °F
80
85
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
VO
LU
ME
- CU
.FT
. PE
R L
B. D
RY
AIR
HU
MID
ITY
RA
TIO
- P
OU
ND
S M
OIS
TU
RE
PE
R P
OU
ND
DR
Y A
IR
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.898 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART23 FEET
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
Cool Hot Dry Air
95F cools to 75F
MERV 8 + MERV 13 Filters
Wet Bulb Economizer Requires:
• Modulating O/A
Dampers
• Pressure Controls
• Humidity Controls
• MERV 8 +13 Filters
Does Not:
• Reduce Cooling Load
At WB Design
Modulating Face & Bypass
Dampers
VFD Controlled
Relief Fans
(Pressure Control)
Cooling Coil
Direct Evaporative Cooling
Mixing
Box
Return Damper
O/A
R/A S/A
Supply
Fans
Direct Air-Side Economizer
• Takes advantage of cooler ambient conditions
• Outdoor air is delivered DIRECTLY into the data hall
• Requires Good Air Filtration
• Requires Relief fans or barometric relief
• Requires a good means of mixing O/A with R/A
• Requires a means of humidification for winter use
• Requires a means of accurately regulating the humidification
• Cannot be used during high ambient dew point conditions
Indirect Air-Side Economizer with
Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger
95F 75F
96.5F
3 Operating Modes 1) Winter – Dry HX
2) Summer – Wet HX (IEC)
3) Summer Extreme – IEC + DX
100F db / 70F wb
76.6F
Condenser Coil
Indirect Air-Side Economizer
• Uses an air-to-air heat exchanger to reject heat from the data
hall to a scavenger outdoor airstream
• Outdoor air IS NOT delivered DIRECTLY into the data hall
• Filtration may be eliminated from some units
• Room pressure is not impacted
• Room absolute humidity levels are not impacted
• CAN be used with great benefit during high ambient dew point
And wet bulb conditions
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART728 FEET
Weather Data Location:
CHARLOTTE_DOUGLAS_INTL_ARPT, NORTH_CAROLINA, USA
Weather Hours
11 to 1
22 to 12
33 to 23
44 to 34
55 to 45
66 to 56
77 to 67
88 to 78
99 to 89
Recommended
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F
.001
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
15%
25%
2%
4%
6%
8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
-50
05
510
1015
1520
20 25
25 30
30 35
3540
40 45
45 50
5055
5560
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80 WET BU
LB TEMPER
ATURE - °F
80
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
VO
LU
ME
- CU
.FT
. PE
R L
B. D
RY
AIR
14.5
HU
MID
ITY
RA
TIO
- P
OU
ND
S M
OIS
TU
RE
PE
R P
OU
ND
DR
Y A
IR
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART728 FEET
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
Too Humid
Too Dry
Too Hot
Just Right
41.9F dp
59F dp
80.6F db 64.4F db
Indirect Evaporative
Heat Exchanger Provides
80% of Total Cooling
Indirect Evaporative
Heat Exchanger Provides
100% of Total Cooling
Indirect Air-Side vs. Direct Air-Side Economizer
3 Primary Functions Required by the
Data-Center Air Management System
• Heat Rejection
• Particulate Removal (Filtration)
• Ventilate & Control Pressure & Humidity
Polymer Tube HX module
Flexible Polymer Tubes
●8 feet length
●75-80% approach to outdoor
scavenger air wb
●50-55% dry heat recovery
Benefits of IASE Cooling Systems
● Lowest life-cycle cost option for cooling data-centers in most climates
● Filters may be eliminated from 75% of the Cooling Units – resulting in reduced
maintenance and fan power
● Reduced risk from Outdoor Air Pollutants entering the data-center
● Dry heat exchange during cooler ambient conditions eliminates freeze concerns
● Recirculation air cooling does not impact space humidity.
● Reduced water consumption compared to data-centers cooled with conventional
water-side economizer systems
●Rapid Restart following Power Loss
●No relief fans or space pressure controls required
Predicted Annual Hrs Mech. Cooling Active 1437
% Annual Hrs IEC Rejects 100% of load 83.6%
Estimated system SEER 41.4
Percentage of cooling provided by Mechanical vs IEC
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
79.0
73.0
67.0
61.0
55.0
49.0
43.0
37.0
31.0
25.0
19.0
13.0 7.
01.
0
Ambient WB
Pe
rce
nta
ge
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Bin
Ho
urs
Mech. Cooling
IEC Cooling
Bin Hours
Performance of IASE operating in Newark, NJ
95F hot-aisle cooling to 75F Cold-aisle
Annual COP = 12.1 / PUEc = 1.08
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 28.701 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART1148 FEET
Weather Data Location:
ROANOKE_REGIONAL_AP, VIRGINIA, USA
Weather Hours
12 to 1
24 to 13
36 to 25
48 to 37
60 to 49
72 to 61
84 to 73
96 to 85
108 to 97
Class A1
Recommended
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F
.001
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
15%
25%
2%
4%
6%
8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
-50
05
510
1015
1520
20 25
25 30
30 35
35 40
40 45
45 50
50 55
5560
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80 WET BU
LB TEMPER
ATURE - °F
80
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
VO
LU
ME
- CU
.FT
. PE
R L
B. D
RY
AIR
HU
MID
ITY
RA
TIO
- P
OU
ND
S M
OIS
TU
RE
PE
R P
OU
ND
DR
Y A
IR
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 2/20/2012
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]
Barometric Pressure - 28.701 Inches HG
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART1148 FEET
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
IEC
DX
IEC Provides 80%
Of total cooling
When Ambient WB
Is < 75F
95F
75F
IASE Designs using
Indirect Evaporative Cooling
Meet Current and Future Load Requirements
Now – 150kW with 20F dt
95F db / 80F wb
Outdoor air
DB (°F) WB (°F) ACFM
1 (R/A) 95.0 68.6 25,874
2 97.2 69.3 25,975
3 84.0 65.3 25,362
4 (S/A) 75.0 62.3 24,941
5 (O/A) 95.0 80.0 28,916
6 85.0 82.4 28,610
7 (E/A) 94.9 84.6 29,135
*Includes estimated supply fan heat
Elevation = 1,175 ft (Roanoke, VA
19.25 tons DX
COP = 4.7
DB (°F) WB (°F) ACFM
1 (R/A) 115.0 74.2 25,874
2 117.2 74.8 25,975
3 88.7 66.8 24,692
4 (S/A) 80.0 64.0 24,298
5 (O/A) 95.0 80.0 27,910
6 87.8 85.2 27,865
7 (E/A) 97.5 87.1 28,355
Future – 253kW with 35F dt
18 tons DX
COP = 7.9