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ATM Cross-connect (AXU) Unit
Description
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UltraSite and MetroSite WCDMA BTSSolutions, Rel2
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only theproduct defined in the introduction of this documentation. This document is intended for the useof Nokia's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document issubmitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without theprior written permission of Nokia. The document has been prepared to be used by professionaland properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it.Nokia welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development andimprovement of the documentation.
The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding butshall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia and the customer. However, Nokia hasmade all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document areadequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia will, if necessary, explain issueswhich may not be covered by the document.
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Contents
Contents 3
1 ATM cross-connect unit (AXU) unit operation and main blocks 51.1 Operation 61.2 Main blocks 7
2 AXU unit power requirements 11
3 AXU unit dimensions and weight 13
4 AXU unit interfaces 15
5 AXC LED indications 17
6 AXU traffic capacity 19
7 AXC units mean time between failures 21
8 AXC delays 23
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Contents
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1 ATM cross-connect unit (AXU) unit
operation and main blocks
The ATM cross-connect unit (AXU) is the master unit of the AXC node and it
controls the node within the Nokia WCDMA BTS. It cross-connects ATM traffic
within the BTS, and connects the BTS to other BTSs or to the Nokia Radio
Network Controller (RNC). The AXU unit is always installed in the first slot of the AXC.
There are two AXU units available: AXUA and AXUB. AXUB provides the
centralised BTS AAL2 multiplexing feature. It is enabled by the ATM Adaptation
Module (AAM) of the AXUB unit.
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ATM cross-connect unit (AXU) unit operation and main blocks
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Figure 1. AXU unit
1.1 Operation
The following features are available with the AXU units:
. semi-permanent ATM cross-connections on Virtual Path (VP) and Virtual
Channel (VC) level providing connections between Wideband Application
Manager (WAM) units and thus interconnecting different sectors inside the
BTS, and providing a connection from the BTS to the RNC through the I ub
interface and further connections between other base stations and the RNC.
. reference clock recovered either from a physical interface, or received from
an external timing source, or from an internal reference source and
provided for all the transmission interface units, and for BTS
synchronisation and BTS clock unit (WSC).
LED
LMP
Q1
ERC2
Lever
Lever
ERC1
Microcontroller
module
Power
module
AAM-Module (AXUB)
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. management functionality of the AXC node for passing network
management system information to the base station and vice versa. The
Local Management Port (LMP) is available on the AXU front panel for
local management of AXC and BTS or remote management of other
network elements.
. up to 1.2 Gbit/s ATM switching capacity
. 1000 simultaneous connections supported
. BTS AAL2 multiplexing of the AXUB unit for multiplexing AAL2
connections between WAMs and RNC into one or several VCCs
1.2 Main blocks
The AXU unit includes the following functional blocks:
. Control Unit
. Clock Distribution Circuit
. ATM Switch Fabric
. AAM (in AXUB)
. Backplane Bus Adaptation
.
DC/DC Converter
The Functional blocks of the AXU unit figure shows the block diagram of the
AXU unit.
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Figure 2. Functional blocks of the AXU unit
Control Unit
The Control Unit consists of the Microcontroller and other necessary circuitry. It
is compiled on a module that is the same in each AXC unit. The module type is sogeneric that it meets all the requirements of each AXC unit.
The Microcontroller runs all unit control software on the AXC.
The Control Unit also features an IP router. Thus it provides a routing path for
remote BTS management and enables the local management of the BTS via the
LMP of the AXC. Management of other BTSs via the IP router is also possible.
In addition the Control Unit features a Q1 management support function which
can be used to manage Q1 network elements remotely. The Q1 network elements
can be connected to the Q1 management support function by means of a cable
connected to the Q1 interface at the front panel of the AXU or by means of operation channels (EOC) embedded in some transmission signals. The Q1
management support function can be connected via the backplane to AXC
embedded Q1 network elements (IFUE).
Clock Distribution Circuit
The Clock Distribution Circuit provides a reference clock for all IFUs and the
WSC.
LED
LMP
Q1
ERC1/2
To/from
IFUX
To/from
WAM
DC input
ATM
Switch
Fabric
Control
Unit
Clock
Distr.
Circuit
B a c
k p
l a n e
B u s
A d
a p
t .
DC/DC
Converter
Inter-unit communication and
Q1 bus
Clock distribution
Q1
support
function AAM
(AXUB)
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The reference clock can either be recovered from a physical interface or received
from an external timing source, or from an internal reference source. The internal
clock is used if no external reference is available. In this case the AXC does not
provide a reference clock for the BTS, but the BTS's WSC provides the clock for
the BTS. The AXU features two dedicated interfaces for external timing source
input.
ATM Switch Fabric
The ATM Switch Fabric performs all ATM layer functionalities of the AXC:
. Virtual Path and Virtual Channel cross-connection functionality for ATM
cells between a certain number of IFUs and WAMs
. header translation functionality for ATM connections
. traffic management functions like policing or traffic shaping
. O&M functionality (operations, administration and maintenance)
The total switching capacity of the block is 1.2 Gbit/s.
AAM (in AXUB)
The AXUB unit with the working AAL type 2 module (AAM) multiplexes or
demultiplexes AAL type 2 connections between the WAMs and RNC into one or
several VCCs.
Backplane Bus Adaptation
The Backplane Bus Adaptation provides serial payload backplane connections
between the IFUs and the AXU by means of a bus, as well as the AXU and the
WAMs.
DC/DC Converter
The DC/DC Converter transforms the input voltage of 48 V fed through the
backplane to the voltages required at unit level.
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2 AXU unit power requirements
The tables below lists the DC power supply value and typical and maximum
power consumption for AXUA and AXUB units.
Table 1. AXUA power supply and consumption
Property Property Value
DC power supply -37.5 to -60 V DC
Power consumption (typical) 35 W
Power consumption (max.) 40 W
Table 2. AXUB power supply and consumption
Property Property Value
DC power supply -37.5 to -60 V DC
Power consumption (typical) 38 W
Power consumption (max.) 43 W
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3 AXU unit dimensions and weight
The tables below define the dimensions and weight of AXUA and AXUB units
Table 3. AXUA dimensions
Property Value
Height 264 mm
Width 25 mm
Depth 285 mm (incl. front panel)
Weight 800 g
Table 4. AXUB dimensions
Property Value
Height 264 mm
Width 25 mm
Depth 285 mm (incl. front panel)
Weight 900 g
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4 AXU unit interfaces
AXUA and AXUB interfaces
Interface Connector
Local Management Port (LMP) 10baseT crossed Ethernet interface, RJ-45 connector
Ethernet standards IEEE 802.3 and ANSI
8802.3, RFC 1483 (routed)
Q1 management port V.11 interface, D-sub 9 connector
External reference clock interface 1 (ERC
1)
TQ connector (symmetrical), 110 ©
64 kHz + 8 kHz (AMI with 8 kHz bipolar
violation)
External reference clock interface 2 (ERC
2)
Coaxial BT-43 connector, 75 ©
1.544 MHz, 2.048 MHz, 2 Mbit/s
Figure 3. ERC1 symmetrical interface
Local management port pinout (RJ-45 connector)
Pin Signal Explanation
1 TD+ Transmitted data +
2
341 Clock input -
2 Clock input +
3 nc
4 nc
1
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Pin Signal Explanation
2 TD- Transmitted data -
3 RD+ Received data +
4 nc Not used by 10baseT
5 nc Not used by 10baseT
6 nc Not used by 10baseT
7 nc Not used by 10baseT
8 RD- Received data -
9 nc Not used by 10baseT
Nokia Q1 management interface pinout
Pin Signal Explanation
1 Q1_OUT_N Transmitted data -
2 nc Not connected
3 GND Ground
4 GND Ground
5 Q1_IN_N Received data -
6 Q1_OUT_P Transmitted data +
7 nc Not connected
8 nc Not connected
9 Q1_IN_P Received data +
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5 AXC LED indications
The LEDs of the Nokia AXC-ATM cross-connect unit (AXU) and Interface Units
IFUA/IFUD, IFUB, IFUC and IFUE are presented in the following.
Front panel LEDs
Each of the Nokia AXC units has a 3-colour status LED located on the front panel. These indicators display the current state of the equipment. The LEDs
indicate the following:
Table 5. LED indications (O/A/F1)
Colour Explanation
Stable red Major or critical alarm
or
Unit disabled
Blinking red Minor alarm
Stable yellow Unit starting up
Stable green Normal operation, power on
Blinking green Software download from LMT or network
during operation
IFUE LEDs
The Interface Unit IFUE has two 3-colour status LEDs on the front panel
indicating the operational status of the unit: O/A/F1 and O/A/F2 (O/A/F signifies
Operation/Alarm/Fail). The O/A/F1 LED indicates the operational status of the
ATM part and the O/A/F2 LED indicates the operational status of the Flexbus
part of the IFUE. In addition, each of the three Flexbus interfaces has a status
LED of its own (DC on).
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. O/A/F1 (ATM part)
. O/A/F2 (Flexbus part)
.
DC on (Flexbus 1). DC on (Flexbus 2)
. DC on (Flexbus 3)
The following table shows the indications of the O/A/F2 multi-colour LED for
the Flexbus part.
Table 6. IFUE O/A/F2 LED indications
Colour Status
Green The unit functions well, no alarms.
Yellow Alarms with low priority occur, e.g. the
node clock is not set
Red Some errors occur, e.g. LOS of FB1 or
2M interface 3: Buffer overflow
The following table shows shows the indications of the DC on Flexbus LEDs.
Table 7. IFUE Status of DC on LED indications
Indication Status
Off Normal status, no remote power feeding.
Blinking Try to find an Outdoor Unit (OU), remote
power feeding is temporarily on.
On OU found and remote power feeding is
on.
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6 AXU traffic capacity
Table 8. Capacity of AXUA
Property Value
Switching capacity 1.2 Gbit/s
Simultaneous connections 1000 (with any mix of VPs and VCs)
Supported ATM service categories Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
ATM Forum af-0056.000
Supported cross-connections semi-permanent Virtual Path Connections
(VPC)
semi-permanent Virtual Channel
Connections (VCC)
Table 9. Capacity of AXUB
Property Value
Switching capacity 1.2 Gbit/s
Simultaneous connections 1000 (with any mix of VPs and VCs)
Supported ATM service categories Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
ATM Forum af-0056.000
Supported cross-connections semi-permanent Virtual Path Connections
(VPC)
semi-permanent Virtual Channel
Connections (VCC)
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Table 9. Capacity of AXUB (cont.)
Property Value
Supported AAL2 connections 1736
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7 AXC units mean time between failures
Table 10. Mean time between failures (years)
Unit MTBF
AXU 23 years
IFUA (symmetrical E1/JT1/T1) 28 years
IFUB (JT2) 28 years
IFUC (SDH/Sonet) 24 years
IFUD (E1 coaxial) 28 years
IFUE (Flexbus) 18 years
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8 AXC delays
Table 11. Estimated intrinsic delays
Interface type Estimated intrinsic delay/interface
STM-1 16 µs
STM-0 24 µs
E1 260 µs
JT1 316 µs
JT2 69 µs
IMA (n x E1) 800 µs
IMA (n x JT1) 1000 µs
Flexbus 30 µs
CBR Cross-connection 350 µs
UBR Cross-connection 0 µs
Table 12. Estimated generated Cell Delay Variation (CDV)
Interface CDV for CBR CDV for UBR
STM-1 12 µs 12 µs
STM-0 12 µs 12 µs
E1 660 µs 220 µs
JT-1 828 µs 276µs
IMA (2xE1) 120 µs 120 µs
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