avs journal #1.4

8/7/2019 AVS Journal #1.4

1/26


2/26

FST Oeqzhfl Sel( 6, $0 % Tqggaz +26

[aldega pe eqz ceqzpn mhtpfllgahp ec pna FST Oeqzhfl( Pe fll ec eqz tqjtdzmjazt, dehpzmjq'

pezt fh` f`sazpmtazt ' pnfhi }eq& ]eqz tqrrezp ahfjlat pnmt gfkfmha pe zagfmh f zaflmp}( Fh` pe}eq cmztp'pmgazt ' {a nera }eq cmh` eqz oeqzhfl pe ja qtacql fh` mhcezgfpmsa(

Fh}eha mhselsa` mh pna zapfml ah` ec FST dazpfmhl} ihe{t pna haa` cez f *dqzzahp* lmknp fh`teqh` mhtpzqgahp jq}az+t kqmà( Mh eqz cmztp fzpmdla, Oacc Lfjhe rzatahpt pna cmztp ec nmt pnzaa rfzptazmat eh rqzdnftmhk lmknp fh` teqh` mhtpzqgahpt pnfp {mll rzesa mhsflqfjla pe fh}eha, jakmhhazez f`sfhda`, taaimhk FST avqmrgahp( Oacc qpmlmat nmt :4 }afzt ec FST a~razmahda pe àtdzmjape }eq a~fdpl} {nfp }eq haa` pe ihe{, fh` {nfp pe fti, jaceza rqzdnftmhk }eqz raztehfl lmknpfh` teqh` qhmp(

Mh pna ha~p fzpmdla, Zqpn Elgtpaf` rzatahpt f dfta tpq`} qpmlmmhk FST mh pna pzafpgahp ec

dnzehmd Sedfl Pmd @mtezàz( Pnmt mt fhepnaz a~dallahp tpq`} dehpzmjqpa` j} Zqpn, fh` mt f razcadpa~fgrla ec ne{ FST dfh jahacmp pneta taaimhk heh'`zqk flpazhfpmsat( Mhdmàhpfll}, Zqpn nft fjzfh` ha{ FST qhmp dflla` pna T}hfrpmd Tpmgqlqt Pzfmhaz( Zqpn nft trahp f kzafp àfl ec pmgazatafzdnmhk pna accadpmsahatt ec pna ceqzpaah tattmeht tna dzafpa` cez naz *TTP*, fh` {a jalmasanaz t}tpag mt eha ec pna getp re{azcql cez retmpmsa janfsmezfl dnfhka( Pe lafzh geza fjeqp pnaTTP, rlafta smtmp Zqpn+t {aj tmpa? {{{(ahlmknpaha`jzfmh(deg(

Tasazfl }afzt jfdi, {nah M jadfga f lmknp fh` teqh` àflaz cez MhhazVqatp, Mhd(, pnaza {fth+pf {nela lep ec mhcezgfpmeh ez zatafzdn fsfmlfjla eh lmknp fh` teqh`( Fh` ec pna mhcezgfpmeh pnfp{ft eqp pnaza, pna fdpqfl zatafzdn pnfp kfsa pnmt padnhelek} dzaàhda, fll taaga` pe dega czeghep gqdn geza pnfh f nfh`cql ec rzecattmehflt( @z( Peg Jq`}htim mt àcmhmpal} eha ec pneta

mh`msm`qflt, fh` pna FST Oeqzhfl mt neheza` pe nfsa @z( Jq`}htim ft eqz a'mhpazsma{ kqatp(Naza mt }eqz dnfhda pe lafzh f lmppla jmp fjeqp pna gfh {ne nalra` dzafpa pnmt mh`qtpz}, fh` penafz nmt ermhmeh dehdazhmhk pna tpfpa ec FST(

Asaz}eha fttedmfpa` {mpn pna Gmh`'l lmtp ihe{t pna {mp fh` ihe{la`ka ec Tdepp Gmllaz( [afza cezpqhfpa pe rzatahp fh fzpmdla j} Tdepp mhpze`qdmhk qt pe f qhmvqa fh` saz} mhpazatpmhk à'smda? pna Tnfipm Nalgap( Pnzeqkn Tdepp+t pflahp ec pzfhtcezgmhk pneqknpt pe {ez`t, }eq {mlllafzh {nfp pna Tnfipm Nalgap mt fh` pna repahpmfl mp nel`t cez pneta {ne rettatt pnata mhkahmeqtnalgapt( [a jap }eq cmh` pnag ft mhpzmkqmhk ft {a nfsa, fh` mhsmpa }eq pe dehpfdp Tdepp cez f`'`mpmehfl Tnfipm mhcezgfpmeh(

Fza }eq mhselsa` mh a`qdfpmeh5 Fza }eq mhpazatpa` mh dzafpmhk fh FST rzekzfg fp }eqztdneel5 Ja tqza pe zaf` @z( L( Oazz} Dqhhmhknfg+t HCJ % FST mh pna Dfl`{all Tdneel @mtpzmdpfzpmdla( Pna mhcezgfpmeh @z( Dqhhmhknfg tnfzat {mll àcmhmpal} rzarfza }eq cez fll pna lmpplapnmhkt tpqàhpt dfh è pe dzafpa nfsed {mpn tqdn f rzekzfg, fh` {nfp Oazz} fh` nmt tpfcc `m` peesazdega pneta dehtpfhp gfhmrqlfpmeht( Pnmt mt f gqtp zaf` cez fh}eha zagepal} pnmhimhk ec ja'kmhhmhk f rzekzfg {mpn }eqhk tpqàhpt&

Ec deqzta he FST Oeqzhfl {eql` ja degrlapa {mpneqp f dehpzmjqpmeh czeg


3/26


4/26

FST Jq}az+t Kqmà? Rfzp 6

j} Oacc Lfjhe

Mhpze`qdpmeh

Pna saz} cmztp FST Jq}az+t Kqmà {ft {zmppah j} Gmdnfal Nqpdnmteh fh` {ft rqjlmtna` mheha ec nmt Gakfjzfmh Zarezpt mh 6==2( Pnmt {ft f pmga {nah FST jadfga fh mhpazhfpmehfl ga'`mf `fzlmhk( Pnmt rqjlmdmp} pzmkkaza` f *kel` zqtn* ec ha{ degrfhmat gfimhk ha{ FST àsmdat(

Rzejlagt, ne{asaz, vqmdil} agazka` {mpn Gmdnfal+t kqmà, asah jaceza na cmhmtna` {zmpmhkmp( Gfhqcfdpqzazt {aza dehpmhqfll} dnfhkmhk cafpqzat, pz}mhk pe gfia pnamz gfdnmhat jappaz pnfhpnamz degrapmpezt( Pnah, pnaza {aza degrfhmat {ne tq`àhl} {ahp qhàz, {nmla ha{ ehat fr'rafza` eqp ec he{naza( Gmdnfal hasaz `m` cmkqza eqp ne{ pe fddegge`fpa pnata `}hfgmdt ec

tq`àh dnfhka mh nmt {zmpmhkt(

Pna ha~p jq}az+t kqmà pe dega flehk {ft dflla` pna Gmh` Gfdnmha Jq}az+t Kqmà, rqj'lmtna` mh 6==4( Mp rzesmà` mh àrpn fh` degrzanahtmsa desazfka ec pna getp rerqlfz gfdnmhatfsfmlfjla( Mp mt mhpazatpmhk pe hepa pnfp pna rqjlmtnaz mt tpmll tallmhk pnmt rqjlmdfpmeh smf f`t mhoeqzhflt, }ap, mp nft hep jaah qr`fpa` tmhda 6==4(

Kee` gfhqcfdpqzazt gfia ehkemhk dnfhkat mh pnamz rze`qdp.t- jadfqta pna} lmtpah fh` za'treh` pe pnamz dqtpegaz+t haa`t( Mc }eq {fhpa` pe dehpzftp fh` degrfza fll pna cafpqzat ec pna`mccazahp gfdnmhat, }eq {eql` haa` pe zasmta }eqz lmtp asaz} tm~ gehpnt(

Degrfzmhk fll pna `mccazahp cafpqzat mt fdpqfll} hep saz} qtacql fh}{f}mh nalrmhk pna rqjlmd àdmà {nmdn gfdnmha pe jq}( Degrfzmhk cafpqzatdehcqtat getp raerla( Pnmt kqmà cedqtat zfpnaz eh pna mttqat {nmdn fzamgrezpfhp pe pna dehtqgmhk rqjlmd(

FST Jq}az+t Kqmà

FST gfdnmhat cmztp frrafza` mh 6=1> mh pna zatafzdn deggqhmp} fh` {aza qta` pe mh`qdan}rhepmd, ez tqkkatpmjla tpfpat ec gmh`( Pna} {aza dflla` jzfmh{fsa t}hdnzehmazt( Deggazdmflqhmpt jakfh pe frrafz mh 6=>0, fh` pna degrapmpmsa mh`qtpzmfl trmzmp agazka` fzeqh` 6=>;(

Geza pnfh 622 `mccazahp geàlt nfsa jaah gfhqcfdpqza` tmhda pnfp pmga mh pna Qhmpa` Tpfpat,Dfhf`f, Aqzera, Ofrfh fh` Pfm{fh( [mpn te gfh} geàlt pe dneeta czeg, ne{ dfh eha àdmàcez pnagtalsat {nmdn gfdnmha mt jatp pe jq}5 ]eq rzejfjl} dfh hep( Afdn gfhqcfdpqzaz jmlltpnamz gfdnmha ft pna jatp( Afdn eha teqh`t jappaz pnfh pna ha~p, fp laftp eh rfraz( [a nera pnfppnmt kqmà {mll gfia taladpmhk f gfdnmha aft} fh` tmgrla cez }eq(


5/26

Jq}mhk f gfdnmha

Fll gfdnmhat dega avqmrra` {mpn asaz}pnmhk }eq {mll haa` pe kap tpfzpa`( Lmtpa` jale{ fzapna gfmh remhpt raerla dehtmàz {nah rqzdnftmhk f gfdnmha( Mhdlqà` {mpn pnata gfmh remhptfza sflqfjla kqmàlmhat pe fttmtp }eq mh jq}mhk pna jatp gfdnmha cez }eqz haa`t(

]eqz jatp teqzda pe kqmà }eq mh jq}mhk pna dezzadp gfdnmha mt fh FST àflaz {ne zarza'tahpt tasazfl `mccazahp gfhqcfdpqzazt( Pna} kahazfll} ihe{ ne{ pe dehpzftp fh` degrfza pnagfh} cafpqzat }eq {mll zaf` fjeqp mh pna lmpazfpqza(

Gfhqcfdpqzazt ecpah dnfhka pna dfrfjmlmp} ec pnamz rze`qdpt czavqahpl}( F``mpmehfll}, gf'dnmhat dega fh` ke( F zarqpfjla àflaz {ne ihe{t pna `mccazahp gfhqcfdpqzazt dfh ja }eqzjatp kqmà pe f`smta }eq eh {nfp mt dqzzahp, fh` pna jatp gfdnmha cez }eq pe jq}(

Gfdnmhat dega {mpn rzekzfgt àtmkha` pe nalr }eq {mpn tlaar, smtqflmmhk, gagez}, cedqt,ga`mpfpmeh, `zafgt, rafi razcezgfhda fh` ahazkmmhk( Pna p}ra ec rzekzfg raerla getp cza'

vqahpl} gahpmeh ft pna getp ahoe}fjla mt eha pnfp qtat pna Tdnqgfhh Zatehfhda .;(>4 Nazp-cez naflmhk(

Gfdnmhat dehpfmh fh}{naza czeg fjeqp p{ahp} mhpazhfl rzekzfgt pe esaz eha nqh`za`(Gfhqcfdpqzazt ftdzmja f hfga pe afdn rzekzfg pe jatp àtdzmja pnamz zatqlpt( Fp pna tfga pmga,tlaar rzekzfgt fza tlaar rzekzfgt( Pna} fll pfia }eq mhpe pna àlpf jzfmh{fsa eha àtrmpapnamz hfga( @e hep àdmà eh {nmdn gfdnmha pe jq} jadfqta ec pna hfgat ec rzekzfgt à'tdzmja` mh pnamz lmpazfpqza( Fll gfdnmhat nfsa rzekzfgt cez fll ceqz jzfmh{fsa ehat( Pnataceqz jzfmh{fsa ehat ahdegrftt fll pna tpfpat ec gmh` {nmdn fddegrlmtn fh}eha+t haa`t(

Getp raerla ehl} qta fjeqp amknp ez te rzekzfgt pnfp fza fsfmlfjla( Pnmt gafht pnfp }eq dfh

qta fh} gfdnmha cez jftmd haa`t( [nah jq}mhk f gfdnmha, lept ec rzekzfgt .)42- mt jappaz ehl}mc }eq lmia lept ec sfzmap}, ez lesa cm``lmhk {mpn padnhelek}(

Gfh} gfdnmhat eccaz f degrqpaz lmhi te pnfp }eq dfh dzafpa }eqz e{h rzekzfgt, ezè{hlef` f``mpmehfl rzekzfgt czeg pna gfhqcfdpqzaz+t {aj tmpa( Latt pnfh 1! ec rqzdnftaztasaz dzafpa pnamz e{h rzekzfgt( Pnmt gafht pnfp }eq {mll rzejfjl} ehl} qpmlma pnmt cqhdpmeh mc}eq fza f kzafp fccmdmehfè ec pnmt padnhelek}( Pna jmkkatp haa` cez èmhk }eqz e{h rzekzfgtqta` pe ja pe dnfhka pna lahkpn ec pmga ec f rzekzfg pe tnezpaz ez lehkaz( Pe`f}+t gfdnmhatnfsa aheqkn `mccazahp lahkpn rzekzfgt mh pna tfga dfpakez}, ez }eq dfh a~rfh` ez tnzmhi pnapmga tappmhk(

Lmknp klfttat dega {mpn fll gfdnmhat( Gqdn pee czavqahpl} lmknp klfttat {nmdn fddegrfh} fgfdnmha fza gfà qtmhk mha~rahtmsa lmknpt( Pna zatqlp mt {nah }eq qta pnata klfttat, }eq taa f*clmdiazmhk accadp*( Vqflmp} klfttat qtmhk qlpzf jzmknp lmknpt rze`qda zmdn fh` jafqpmcql deleztfh` rfppazht( ]eq dfh fl{f}t qrkzfà }eqz lmknp klfttat, fh` he{ f {mà sfzmap} ec deleztfza flte fsfmlfjla mh qlpzf jzmknp(

]eq gf} ja lmknp tahtmpmsa fh` pnazaceza pna lmknp mhpahtmp} mt hep fh mttqa( Fll gfdnmhatne{asaz nfsa f lmknp mhpahtmp} dehpzel te pnfp }eq dfh


6/26

pqzh è{h ez mhdzafta pna lmknp mhpahtmp}( Getp raerla rzacaz qlpzf jzmknp lmknp( Esaz >1! ec dqt'pegazt rqzdnfta qlpzf jzmknp {nah kmsah f dnemda(

Fll gfdnmhat dega {mpn tpazae naf`rnehat( Pna naf`rnehat }eq kap fza oqtp fsazfka( Mc }eq{fhp vqflmp} naf`rnehat, }eq {mll nfsa pe rqzdnfta pnag tarfzfpal}( Eha kee` cafpqza pe leei

cez mh kee` naf`rnehat mt? pna} desaz pna afz te pnfp pna} jledi eqp a~pazmez teqh`t( Pna ha~pmgrezpfhp cafpqza ec vqflmp} naf`rnehat mt pnfp pna} a~pah` pna czavqahd} zfhka ec {nfp mtrettmjla pe nafz mhpe le{az zfhkat fh` nmknaz zfhkat jepn( F kee` czavqahd} zfhka pe leei cez mt63 pe ::,222 Nazp(

Qtmhk vqflmp} naf`rnehat gafht pnfp }eq {mll ahoe} pna a~pazhfl gqtmd }eq mhpze`qda mhpe}eqz a~razmahda pe f gqdn nmknaz àkzaa( Vqflmp} naf`rnehat jzmhk kzafpaz zmdnhatt ec teqh`{nmdn kahazfpat f kzafpaz rfttmeh ec a~razmahda mhpe asaz} tattmeh( Vqflmp} naf`rnehat tpfzpczeg fjeqp 612 pe {all esaz 62,222( Tahhnamtaz mt f kzafp dnemda `qa pe degcezp fhèsazfll detp(

Pna teqh`t {nmdn fddegrfh} pna mhpazhfl rzekzfgt fza kahazfll} hep saz} mhpazatpmhk( Pnatateqh`t fza tpzeja rmpdnat, dnez`t, rmhi teqh`, jmhfqzfl jafpt fh` `qfl jmhfqzfl jafpt( Getp rae'rla rzacaz pe mhpze`qda pnamz e{h cfsezmpa teqh`t qtmhk f dfttappa ez D@ rlf}az fh` gm~mhk pnateqh`t czeg pna rzatap rzekzfgt tqdn pnfp pna} fza mh pna jfdikzeqh`( ]eq dfh rlqk fllgfdnmhat mhpe }eqz D@ ez dfttappa rlf}az qtmhk pna tpazae rfpdn dez` {nmdn degat {mpn }eqzgfdnmha(

Qtmhk pna D@t ez dfttappat }eq flzaf`} ihe{ }eq lmia fh` ahoe} mt pna rlfda pe tpfzp( ]eqdfh aftml} mhpze`qda }eqz cfsezmpa gqtmd cez ahazk}, atdfra ez ga`mpfpmeh( Pz} qtmhk lfhkqfkapfrat cez lafzhmhk( Janfsmezfl ge`mcmdfpmeh pfrat fza flte kzafp( Ft lehk ft }eq lmia pna dehpahpec fh} D@ ez pfra, }eqz tattmeh {mll ja f {mhhaz(

Pna getp pflia` fjeqp fh` qpmlma` teqh`t fza jmhfqzfl fh` `qfl jmhfqzfl jafpt( Jafp cza'vqahdmat fza kzafp jadfqta }eq dfh qta }eqz gfdnmha ft f jafp czavqahd} kahazfpez( Pnmt dfrf'jmlmp} gafht pnfp }eq dfh qta }eqz gfdnmha cez *teqh` pnazfr}*( Mh pna rftp, jmhfqzfl jafp kah'azfpezt detp fjeqp 122 {nmdn a~dlqtmsal} kahazfpa` jmhfqzfl jafpt fh` `qfl jmhfqzfl jafpt(Jq}mhk f gfdnmha {mpn pnmt cafpqza gafht pnfp he{ }eq fza kappmhk p{e gfdnmhat mh eha(

Pna jatp {f} pe dzafpa }eqz e{h raztehfl rzekzfgt mt pe rlqk }eqz gfdnmha mhpe fh a~pazhflD@ ez dfttappa rlf}az fh` gm~ }eqz FST tattmeht {mpn }eqz cfsezmpa D@t fh` fq`me dfttappat(

Tega gfdnmhat eccaz p{e'qtaz dfrfjmlmp}( Pnmt mt f kzafp cafpqza jadfqta mp mt hmda pe tnfzapna a~razmahda {mpn cfgml}, czmah`t fh` epnazt( [nah pna} eccaz p{e'qtaz dfrfjmlmp} mh pnfp pnazafza p{e rlqkt cez lmknp klfttat fh` p{e rlqkt cez naf`rnehat, }eq fza kqfzfhpaa` pna jatpa~razmahda( Pnmt gafht pnfp pnaza mt he re{az àkzf`fpmeh j} rlqkkmhk mh p{e qtazt(

]eq dfh qta trlmppaz ez *]* dez`t mh tega gfdnmhat {nmdn nfsa oqtp eha rlqk cez lmknpklfttat fh` naf`rnehat( ]eq {mll haa` p{e trlmppaz dez`t? eha cez lmknp klfttat, pna epnaz ceznaf`rnehat( Pnaza mt f àkzf`fpmeh ec re{az {nah pnmt nfrraht tqdn pnfp pna lmknp klfttat èhep mllqgmhfpa ft jzmknpl}


7/26

ft rettmjla .fjeqp >1!-( Tega gfdnmhat .qhàz 0(1 selpt- è hep dfzz} aheqkn re{az pe mllqgm'hfpa p{e lmknp klfttat fp pna tfga pmga( Fti }eqz àflaz cez àpfmlt( Tega gf} hep ihe{, tetner fzeqh`(

Pna qtaz+t gfhqfl cez }eqz gfdnmha mt rzejfjl} hep aheqkn cez }eq pe kap pna getp eqp ec qt'

mhk mp( Pnaza fza p{e rqjlmdfpmeht {nmdn fza a~dallahp pe nalr jakmhhazt qhàztpfh` fh` qpmlma}eqz gfdnmha( *Gmh` Tpfpat % Fh Mhpze`qdpmeh pe Lmknp # Teqh` Padnhelek}* .MTJH$ 2'=33:1=3'2':- j} Gmdnfal Lfh`kzfc nalrt }eq pe kap tpfzpa` mh qtmhk }eqz gfdnmha, tqkkatpmhkne{ pe qta pna `mccazahp jzfmh{fsa tpfpat pe fdnmasa {nfp }eq {fhp( Gmdnfal flte a~rlfmht ne{rzecattmehflt fza qtmhk pnmt padnhelek}, fh` na flte `mzadpt }eq pe {zmpa f `mfz} ec }eqz a~razm'ahdat( *Fh Mhtmàz+t Kqmà pe Lmknp # Teqh`* j} Oacc Lfjhe mt f tqddmhdp tqggfz} ec qtmhk}eqz gfdnmha mh pna jatp rettmjla {f}( Oacc a~rlfmht ne{ pe gf~mgma }eqz a~razmahdat, jftaèh nmt :4 }afzt mh pnmt mh`qtpz}(

Pnmt dehdlqàt Rfzp 6 ec pna FST Oeqzhfl Jq}az+t Kqmà( Fh} mhrqp }eq eccaz qt eh ne{ pemgrzesa pnmt kqmà mt àcmhmpal} frrzadmfpa`( [a {mll celle{ qr eh }eqz mhrqp mh pna qrdegmhk

mttqat( P{e f``mpmehfl rfzpt ec pna Jq}az+t Kqmà tnfll frrafz mh pna ha~p p{e mttqat ec pna FSTOeqzhfl(

Rfzp : tnfll desaz f`sfhda` cafpqzat ec FST gfdnmhat( Tega ec pna permdt tnfll ja f deg'rfzmteh dnfzp ec `mccazahp gfdnmha cafpqzat, Fq`metpzeja, `qfl gehfqzfl jafpt, trfzila cafpqza,jm'delez klfttat, `mccazahp deleza` lmknp klfttat, dzfhmfl aladpze tpmgqlfpmeh, jmecaa`jfdi,smjze'pfdpmla ahsmzehgahpt, Haqzerneha frrlmdfpmeht, degrla~ gepmeh t}tpagt fh` f`sfhda`rzekzfggmhk(

Rfzp 4 tnfll desaz ga`mdfl qta, ga`mdfl zatafzdn fjtpzfdpt, janfsmezfl fzpt qta, janfsmezflfzpt fjtpzfdpt, mgrlagahpfpmeh mh deggazdmfl ahsmzehgahpt, `mtdqttmeh ec rzecattmehfl rqjlmdf'

pmeht, fh` f lmtp ec rlfdat pe a~razmahda FST padnhelek}(

Rlafta lap qt ihe{ ec fh} permdt }eq {eql` lmia qt pe mhdlqà mh eqz qrdegmhk mttqat( [afza flte {ezimhk eh f lmtp ec rlfdat pe zacaz raerla pe qta FST gfdnmhat( Mc }eq e{h f gmh` trfez nfsa fh eccmda {naza raerla dfh ke pe a~razmahda fh FST tattmeh, rlafta lap qt ihe{ fh` {a{mll f`` }eq pe pna lmtp(

]eq dfh dehpfdp Oacc Lfjhe fp? Peelt Cez [allhatt ' >22%013'=>>;~6:1 ez oaccBpeeltcez{allhatt(deg Der}zmknp? Oacc Lfjhe, Dnfpt{ezpn, DF(% Fqkqtp :226

Pzafpgahp ec Dnzehmd Sedfl Pmd @mtezàz?

F Dfta Tpq`} Qtmhk Fq`mpez} fh` Smtqfl Tpmgqlfpmeh

j} Zqpn Elgtpaf`, G(F(, Rt}dnelekmdfl Zatmàhp

@z( Gmpdn Traze, Tqrazsmtez

Lmdahta` Rt}dnelekmtp % CL $R]22202=>


8/26

Pnmt dfta tpq`} a~fgmha` pna accadpt ec fq`mpez} fh` smtqfl tpmgqlfpmeh .FST- pzafpgahp mh'pazsahpmeh cez Dnzehmd Sedfl @mtezàz, ft gaftqza` j} Rfzahp Zarezpt( Pna rfpmahp {ft f ='}afz'el` je} {ne {ft `mfkheta` {mpn 42;(:: Dnzehmd Sedfl Pmd @mtezàz( Fddez`mhk pe pna@mfkhetpmd fh` Tpfpmtpmdfl Gfhqfl ec Gahpfl @mtezàzt Ceqzpn A`mpmeh .@TG'MS- dnfzfdpazmtpmdtec Dnzehmd Sedfl Pmd @mtezàz mhdlqà?

/ Tmhkla ez gqlpmrla sedfl pmdt .m(a(, tq`àh, zfrm`, zadqzzahp,hehzn}pngmd, tpazaep}ra` sedflmfpmeht-, {nmdn nfsa jaah rzatahp fp tegapmga `qzmhk pna mllhatt(

/ Pna pmdt {nmdn eddqz gfh} pmgat `qzmhk pna `f} hafzl} asaz} `f} ezmhpazgmppahpl} pnzeqkneqp f razme` ec geza pnfh eha }afz, fh` `qzmhk pnmtpmga pnaza {ft hasaz f pmd'czaa razme` ec geza pnfh pnzaa dehtadqpmsagehpnt(

/ Pna `mtpqzjfhda dfqtat gfzia` `mtpzatt ez tmkhmcmdfhp mgrfmzgahp mhtedmfl, eddqrfpmehfl ez epnaz mgrezpfhp fzaft ec cqhdpmehmhk(

/ Ehtap mt rzmez pe fka amknp(

/ Pna `mtezàz mt hep `qa pe `mzadp rn}tmelekmdfl accadpt ec f tqjtpfhda ezkahazfl ga`mdfl deh`mpmeh(

/ Dzmpazmf mt hep gap cez Peqzappa+t @mtezàz( Pna rfpmahp {ftzacazza` j} nmt rfzahpt, f rn}tmdmfh fh` negagfiaz, cez nmt qhdehpzella`* sedflmfpmeht(*

Nmt sedfl pmdt dehtmtpa` ec teqh`t tqdn ft dlmdit, kzqhpt, }alrt, thezpt, fh` deqknt( Nmt rfz'ahpt zarezpa` pnfp tmhda pnamz teh {ft fjeqp ceqz }afzt ec fka na nft gfà qhqtqfl teqh`t, jqppnfp `qzmhk pna rftp ca{ }afzt nmt pafdnazt nfsa jaah deggahpmhk pnfp na gfiat *`mtpqzjmhk*teqh`t frrze~mgfpal} pnzaa ez ceqz pmgat f `f} mh dlftt(

Pna rfpmahp zarezpt pnfp getp ec nmt sedflmfpmeht p}rmdfll} eddqz fcpaz na degrlapat nmtnega{ezi .{nah na jalmasat *na mt jeza`*- fh` oqtp rzmez pe cfllmhk ftlaar( Jepn rfzahpt fltehepa` pnfp pnamz teh gfà pna getp rzelmcmd sedflmfpmeht fp hmknp {nah na {ft rzarfzmhk cezja`, {nmdn {eql` lftp cez frrze~mgfpal} :2 gmhqpat jaceza cfllmhk ftlaar( FST {ft qta` fp 64N cez f `qzfpmeh ec :2 gmhqpat cez cmsa tattmeht( Tattmeht peei rlfda {aail} cez pna cmztp pnzaatattmeht( Fcpaz f pnzaa'{aai jzafi, fh f``mpmehfl tattmeh {ft f`gmhmtpaza`( Zatqlpt {aza gaft'qza` j} {aail} Rfzahp Zarezpt, f tqzsa} dehtmtpmhk ec :2 vqatpmeht zakfz`mhk dnfhka mh f hqg'jaz ec fzaft tqdn ft janfsmez, tlaar rfppazht, fccadp, fh` sedflmfpmeht( Fcpaz pna mhmpmfl tattmehpna rfpmahp+t cfpnaz zarezpa` pnfp na nafz` he sedflmfpmeht pnfp asahmhk, pneqkn na `m` zarezpnafzmhk sedflmfpmeht tasazfl `f}t lfpaz mh pna {aai rzmez pe nmt teh+t ja`pmga(

Pna Rfzahp Zarezp fcpaz pna tadeh` tattmeh mh`mdfpa` f tmkhmcmdfhp àdzafta mh pna rfpmahp+tsedflmfpmeht( Pna Zarezp fcpaz pna pnmz` tattmeh àgehtpzfpa` pna getp tmkhmcmdfhp dnfhka, {mpnehl} eha ez p{e zarezpa` sedflmfpmeht eddqzzmhk mh f pnzaa'{aai razme`( He sedflmfpmeht {azazarezpa` fp nega j} ampnaz rfzahp ez pna dnml` fcpaz pna ceqzpn tattmeh, ne{asaz, pna rfpmahp+tpafdnaz `m` zarezp tega mhczavqahp sedflmfpmeht frrze~mgfpal} pnzaa pmgat f {aai, pneqkn saz}tnezp mh `qzfpmeh(

Pe `fpa, f tmkhmcmdfhp za`qdpmeh mh sedflmfpmeht nft jaah tqtpfmha`


9/26

cez frrze~mgfpal} tm~ gehpnt, pneqkn mp mt hep }ap ihe{h mc cqpqza tpzattezt gf} mh`qda fh mh'dzafta ez zadqzzahda ec t}grpegt(

Fddez`mhk pe pna Dnml`%Fèlatdahp Mhpfia Cezg fh` Dlmhmdfl Mhpazsma{ {mpn pna rfpmahp+tgepnaz, pna rfpmahp {ft jezh rzagfpqzal} fp 40 {aait, fh` pna Rza'Lfjez qta ec pna `zqk Fl'

jqpazel {ft zarezpa`( Fll àsalergahpfl gmlatpehat {aza zarezpa`l} gap {mpnmh hezgfl zfhka(Ga`mdfl nmtpez} mt epnaz{mta qhzagfzifjla( Pna rfpmahp mt zarezpa` pe ja fh eqptpfh`mhktpqàhp, fh` a~nmjmpt he dekhmpmsa, janfsmezfl, ez lafzhmhk `mccmdqlpmat, fh` mt hep pfimhk fh}ga`mdfpmeht(

Mp tneql` ja dehtmàza` pnfp pnmt {ft fh mhcezgfl a~razmgahpfl pzmfl ec f heh'`zqk pzafpgahpmhpazsahpmeh cez Sedfl Pmd @mtezàz fh` he vqfhpmpfpmsa gaftqzat {aza pfiah {mpn pna a~darpmehec Rfzahp Zarezpt fh` Pafdnaz Zarezpt( Pnmt dfta tpq`}, pneqkn sflm` ehl} vqflmpfpmsal}, gf}lah` accmdfd} pe qpmlmmhk FST ft f rettmjla mhpazsahpmeh cez pnmt p}ra ec `mtezàz, fh`zarlmdfpmeh ec pna rzatahp tpq`} {mpn lfzkaz hqgjaz ec tqdn rfpmahpt mt hadattfz} jaceza f`sfhd'mhk tqdn tpq`mat(

Zacazahda Fgazmdfh Rt}dnelekmdfl Fttedmfpmeh .6==0-( @mfkhetpmd fh` Tpfpmtpmdfl Gfhqfl ecGahpfl @mtezàzt, 0pn A`mpmeh( [ftnmhkpeh, @D? Fqpnez( Zqpn Elgtpaf` dfh ja dehpfdpa` fp?zelgtpafB{flàhq(a`q Der}zmknp Zqpn Elgtpaf`, Cp( Lfqàz`fla, CL :226

Fh *A'Mhpazsma{* {mpn Peg Jq`}htim, Rn(@(

V? Rlafta jakmh j} tnfzmhk {mpn eqz zafàzt f lmppla jmp fjeqp }eqztalc(((

F? *M kzf`qfpa` czeg pna Qhmsaztmp} ec @apzemp {mpn fh AA àkzaa fh` trahp ; }afzt ft fh faze'trfda ahkmhaaz( Pna getp mhpzmkqmhk rzeoadp {ft ft cmal` tqrrezp tqrazsmtez ec pna mhazpmfl hfsm'kfpmeh t}tpag eh pna TZ;6 Jlfdijmz` fp Fzaf 16, epnaz{mta ihe{h ft Kzeeg Lfia, Hasf`f(Patpmhk {ahp eh fzeqh` pna dledi cez 4 tnmcpt jqp tqrazsmtezt deql` ja dflla` eqp ec ja` mcrzejlagt fzeta ' fh` pna} tqza `m`( Fcpaz 0 }afzt ec pnmt M kep eqp ec ahkmhaazmhk mh 6=30 fh` ja'kfh pe dfpdn qr eh rt}dnelek} deqztat fp QDLF( M asahpqfll} kep f gftpaz+t fh` èdpezfpa mhrt}dnelek} fp pna Qhmsaztmp} ec Delezfè( [nmla pnaza M lafzha` ec pna jakmhhmhk {ezi ec OeaIfgm}f {mpn flrnf AAK caa`jfdi( M, {mpn pna nalr czeg g} jq``} Oenh Rmddnmeppmhe .{a nf`gap fp Nqknat Fmzdzfcp mh Dflmcezhmf tasazfl }afzt jaceza- M jqmlp f Ifgm}f'lmia qhmp {nmdn ca`'jfdi f 022N peha {nahasaz flrnf jqztpt eddqzza`( M pnah qta` mp pe àtahtmpma f czmah` {mpn ftasaza pnfhfpernejmf .cafz ec àfpn fh` àfpn zalfpa` tpmgqlm-( M kqatt mp {ft pna cmztp mhdmàhp ec

f dlmhmdfl frrlmdfpmeh ec {nfp lfpaz {eql` ja dflla` haqzepnazfr}(

Pekapnaz Oenh fh` M àsalera` pna cmztp tqzcfda AGK .gqtdla pahtmeh- jmecaa`jfdi t}tpagt(Pna} cafpqza` `mkmpfl vqfhpmcmdfpmeh fh` gf} nfsa jaah pna cmztp tqdn mhtpzqgahpt cez gqtdlaAGK fh` lfpaz AAK( Pna lfpa 32+t fh` ;2+t {aza gfkmdfl }afzt cez jmecaa`jfdi ec fll imh`t([a {aza mhsmpa` fll esaz pna {ezl` pe rzatahp {ezitnert, ladpqzat fh` rfrazt( Mh pneta }afztOenh fh` M tpfzpa` f tgfll degrfh}, Jme'Caa`jfdi T}tpagt, Mhd(, pna cmztp jmecaa`jfdi deg'rfh}( M flte tpfzpa` pna cmztp deggazdmfl jmecaa`jfdi dlmhmd


10/26

dflla` pna Frrlma` Jmecaa`jfdi Mhtpmpqpa( [mpn Oenfhh Tpe}sf, Imzi Raccaz, Dnfzlat F`laz, fh`,ec deqzta, Oenh Rmddnmeppmhe, {a kfsa pna cmztp {ezitnert mh jmecaa`jfdi fp The{gftt fp Ft'rah( Pna =2+t tne{a` f zatqzkahda ec mhpazatp mh AAK caa`jfdi {mpn pna f`sahp ec degrqpaz'ma` t}tpagt dflla` VAAK .vqfhpmcma` AAK t}tpagt-( M he{ pafdn {ezitnert mh haqzepnazfr}fh` pna a~dmpagahp mh pnmt fzaf mt flgetp pna rmpdn ec pnfp mh pna afzl} ;2+t mh jmecaa`jfdi( [mpn

g} {mca Nalah, f Rzecattez Agazmpqt fp pna Qhmsaztmp} ec [ftnmhkpeh, M nfsa jaah deh`qdpmhkzatafzdn mh frrlmdfpmeht ec FST pe tdneel razcezgfhda fh` dekhmpmsa mgrzesagahp mh pna al`'azl}( M flte nfsa f tgfll rzmsfpa rzfdpmda ec haqzepnazfr}( M dfh ja zafdna` fp? pjq`}hBdt(deg(*

V? Ne{ `m` }eq mhmpmfll} kap mhselsa` {mpn pnmt padnhelek}5 [nfp avqmrgahp `m` }eq cmztp qta5[nah {ft pnfp5

F? *Fjeqp pna gm`';2+t {a qta` pna [nela Jzfmh{fsa T}hdnzeahazkmaz {mpn tega ec pna dlm'

ahpt taah mh g} @ahsaz dlmhmd( @ahmt Kezkat, pna mhsahpez, nf` èha f 4 `f} {ezitner fp eqzrlfda fh` kahazfpa` f lep ec mhpazatp( [a ceqh` pnfp pnmt re{azcql àsmda nalra` tega dlmahpt eccrzatdzmrpmeh pzfhvqmlmazt( F kzeqr ec 3 rt}dnmd naflazt {ne pzma` mp dlfmga` .mhàrahàhpl}-pnfp mp eraha` fll pna Dnfizft fp 3 N fh` ehl} pna ehat czeg pna dnatp qr fp 62 N( Afdn ec pnanaflazt zarezpa` saz} dzafpmsa smtqfl mgfkaz}, a(k(, tpzfhka cfdat, raerla, smtpft, apd( F jmp lfpazeqz dlmhmd {ft smtmpa` j} :2 gfhfkazt ec f lfzka tqrazgfziap dnfmh( Hmhapaah ec pnag tmgrl}zarezpa` pna zapmhfl accadpt( Eha, f {egah, za'a~razmahda` f pzfqgfpmd tqzkaz} czeg : }afzt ja'ceza( [mpn pna f`sahp ec geàzh FST àsmdat {a jakfh pe mhpakzfpa pnamz qtfka mhpe eqz haq'zepnazfr} rzfdpmda( Mh pna lftp : }afzt {a nfsa ahkfka` mh tega tazmeqt zatafzdn {mpn FST(*

V? Ne{ ecpah è }eq raztehfll} a~razmahda f lmknp % teqh` tattmeh5 Fh} cfsezmpa5 @e }eq tm'gqlpfhaeqtl} qpmlma epnaz ge`flmpmat tqdn ft jmecaa`jfdi ez pfdpmla tpmgqlfpmeh fh` gepmeh `qz'mhk tattmeht5

F? *M qta pna FST qhmpt mh jqztpt {nah M taag pe haa` mp( Pnah M gf} qta mp p{mda f `f}( M+ll qtq'fll} pz} f ha{ qhmp {nah mp degat g} {f}( M fg getp a~razmahda` {mpn Zejazp Fqtpmh+tT}hapmd+t kafz jadfqta M `m` {ezi ft f zatafzdn `mzadpez cez T}hapmdt fp eha remhp( M flte lmia@fsm` Tmasaz+t qhmpt fh` {a nfsa qta` jepn T}hapmd T}tpag+t fh` Tmasaz+t qhmpt mh eqzzatafzdn( M+ll ecpah qta g} e{h talc'nalr D@t ez fq`me dfttappat flehk {mpn pna smtqfl rfzp ec pnaFST rzekzfg( M è qta pna FST `qzmhk dazpfmh haqzepnazfr} tattmeht, a(k(, jeetpmhk 60 N {mpnFST {nah èmhk fh F@@ rzepedel(*

V? [nfp+t }eqz àcmhmpmeh ec pna razcadp lmknp % teqh` mhtpzqgahp5 [nfp {eql` pna lmknp klfttatja lmia5

F? *Pna vqatpmeh ec {nfp {eql` ja pna razcadp FST mt `mccmdqlp( M kqatt M


11/26

{eql` lmia eha pnfp mt degrqpaz rzekzfggfjla ft tega he{ fza( Mp {eql` ja hmda mc tega ec pnaLA@t {eql` ja fp pna saz} dezhaz ec afdn a}acmal` te pnfp f tmhkla nagmtrnaza deql` ja tpmgq'lfpa` j} afdn( M {eql` lmia geza jmhfqzfl peha dfrfjmlmp} tqdn pnfp gqlpmrla czavqahdmat deql`ja degrqpaz taladpa`( M raztehfll} lmia pna ha{ àar jlqa LA@t, fh` qhmpt pnfp dfh jlah`degjmhfpmeht ec rzmgfz} delez LA@t te ft pe gfia fh} delez fza cftdmhfpmhk( Ec deqzta, f geza

a~rahtmsa qhmp gmknp ja `zmsah j} pna ègmhfhp AAK, m(a(, pna czavqahd} ec pna FST {eql` jalmhia` pe pnmt AAK czavqahd}( Tqdn qhmpt nfsa flzaf`} jaah àsalera` j} f hqgjaz ec mh`msm`q'flt fh` M dehtmàz pnata a~pzagal} re{azcql àsmdat cez jzfmh dnfhka(

Mh 6==2 M nf` Pe`` Tpeha, he{ f padnhmdmfh cez T}hapmdt, jqml` ga f àsmda pnfp M dflla` pna*Nagmcmal`,* jadfqta mp dehpfmha` fh a}aczfga {mpn za` LA@t mh pna saz} dezhazt ec pna lacp fh`zmknp smtqfl cmal`t( Pna} deql` ja mh`msm`qfll} dehpzella` mh czavqahd} fh` mhpahtmp}( M `m` tegazatafzdn pnfp rzesa` eha deql` mhàrahàhpl} accadp dehpflfpazfl czavqahd}'celle{mhk AAK za'trehtat {mpn pna àsmda( M zarezpa` eh tega lfpaz zatafzdn {mpn pna Nagmcmal` fjeqp 6==6 fp pnaCqpqzanaflpn Jzfmh Zatafzdn Dehcazahda mh Ia} [atp, Clezm`f( A}aczfgat pnfp dlfmg pe talad'pmsal} mhclqahda eha ez pna epnaz nagmcmal` dfh ja dnadia` eqp mc }eq nfsa AAK rzmhpeqp dfrf'

jmlmp}( Zagagjaz, pna LA@t gqtp ja rlfda` tqdn pnfp pna} ehl} tpmgqlfpa pna eqpaz dezhazt ecafdn a}a(*

V? [nfp dehtmàzfpmeht tneql` tegaeha ha{ pe FST pfia mhpe fddeqhp {nah rqzdnftmhk pnamzcmztp mhtpzqgahp5

F? *F`smda pe tegaeha ha{ pe pna FST fzaf tneql` pfia mhpe fddeqhp ne{ a~razmahda` pna}fza {mpn degrqpazt( Zafl *padnmat,* degrqpaz rzekzfggazt, fh` ahkmhaazmhk p}rat {eql` ahoe}pna degrqpaz'rzekzfggfjla qhmpt( Gfh} ec g} rzmsfpa haqzepnazfr} dlmahpt ne{asaz, {fhpaft}'pe' qta qhmpt {mpn he degrlmdfpa` mhtpzqdpmeh zavqmzagahpt(*

V? ]eq nfsa rfzpmdmrfpa` mh gfh} zatafzdn tpq`mat qpmlmmhk lmknp % teqh`( Mt pnaza eha tpq`} mhrfzpmdqlfz pnfp lacp fh mhàlmjla mgrzattmeh eh }eq5

F? *Flehk {mpn Kaezka Zealla M dfzzma` eqp f tmhkla dfta tpq`} {mpn f tpzeia dlmahp {ne {ft{zmppah ecc j} pna ga`mdfl atpfjlmtngahp( [a qta` pna AAK'`zmsah FST àtmkha` j} Lah Ednt,Nfzel` Zqttall fh` Jej Fqtpmh+t kzeqr( Pna dlmahp gfà fh fgfmhk zadesaz} fh` {a tahp nmgjfdi pe tega ec nmt ezmkmhfl G@t fh` pnazfrmtpt cez geza patpmhk( Haa`latt pe tf} pna} {azavqmpa tqzrzmta`( [a kep pnfp rqjlmtna` mh pna 6==1 Jmecaa`jfdi # Talc'Zakqlfpmeh oeqzhfl(Ne{asaz, pna getp tfpmtc}mhk FST zatafzdn tpq`} {ft pna eha mh {nmdn {a mgrzesa` tdneelrazcezgfhda fp [atpazh [ftnmhkpeh Qhmsaztmp} fh` {nmdn {ft rqjlmtna` mh pna 6=== Oeqzhfl ecHaqzepnazfr}( [a nf` nafz` fjeqp pna lfzka hqgjazt ec Iezafh tpqàhpt qtmhk FST qhmpt fh`àdmà` pe è f dfzacql tpq`} pe taa mc pna dlfmgt {aza pzqa( [a kep eqz tqjoadpt czeg pna Deqh'talmhk Dahpaz {naza pna} nf` teqknp nalr jadfqta pna} {aza nfsmhk fdfàgmd rzejlagt( Pnaza{aza : kzeqrt, eha pnfp kep pna FST pzfmhmhk ec 42 tattmeht ec 60 fh` :: N flpazhfpmhk fh` pnaepnaz {ft f {fmpmhk dehpzel pnfp {eql` kap pna pzfmhmhk fcpaz pna rza'retp patpmhk mc pna} àtmza`([a qta` T}hapmd T}tpagt qhmpt fh` a~radpa` tega dnfhka mh pna AAK jqp {a flte kep tpfpmtpm'dfll} tmkhmcmdfhp dnfhkat jap{aah pna kzeqrt mh


12/26

KRF {nah pnmt {ft degrfza` mh pna vqfzpaz jaceza pzfmhmhk {mpn pna vqfzpaz fcpaz pzfmhmhk( Fprzatahp {a fza ahkfka` mh f tpq`} {mpn alàzl} mh`msm`qflt fh` {a fza qtmhk rza'retp Gmdzedekt.degrqpaz tdeza` dekhmpmsa patpt- {mpn @fsm` Tmasaz qhmpt( Rzalmgmhfz} cmh`mhkt leei kee` tecfz(*

V? [nfp è }eq jalmasa fza pna getp mgrezpfhp mttqat cfdmhk pna lmknp % teqh` mh`qtpz} pe`f}5

F? *Mgrezpfhp mttqat cfdmhk pna FST mh`qtpz} fza pna vqatpmeh ec {napnaz FST dfh ja gfà petaladpmsal} tpmgqlfpa dazpfmh fzaft ec pna jzfmh fh` g} e{h raztehfl vqatp ' dfh FST rze`qda f*eha'{mpn'pna'trmzmp* tpfpa, m(a(, fh qhcezkappfjla, mhaccfjla, {ehàzcqll} cqlcmllmhk a~razmahda([a nfsa tega rmlep {ezi pnfp leeit rzegmtmhk(*

Pna Tnfipm Nalgap

j} Tdepp Gmllaz

Ft M rzarfza pe {zmpa pnmt, M tap pna rezpfjla D@ rlf}az fp g} caap, mhtazp pna tradmfll} dzafpa`D@, fh` qh{mh` pna tm~ caap ec {mza, eha ah` ec {nmdn kapt rlqkka` mh pe pna naf`rneha ofdi ecpna rlf}az( Pna epnaz ah` M dehhadp pe fh e`` leeimhk, `qdp pfra desaza` jmd}dla nalgap( Deh'dafla` jahafpn pna tmlsaz} cfjzmd fza tasazfl t}ggapzmdfll} fzzfhka` aladpzegfkhapmd telahem`t{neta ledfpmeht flmkh geza ez latt {mpn jzfmh tpzqdpqzat {nmdn nel` pna `mtpmhdpmeh ec jamhksepa` .ez fp laftp hegmhfpa` cez- *getp lmial} pe rze`qda f tega{nfp rza`mdpfjl} flpaza` tpfpa ecdehtdmeqthatt*(

Pna D@ dehpfmht tm~ pah gmhqpa pzfdpt ec teqh` rqltat {neta fgrlmpqà, {fsa cezg, fh` `q'zfpmeh nfsa jaah .neracqll}- dfzacqll} àtmkha` pe fccadp pna pfzkapa` fzaft ' pna fg}k`flf fh`pna nmrredfgrqt '{nah tfm` rqltat fza ca` mhpe pna nalgap {nmdn pzfhtlfpat pnag mhpealadpzegfkhapmd rqltat( Mh pna qhmsaztmp} lfj ' f lfzkaz, {all cqhà` lfj, qhlmia g} e{h tmhklazeeg {nmdn tazsat ft àtmkh tpq`me, gmh`%jzfmh lfj, fh` lmjzfz} ' f àsmda dflla` f @mkmpfl peFhflek Dehsazpaz mt qta` pe tpeza fh` zarze`qda pnata rqltat(

Cmhfl tpar jaceza èhhmhk pna nalgap mt pe qta f kfqtt gapaz pe fòqtp pna telahem` eqprqp pepna erpmgqg tappmhk ec 62 gmllmkfqtt( Fdpqfll}, jadfqta pnmt mt pna cmhfl tattmeh ec g} tadeh`tm~ tattmeh tazmat, M àdmà pe fòqtp pna eqprqp qr oqtp f jmp( Pna tqkkatpa` rzepedel mt pe flle{ fpnzaa {aai jzafi jap{aah afdn tazmat, te tneql` fh}pnmhk qhàtmzfjla eddqz, M+ll nfsa f

tqccmdmahp razme` cez g} haqzelekmdfl rfppazht pe zafòqtp pnagtalsat .pna} {mll zafòqtp pnag'talsat {eh+p pna}5-( Cez{fz` pna D@ pe pzfdp 0 .te pna pnzaa pah gmhqpa pzfdpt 0, 1, fh` 3 rlf} cezf pepfl tattmeh pmga ec 42 gmhqpat- fh` rqtn rlf}(

Hezgfll}, M {eql` tappla jfdi fh` oqtp {fmp, jqp M pneqknp mp gmknp ja frrzerzmfpa pe degretapnmt {nmla g} jzfmh mt qhàzkemhk pna aladpzegfkhapmd jegjfz`gahp ' atradmfll} tmhda pnmt tad'eh` tazmat {ft àtmkha` pe zatpeza tega ec pna gahpfl cqhdpmeht eddlqà` j} pna cmztp tazmat ectattmeht(((


13/26

Nfsmhk jaah mhpazatpa` mh pna mhpahpmehfl gfhmrqlfpmeh ec dehtdmeqthatt cez gfh} }afzt M {ftmhpzmkqa` j} zatafzdn fp Lfqzahpmfh Qhmsaztmp} .Tq`jqz}, Ehpfzme- j} a~rfpzmfpa Gmdnfal Razt'mhkaz, f haqzetdmahpmtp {ne gmkzfpa` pe Dfhf`f `qzmhk pna Smaphfg {fz azf cez {nfp M fttqga peja dehtdmahpmeqt zafteht ' pnah fkfmh, raznfrt na oqtp lesat `fgh del` {afpnaz( Fh}{f}, fpnmt qhmsaztmp} lfj, @z( Raztmhkaz {ft a~razmgahpmhk {mpn aladpzegfkhapmd rqltat frrlma` pe pna

jzfmh( Pnaza {aza zqgezt ec nmt mhselsagahp {mpn pna gmlmpfz} mhpallmkahda deggqhmp} mh sfzm'eqt gmh` dehpzel a~razmgahpt jqp M nfsa hasaz ceqh` fh} asmàhda pe pnfp accadp( .Fh` tmhda nmtlfj ehl} zadahpl} ejpfmha` Rahpmqg degrqpazt, M èqjp pnfp na {ft pna zadmrmahp ec fh} jlfdi'ert cqh`mhk( Eh pna epnaz nfh`, pnaza {aza rqjlmtna` fzpmdlat 'gfh} j} Raztmhkaz nmgtalc 'fjeqp tmgqlfpa` QCE fj`qdpmeh a~razmahdat rze`qda` j} frrlmdfpmeh ec pnata tadzap {fsacezgt, fh` asah tpezmat fjeqp g}tpmdfl smtmeht fh` cqll jle{h zalmkmeqt a~razmahdat(

[nfp M hasaz deql` cmh`, ampnaz mh pna fzpmdlat ez czeg tafzdnmhk nmt rfpahpt, {aza pna tradmc'mdt haaà` pe zarze`qda pnata asahpt( Pna frrfzfpqt, pna cmal` tpzahkpnt, fh` tradmcmdfll}, pna{fsa cezgt qta` j} @z( Raztmhkaz {aza fllqà` pe, jqp hasaz tradmcmdfll} lmtpa`( Te {nah f gah'pmeh {ft gfà ec f Pe`` Gqzrn}, {ne nf` dehhadpmeht pe Raztmhkaz, eccazmhk f negagfà

gfkhapmd tpmgqlfpmeh nalgap degrlapa {mpn f {f} ec rze`qdmhk pna rzeraz rqltat fh` {fsacezgt pe pneta {mllmhk pe rfzpmdmrfpa mh fh a~razmgahp .fh` rf} pnamz e{h {f}-, {all, M deql`h+pcmll eqp pna rza' tdzaahmhk frrlmdfpmeh cftp aheqkn(

Pe`` Gqzrn} dfllt nmt saztmeh ec Raztmhkaz+t nalgap Tnfipm .fddez`mhk pe f 6=:= fddeqhpj} @z(Nfht Ieatpaz, mh pna Oeqzhfl ec pna Tmfg tedmap}? Pna Ke`àtt Tnfipm mt pna *re{az*{nmdn razsfàt pna {nela ec pna qhmsazta, fh` czeg {nmdn pna Qhmsazta nft agfhfpa`( Pnaza mthepnmhk {mpnmh pna gfhmcatp {ezl` {nmdn mt hep Tnfipm mh mpt attahda(- [all, pnmt gqtp javqmpa f nalgap, fh` flpneqkn pnaza fza g}zmf` àcmhmpmeht ec Tnfipm, pnmt eha tqgt mp qr vqmpahmdal}(

M+sa èha {nfp M dfll pna tecp{fza % gapfrzekzfggmhk zeqpa ' mhpahtmsal} {mpn Tmlsf Gmh`Dehpzel, sfzmeqt cezgt ec pzfhda {ezi, Tdmahpelek}, Haqze'Lmhkqmtpmd Rzekzfggmhk, Rt}dne'pnazfr}, _ah, Fsfpfz, fh` `fjjla` mh pna Ceqzpn [f}, Gehzea+t Nagm'T}hd, Dahpaz Remhpa+tLasal 0, Dze{la}+t Gfkmdi, fh` te gfh} epnazt( Fll pnata eccaz {f}t pe gfhmrqlfpa dehtdmeqt'hatt j} flpazmhk pna mhpalladpqfl rzedattat mh ne{ {a mhpazrzap pnfp {nmdn dehczehpt qt jepn a~'pazhfll} fh` mhpazhfll}(

M+sa flte trahp gqdn pmga {ezimhk pna nfz`{fza zeqpa {mpn AAK fh` KTZ jmecaa`jfdi,Lmknp fh` Teqh` padnhelek} {naza clftnmhk lmknpt tradmcmd teqh` czavqahdmat ez rqltat fppagrppe flpaz pna jzfmh{fsat smf pna smtqfl dezpa~ ez fq`mpez} rfpn{f}t zatradpmsal}( DAT {mpn mp+t{nela naf` frrzefdn pe mh`qdmhk jmednagmdfl ez gadnfhmdfl dnfhkat pe pna jzfmh( Jqp naza mt f

`mzadp frrzefdn pe fdpqfll} dnfhkmhk g} {ap{fza( Pfzkapmhk tradmcmd ledfpmeht ec pna jzfmh peahdeqzfka tradmcmd dnfhkat mh pnamz cqhdpmeh( Afzl} eh, g} kefl {ft ft Fljazp Amhtpamh tpfpa` 'àrah`mhk qreh {ne pzfhtlfpat mp ' *Pe ihe{ pna gmh` ec KU`(*( [all, pnmt taaga` f rzapp}{ezpn{nmla kefl qhpml eha `f} M zaflma` pnfp mc asaz}pnmhk {ft zasafla` pe ga fh` mp {fth+p qrpe pna lasal ec {nfp M a~radpa`, M {eql` ja rzapp} `fzha` `mtfrremhpa`, te M+sa àdmà` pe oqtp lappnfp eha ja f g}tpaz}( M+ll ja tfpmtcma` .cez he{ fh}{f}- {mpn f geza a~rfhà` sma{remhp, tegaàaraz mhtmknpt, f cqzpnaz mhpakzfpmeh ec g} fhfl}pmdfl fh` mhpqmpmsa cfdqlpmat, fh` ec deqzta, pepflègmhmeh esaz fll pna dzafpqzat ec pna afzpn( Tnfipm


14/26

taaga` pe eccaz f ha{ zeqpa pe fp laftp tega ec pnata pnmhkt(((

Ft teeh ft mp fzzmsa`, fh` M jakfh pna pa`meqt rzedatt ec patpmhk g} jzfmhtaamhk ne{ afdntmà ec g} jzfmh zatrehà` pe afdn gfkhapmd tmkhfl( Rzerazl} tap qr, Tnfipm tneql` rze`qdaretmpmsa, asah rlaftqzfjla tahtfpmeht 'mgrzerazl} tap qr, mp deql` dfqta mzzmpfpmeh, asah àrzat'

tmeh( Pnaza fza p{e nagmtrnazat ec pna jzfmh, fh` p{e tmkhflt( Patpmhk mhselsat frrl}mhk afdntmkhfl pe afdn tmà cez pah gmhqpat afdn ' ceqz patpt mh fll ' fh` hepmhk pna tqjoadpmsa accadpt(Fh} qhdegcezpfjla caalmhkt, gml` rfhmd fppfdit, {fsat ec cafz, ez fdqpa f{fzahatt ec pna fhkalec àfpn tpfh`mhk janmh` }eq fza mhpazrzapa` ft mh`mdfpmeht pnfp }eq fza frrl}mhk pna {zehk tmk'hfl pe pna {zehk ledfpmeh( Dehsaztal}, rlaftfhp tahtfpmeht fza mhpazrzapa` ft frrl}mhk pna à'tmza` {fsa cezg pe pna frrzerzmfpa fzaf( Pnaezmat fh` mh àrpn a~rlfhfpmeht ec pnmt fza fsfmlfjlafp pna Tnfipm {aj tmpa( Ehda pna patpmhk mt èha, fh` pna nalgap tap qr fddez`mhkl}, pna gfkhapmdtpmgqlfpmeh tattmeht jakmh(((

]eq gf} dehpfdp Tdepp fp? tdeppB{mfz`tkfpa(degDer}zmknp? Tdepp Gmllaz % Fqkqtp :226

Haqzecaa`jfdi fh` Fq`me ' Smtqfl Tpmgqlfpmeh Rzekzfg

mh pna Dfl`{all, M`fne Tdneel @mtpzmdp(

J} L( Oazz} Dqhhmhknfg, Rn(@(

Pna Dfl`{all Tdneel @mtpzmdp dehpmhqa` mpt Haqzecaa`jfdi fh` FST rzekzfg pnzeqkneqp pnafdfàgmd }afz ec :222':226( Mp jadfga dlafzl} frrfzahp lftp }afz pnfp {mpn pna àrfzpgahp+tlmgmpa` jq`kap cez pnmt rzekzfg fh` pna lmgmpa` fgeqhp ec pmga pnfp deql` ja àsepa` pehaqzecaa`jfdi, pnfp {a haaà` pe cmh` tega f``mpmehfl fh` geza detp'accadpmsa rzeda`qzat( [anf` qta` FST mh pna rzada`mhk }afz fh` nf` jaah rlafta` {mpn f tega{nfp retmpmsa zatrehta pepnmt mhpazsahpmeh( Flte pna Gmdnalappm `mttazpfpmeh nf` dazpfmhl} lahp tega dzaàhda pe pnmtrzeda`qza+t rettmjmlmpmat( Pna mhpazatpmhk rettmjmlmpmat ec pnmt ge`flmp} mhdlqà` pna dehtmàzfjl}le{az avqmrgahp a~rah`mpqza ft degrfza` pe haqzecaa`jfdi fh` flte pna rettmjmlmp} ec deh`qdp'mhk tmgqlpfhaeqt gqlpmrla tattmeht(

[a pnazaceza dehpmhqa` {mpn f dehtazsfpmsa qpmlmfpmeh ec haqzecaa`jfdi fh` jakfh a~rlez'mhk pna rettmjmlmp} ec qpmlmmhk FST mh f gqlpm'dlmahp cezgfp( [a jakfh {mpn mh`msm`qfl Rze Pq'pezt j} Rnepetehm~, fh` mhpazlmhia` pna lmknp fh` teqh` mhpazsahpmeh {mpn gqtmd( Mh ezàz pe èpnmt {a ejpfmha` rezpfjla dfttappa zadezàzt, gfà gqlpmrla dermat ec pna gqtmd {a rlfhha` ehqtmhk fh` jakfh a~rlezmhk pna rettmjmlmp} ec gqlpmrla'tpqàhp tattmeht( Mp gqtp ja zagagjaza`pnfp pna àtmkhfpa` tpqàhpt {aza mh fh alagahpfz} tappmhk fh` pna ehat zacazza` pe pnmt rzekzfg{aza pna tpqàhpt {mpn pna getp tasaza janfsmezfl rzejlagt mh pna tdneel( Mp jadfga dlafz mg'ga`mfpal}


15/26

pnfp f``zattmhk geza pnfh eha `mtpqzja` dnml` fp f pmga tmkhmcmdfhpl} degrlmdfpa` pna rzeda`qza(

Pnaza {aza flte gfh} padnhmdfl `mccmdqlpmat fttedmfpa` {mpn eqz lmgmpa` jq`kap fh` lmgmpa`trfda( Eqz tdneelt fza cmlla` ja}eh` dfrfdmp} fh` pnqt pna zeeg fttmkha` pe qt cez pnmt rzeda'`qza {ft jepn tgfll fh` qta` cez epnaz rqzretat( Pnazaceza mp {ft hadattfz} cez qt pe fttagjla

pna sfzmeqt Rze Pqpezt fh` dfttappa zadezàzt afdn gezhmhk fh` `mtfttagjla pnag afdn pmgapna zeeg {ft haaà` cez epnaz rqzretat( Tdna`qlmhk `mccmdqlpmat flte fza f zaflmp} mh pna tdneeltmhda dnml`zah dfhhep ja pfiah eqp ec pnamz zaf`mhk jledit, fh` pna} fza zatahpcql mc pna} nfsa pegmtt pnamz zadattat ez heeh neqzt( Jqp mh trmpa ec pnata lmgmpfpmeht {a rzedaaà` {mpn pna rze'kzfg(

Mp {ft mgrettmjla pe gfhfka geza pnfh cmsa ec pnata dnml`zah fp eha pmga( Hep oqtp jadfqta ecpna trfda lmgmpfpmeh, jqp flte jadfqta ec pna `mccmdqlp} mh gfhfkmhk pnamz `mtzqrpmsa fh` gfhmrq'lfpmsa janfsmezt( Mp ftpehmtna` ga, f tafteha` dlmhmdfl rt}dnelekmtp, fp pna pzagahèqt hqgjaztec gfhmrqlfpmeht pnata im`t deql` gfhqcfdpqza( Pnata eddqzza` hep ehl} fp pna jakmhhmhk ecafdn pnazfr} tattmeh jqp flte eddqzza` heh'tper `qzmhk pna pzafpgahp mhpazsahpmeh( Pnata mh'

dlqà` tqdn pnmhkt ft *M nfsa pe ke pe pna jfpnzeeg zafll} jf` fh` M dfh+p {fmp*, *g} heta mtzqhhmhk zafll} jf` fh` M nfsa pe jle{ mp he{*, *M nfsa pe dfll g} gepnaz, M cezkep pe pall naztegapnmhk*, *M èh+p {fhp pe è pnmt he{, dfh M è mp lfpaz5*, apd( Fp cmztp M pzma` pe ja fddegge'`fpmhk fh` flle{ tega zatrehta pe pnamz haa`t, ne{asaz, pna} jadfga te `mtzqrpmsa pnfp M nf`pe tdfla è{h pna hqgjaz ec tpqàhpt mh pna pzafpgahp kzeqr fp pna tfga pmga fh` pnah gfiasaz} dlafz zqlat fjeqp ne{ pna tattmeh {eql` jakmh fh` ne{ pna pzafpgahp {eql` ja deh`qdpa`(Pnmt mhdlqà` tqdn pnmhkt ft ke pe pna jfpnzeeg jaceza }eq dega pe pzafpgahp, jle{ }eqz heta,zaflma pnfp {a {mll fòqtp pna lmknp mhpahtmp} fh` teqh` selqga fp pna jakmhhmhk ec pna tattmehfh` pna lasalt {mll zagfmh pnaza cez pna :2 ez 42 gmhqpa tattmeh( Pna dehtpfhp àgfh` cez mhpah'tmp} fh` selqga fòqtpgahpt {ft raznfrt pna getp `mtpqzjmhk ec fll pna gfhmrqlfpmeht( Pna} hepehl} {fhpa` pnag fòqtpa` gfh} pmgat `qzmhk pna pzafpgahp, jqp pna} {fhpa` pe fòqtp pna

lasalt pnagtalsat( Ehda pna ehapmga fòqtpgahp {ft mhmpmfpa` pna gfhmrqlfpmeht `mgmhmtna`dehtmàzfjl}(

Pnazaceza mp jadfga saz} dlafz pnfp mh ezàz pe deh`qdp gqlpmrla tattmeht pnfp pna hqgjaz ectpqàhpt haaà` pe tpfzp tgfll, fh` pna zqlat gfà saz} dlafz, fh` pna gfhmrqlfpmeht dnfllahka`dehtmtpahpl}( Getp ec pnata dnml`zah nfsa Fppahpmeh @acmdmp N}razfdpmsmp} @mtezàz, fh` pnamzfjmlmp} pe tmp tpmll mt dazpfmhl} f dnfllahka cez gfh} ec pnag( Ne{asaz, pna gesagahp `mtzqrpmehtnfsa gfh} gfhmrqlfpmsa vqflmpmat( Mp+t hep pnfp pna dnml` deql` hep tmp tpmll, jqp pna gfhmrqlfpmsarf}ecc {ft te a~pahtmsa pnfp pna janfsmez {ft dehtpfhp qhlatt fkfmh dehtmtpahpl} dnfllahka`(Ehda pna gesagahp fh` gfhmrqlfpmsa alagahpt fza dnfllahka` fh` dehpzella` pna hqgjazec tpqàhpt dfh ja kzf`qfll} mhdzafta`( Pnazaceza, {mpn gqlpmrla'tpqàhp tattmeht, mp mt g} zad'

eggah`fpmeh pnfp pna dlmhmdmfh tpfzp {mpn p{e ez pnzaa tpqàhpt, fh` ehda ezàz fh` zeqpmha pfiaaccadp, pnah f`` eha tpqàhp fp f pmga( Mp {mll ja rettmjla pe {ezi qr pe 1 ez 3 tpqàhpt fh` raz'nfrt geza j} celle{mhk pnata rzeda`qzat(

Mh ezàz pe mhpazsaha mh pna gesagahp `mtezàz fh` pna sfzmeqt gfhmrqlfpmeht M jakfh `zf{'mhk czeg pna Jzfmh K}g rzeda`qzat( Pna rt}dnelek} fh` tradmfl a`qdfpmeh tpfcc jadfga mhpaz'atpa` mh pnata mhpazsahpmeht fp pna jakmhhmhk ec pnmt tdneel }afz fh` {a pfqknp f sfzmap} ec pnatarzeda`qzat pe


16/26

tasazfl ec pna alagahpfz} dlfttzeeg pafdnazt( Tasazfl pafdnazt zarezpa` pnfp pna qpmlmfpmeh ecpna Jzfmh K}g rzeda`qzat vqmdil} jzeqknp vqmap fh` dflg pe pnamz dlfttzeegt( Tega ec pnapafdnazt {aza lmpazfll} ftpehmtna` fp pna accadpmsahatt fh` traa` ec pnata mhpazsahpmeht( Pnaza'ceza, mp {ft àdmà` pe qta pnata ft f rfzp ec pna FST pnazfr}( Tpqàhpt {eql` ja pfqknp pnasfzmeqt Jzfmh K}g retpqzat, fh` {a {eql` tpfzp pna pnazfr} {mpn pnata retpqzat, fh` ecpah

gfmhpfmh tega ec pnag pnzeqknpeqp pna ahpmza lmknp'teqh` tattmeh( Pnata mhpazsahpmeht dazpfmhl}nalra` vqmap gfh} ec pnata `mtzqrpmsa dnml`zah fh` flehk {mpn dehtmtpahp dnfllahkmhk ec pna gf'hmrqlfpmeht, pna tattmeht asahpqfll} jakfh pe vqmap fh` jadega geza ezàzl}( Mp mt saz} dlafz pnfpmh ezàz pe qpmlma pna FST rzeda`qzat cez geza pnfh eha dnml` fp f pmga pnfp saz} dfzacql fppah'pmeh gqtp ja rfm` pe kzeqr tma, gfmhpfmhmhk saz} dlafz ezàz fh` jeqh`fzmat fh` dehczehpmhkdehtmtpahpl} fh} gfhmrqlfpmsa pahàhdmat( Flte fh}eha {ne fppagrpt pnata rzeda`qzat mh fkzeqr dehpa~p gf} {all cmh` pna Jzfmh K}g rzeda`qzat mhsflqfjla(

Fh ftmà pe pna Jzfmh K}g ge`flmp} fh` mpt mhpazcfda {mpn FST mt pna dnml`+t mhnazahp lesa ecpnata retmpmeht fh` retpqzat( Mp taagt pnfp pna} fza saz} czmah`l} pe pna `mtzqrpmsa dnml`+t hazs'eqt t}tpag( Mp {ft hep qhdeggeh ft pna }afz rzekzatta` pe nfsa tega ec pna dnml`zah dega mh,

tmp è{h, fh` mgga`mfpal} fttqga eha ec pna Jzfmh K}g retpqzat( Pna dlfttzeeg pafdnazt fltezarezpa` f tmgmlfz rnahegaheh( Ecpah gfh} ec pna tpqàhpt {eql` dega mhpe pna dlfttzeeg fh`mgga`mfpal} fttqga eha ec pna retpqzat( Mp {ft hep qhdeggeh mh Lmhdelh Tdneel lftp }afz petaa dnml`zah {flimhk è{h pna nfll{f} mh pna retpqza {a dflla` *Jzfmh Jqppeht*( Pnmt retpqzahadattmpfpa` pna mhpazledimhk ec pna cmhkazt, rflgt cfdmhk afdn epnaz, fh` pqzhmhk pnag qr{fz`mh f rzf}az'lmia retmpmeh( Pnmt {ft raznfrt pna getp dnml`'czmah`l} retpqza pnfp {a mhpze`qda`(

Pna tpfcc ec pna Rt}dnelek} ' Tradmfl A`qdfpmeh `msmtmeh àdmà` pe {zmpa p{e tgfll kzfhpt pep{e `mccazahp fkahdmat mh ezàz pe rqzdnfta gqlpm'qtaz FST àsmdat( [a {aza kmsah jepn kzfhpt,fh` tqjtavqahpl} jeqknp ceqz FST a~rfhàz qhmpt pnfp razgmp pna pzfmhmhk ec pah dnml`zah fp ehapmga( [a flte rqzdnfta` D@ rlf}azt cez afdn a~rfhàz ft {all ft gm~azt fh` gmdzernehat( Pnmt

a~rfhàz avqmrgahp {eql` tmgrlmc} pna avqmrgahp fttagjl} haaà` afdn `f}9 {a {eql` nfsaeha teqh` teqzda fh` eha gqtmdfl degretmpmeh cez pna ahpmza kzeqr fh` {a deql` pfli pe pnagpnzeqkn pna gmdzerneha `qzmhk pna tattmeh( Pnmt {eql` flle{ qt pe kmsa sfzmeqt tqkkatpmeht,fccmzgfpmeht fh` flte pe gehmpez fh` f``zatt pna gfhmrqlfpmeht( [a `m` hep kap pna ahpmzat}tpag erazfpmsa j} pna ah` ec pna }afz, jqp mp mt jalmasa` pnmt {mll mgrzesa fh` tmgrlmc} pnarzeda`qzat {nmdn {a rlfh pe dehpmhqa `qzmhk pna ha~p fdfàgmd }afz(

@qzmhk pna }afz, M `mtdqtta` tasazfl pmgat {mpn Gmdnfal Lfh`kzfc pna rettmjla f`sfhpfka ecqtmhk deleza` lmknpt zfpnaz pnfh pna pzf`mpmehfl za` LA@t( Gz( Lfh`kzfc nft jaah mggahtal}nalrcql pnzeqkneqp eqz ahpmza rzekzfg fh` nft hep ehl} èhfpa` avqmrgahp jqp nft jaah f deh'tpfhp teqzda cez mhcezgfpmeh( Mh fh} asahp, {a jakfh a~rlezmhk pna qta ec `mccazahp deleza`

lmknpt fh` deleza` cmlpazt( Pnmt dqzmetmp} {ft rzegrpa` mh rfzp j} pna pzf`mpmehfl lmknp pnazfr}rzeda`qzat pnfp qta mhtpzqgahpt tqdn ft pna Lqgfpzeh, {nmdn sfz} hep ehl} delez jqp czavqahd}([a pnazaceza rqzdnfta` {mpn pna kzfhp geha} f hqgjaz ec `mccazahp klfttat, fh` Gz( Lfh`kzfcàsalera` fh asah lfzkaz hqgjaz ec deleza` kal cmlpazt pe ja qta` esaz {nmpa LA@ klfttat(

Mp mt }ap qhdlafz fjeqp pna dlmhmdfl qpmlmp} ec pna sfzmeqt delezt, jqp dazpfmhl} pnaza {aza tpzehkrzacazahdat mh`mdfpa` j} pna dnml`zah( Mp {ft, ne{asaz, fhepnaz repahpmfl fzaf cez gfhmrqlfpmeh(Jqp ehda pna rfzfgapazt


17/26

{aza tap fh` celle{a`, dnml`zah {eql` zeqpmhal} zavqatp f rfzpmdqlfz delez fp pna jakmhhmhk ecpna tattmeh fh` zagfmh {mpn pnfp dnemda pnzeqkneqp( Pna jlqa fh` mh`mke delezt {aza dazpfmhl}pna getp rerqlfz fgehk pna dnml`zah( Mp taaga` pnfp pna jlqa delez {ft dlafzl} geza zalf~mhkfh` vqmapmhk pnfh pna za` ez {nmpa( Mp {ft hep qhdeggeh {mpn pna jlqa cmlpaz cez pna dnml` pecfll ftlaar, ez jadega saz} àarl} zalf~a`( Ne{asaz, tega dnml`zah dehtmtpahpl} rzacazza` pna

kzaah cmlpaz, epnazt pna }alle{, apd( M {ft rfzpmdqlfzl} mhpazatpa` mh pna el` zatafzdn eh pna tra'dmcmd dflgmhk ec pna mhpahta rmhi delezt eh fkkzattmsa fh` smelahpl} rzeha dnml`zah fh`fèlatdahpt( Kee` rmhi LA@t è hep a~mtp fp pnmt pmga, fh` pna gm~pqza ec za` fh` {nmpa LA@tdlafzl} è hep rze`qda pna smtqfl a~razmahda ec rmhi( Fkfmh Gz( Lfh`kzfc àsalera` rmhi cml'pazt, fh` tega dnml`zah lmia` pnag, jqp tpmll geza zacmhagahp haa`t pe ja èha pe kap pna mhpahtarmhi a~razmahda pnfp {ft qta` mh pna rzasmeqt zatafzdn( Mp pnah zagfmht pe ja a~rleza` ft pe{napnaz pna mhpahta rmhi qta` mh fh FST cezgfp {mll nfsa f rzeceqh` vqmapmhk accadp atradmfll}eh pna dnml` ez fèlatdahpt fkkzattmsa mgrqltat( Pnmt mt fh fzaf pnfp {a {mll a~rleza mh geza à'pfml mh pna Cfll( Pna dqzzahp kalt flle{ pee gqdn lmknp pnzeqkn pna cmlpaz, fh` pnqt pna rmhi a~'razmahda mt `mlqpa`(

Pna mttqa ec pna p}ra ec gqtmd qpmlma` `qzmhk pna lmknp'teqh` mhpazsahpmeht gf} ja saz} mg'rezpfhp( Fp pna cmztp ec pna }afz {a qpmlma` gqtmd pnfp {ft cfgmlmfz pe dnml`zah tqdn ft @mtha}dlfttmdt, Lmeh Imhk, apd( Pna dnml`zah dazpfmhl} lmia` pnata gqtmdfl taladpmeht, jqp dlafzl} pna}{aza esazl} tpmgqlfpmhk fp pmgat, fh` pna dnml`zah {eql` ja jeqhdmhk fll esaz pna rlfda mh za'trehta pe pna zn}pngt ez tmhkmhk leq`l}( Pna} `m` ne{asaz, lmia pna a~razmahda ec pna tattmeh{mpn pnmt p}ra ec gqtmd( Ne{asaz, pna fqpnez calp pnfp mp gmknp ja pnfp pnaza {ft gqtmd pnfp {ftnaflpnmaz cez jzfmh `}hfgmdt fh` pnfp qpmlmmhk gqtmd pnfp nf` jaah tne{h pe nfsa tdmahpmcmdpnazfraqpmd accadpt gmknp ja geza rze`qdpmsa( Pe pnmt ah`, pna fqpnez jakfh tnmcpmhk pe f hqgjazec degretmpmeht czeg Gefzp, Jfdn, fh` epnaz dlfttmdfl gqtmdmfht( Pnmt tnmcp {ft gap {mpnkzafp dzmat ec àtrfmz czeg pna dnml`zah( Ne{asaz, {mpn raztmtpahda pna tnmcp {ft fddegrlmtna`(J} pna ah` ec pna }afz, pna dnml`zah%tpqàhp+t {aza zavqatpmhk pnamz cfsezmpa Gefzp taladpmeht(

Tega rzacazza` pna rmfhe degretmpmeht, epnazt pna smelmh( Pna fqpnez {eql` flle{ `mccazahp tpq'àhpt pe pfia pqzht gfimhk pna taladpmeh fp pna jakmhhmhk ec pna pnazfr} tattmeh( Ha~p }afz, {a{mll a~rfh` pna gqtmdfl taladpmeht pe mhdlqà pna tdmahpmcmdfll} àtmkha` gqtmd j} TpasahNflrazh, pna gqtmd ec Zfsm Tnfhifz fh` epnaz ha{ fka gqtmdfl taladpmeht( Mh pna rlfhp'gqtmdzatafzdn pna gqtmd ec Zfsm Tnfhifz nf` pna getp rzeceqh` accadp eh pna kze{pn ec rlfhpt( Gqtmdmt f re{azcql ga`mqg fh` mp oqtp gf} ja pnfp pna degjmhfpmeh ec *jzfmh'naflpn}'gqtmd* {mpn pnalmknp'teqh` mhpazsahpmeht {mll mhdzafta pna jahacmp ec jepn pna gqtmd fh` lmknp'teqh` mhpazsah'pmeh(

Hafz pna ah` ec pna }afz {a mhpze`qda` p{e f``mpmehfl mhpazsahpmeht pnfp frrafz rzegmtmhkfh` {mll ja dehpmhqa` fh` a~rleza` mh pna celle{mhk fdfàgmd }afz( Pnata {aza Agepmeh Czaa

Pnazfr} fh` Nafzp Gfpn( Agepmeh Czaa Pnazfr} mt f rzeda`qza pnfp mhselsat pfrrmhk eh sfzmeqtfdqrqhdpqza remhpt {nmla nel`mhk `mtpqzja` pneqknpt ez caalmhkt mh dehtdmeqthatt( Pna pfrrmhkmt pneqknp pe zahezgflma pna pneqknp'agepmeh cmal` pnfp mt fddatta` j} pqhmhk mh pe pna rzejlagpneqknp fh` ez caalmhkt( Sfzmeqt dnml`zah taaga` vqmpa zatrehtmsa pe pnata mhpazsahpmeht fh` mpfrrafzt pnfp pna} nel` f kzafp àfl ec rzegmta( Ehda fkfmh dnml`zah, ehda pfqknp pna rzeda`qza,{eql` trehpfhaeqtl} qta pna rzeda`qzat pe f``zatt hakfpmsa caalmhkt pnfp eddqzza` ampnaz fpnega ez fp tdneel( Eha cmcpn kzfà tpqàhp mh rfzpmdqlfz qta` pnag a~pahtmsal} fh` {eql` cza'vqahpl} pafdn nmt raazt ne{ pe qta pnag pe f``zatt


18/26

pnamz agepmehfl `}tcqhdpmeh(

Nafzp Gfpn {ft ejpfmha` fp pna ah` ec pna }afz fh` {ft qta` eh f saz} lmgmpa` jftmt( Mppafdnat pna tqjoadp ne{ pe t}hdnzehma pnamz nafzp zfpa( Mp mt f cezg ec jmecaa`jfdi fh` nft fdehtmàzfjla fgeqhp ec mgrzattmsa zatafzdn mh jepn dnml` fh` f`qlp rerqlfpmeht( Mp mhselsat

lafzhmhk pe mhmpmfpa fh` nel` retmpmsa caalmhkt {nah tpzatta`, lafzhmhk frrzerzmfpa jzafpn rfp'pazht, fh` lmtpahmhk pe tradmcmdfll} àtmkha` gqtmd( Pna gqtmd {ft àtmkha` j} @ed Dnml`za,ceqhàz ec Nafzp Gfpn Mhtpmpqpa, pe tradmcmdfll} rzegepa zalf~fpmeh fh` nafzp t}hdnzehmfpmeh(Pna jmecaa`jfdi rezpmeh mhcezgt pna tqjoadp {nah pna rzeda`qzat fza {ezimhk fh` pna nafzp tmk'hfl mt t}hdnzehma`(

Mh tqggfz}, mp {ft f dlafz dehdlqtmeh pnfp pnata dnml`zah rzatahp f saz} tazmeqt fh` rzeceqh`dnfllahka fh` pnfp he eha mhpazsahpmeh mt pna pepfl fht{az( Ft {mpn lftp }afz, mp {ft saz} dlafzpnfp jepn pna rfzahpfl mhselsagahp fh` pna `mapfz} mttqat {aza dzqdmfl pe f``zatt( Dfl`{allTdneel @mtpzmdp nft f saz} tmafjla resazp} zm`àh rerqlfpmeh {mpn fll ec pna fppah`fhp cfgml}fh` tedmfl `}tcqhdpmeh( Mp nft jadega mhdzaftmhkl} dlafz pnfp pna rzejfjmlmp} ec pna dnml` gfimhk

tmkhmcmdfhp rzekzatt mt nmknl} lmhia` pe pna rfzahpfl {mllmhkhatt pe dnfhka pna `map mh f naflpn}`mzadpmeh( Mh rzmsfpa `mtdqttmeh {mpn jepn @z( Rfql T{mhkla fh` Gmdnfal Oe}da, pna} dehdqzza`pnfp pna `mapfz} mttqa mt saz} dahpzfl pe fccadpmhk lehk pazg dnfhka mh pnata dnml`zah( Flte pnakzafpaz pna rfzahpfl mhselsagahp {mpn pna rzekzfg, pna kzafpaz lmialmnee` pnfp pna fjesaàtdzmja` mhpazsahpmeh {mll nfsa f tqddattcql eqpdega( Pneta dnml`zah {ne {a nfsa qta` jepnhaqzecaa`jfdi fh` FST mhpazsahpmeh fh` pna rfzahp fddegrfhma` pna dnml` pe pna pnazfr} tat'tmeh fh` {eql` celle{ jepn pna `mapfz} fh` rfzahpmhk tqkkatpmeht, gfà j} cfz pna kzafpatp rze'kzatt(

Pnaza mt eha f``mpmehfl pnazfraqpmd rzeda`qza pnfp {a qpmlma` mh dehoqhdpmeh {mpn f rzmsfpadlmhmdfl rt}dnelekmtp( [a nf` a~nfqtpa` fll pnazfraqpmd mhpazsahpmeh pnfp {a nf` fp eqz `mtretfl

{mpn Ffzeh( Ffzeh {ft saz} zatmtpmsa pe jepn haqzecaa`jfdi fh` FST( Na zatmtpa` fll zafteh'fjla fh` dehtmtpahp accezpt( Pna cfgml} a~rleza` `mapfz} mhpazsahpmeht, cee` fllazk} tdzaahmhkfh` pnah zagesfl ec pna eccah`mhk fllazkmd cee`t, ft {all ft tega nega rfzahpmhk tqkkatpmeht(Asah {mpn fll ec pnata mhpazsahpmeht Ffzeh zagfmha` pna pazzez fh` jfha ec pna ahpmza tpfcc fp pnatdneel( Na {ft zacazza` cez fppfdngahp pnazfr}, {nmdn mhselsa` pna nel`mhk rzeda`qza, cezgazl}ihe{h ft Zfka Za`qdpmeh Pnazfr}( [mpnmh 1 ez 3 tattmeht, Ffzeh {ft f dnfhka` je}( Na{eql` deerazfpa {mpn eqz pnazfraqpmd mhpazsahpmeh, jadfga f rlaftfhp dnml` pe ja fzeqh` fh` pnatdneel tpfcc {ft cmhfll} rlafta` fh` zalmasa`(

]eq gf} dehpfdp @z( Dqhhmhknfg fp? oaz>Bgmh`trzmhk(deg

Der}zmknp? L( Oazz} Dqhhmhknfg, Rn(@(, Dfl`{all, M`fne % Fqkqtp :226


19/26

Razmrnazfl Pzfhda

j} Gmdnfal Tpasaht

Pnmt mttqat+ permd mt kemhk pe ja te tmgrla pnfp gfh} raerla gf} tmgrl} `mtgmtt mp ft tega'pnmhk hep {ezpn a~razmgahpmhk {mpn( Rlafta a~razmgahp {mpn pnmt padnhmvqa& Fljamp tmgrla, mp mteha ec pna getp RE[AZCQL lmppla pzmdit M fg f{fza ecqta mp&

Cmztp, lap+t desaz {n} }eq {eql` {fhp pe lafzh pnmt( Ne{ {eql` }eq lmia pe nfsa fh aft} pelafzh fh` è, tmgrla, vqmdi, padnhmvqa pnfp }eq dfh è fh}pmga, fh}{naza pnfp mt tfca, accadpmsa,cqh, dehtmtpahp, fh` zalmfjla5 F padnhmvqa pnfp pnfp flle{t }eq pe gfmhpfmh f tpfpa ec *zalf~a`flazphatt* pnfp }eq dfh qta pe mhtpfhpl} zalafta fh} hakfpmsa talc pfli, nalr }eq cedqt }eqz fppah'pmeh fh` f{fzahatt {naza mp mt haaà`, fh` lafzh fh` zadfll mhcezgfpmeh fp laftp p{mda ftvqmdil}& [a+ll flte `mtdqtt ne{ pe mhpakzfpa pnmt padnhmvqa {mpn f lmknp fh` teqh` tattmeh te pnfp}eq+ll kap geza ahoe}gahp fh` geza accadpmsahatt czeg }eqz tattmeht( ]eq+ll flte lafzh ne{

pe qta pnmt padnhmvqa pe ja geza *mh pna gegahp* {mpn }eqz tattmeht .{nmdn mhtpfhpl} dqpt eccfh} a~pazhfl `mtpzfdpmeht ez pneqknpt }eq è hep àtmza-(

[nfp mt mp5 Razmrnazfl Pzfhda mt, mh mp+t tmgrlatp pazgt, cedqtmhk eha+t fppahpmeh pe pnamz ra'zmrnazfl smtmeh( Pnmt tgfll, aft} fdpmeh {màht eha+t cmal` ec sma{ fh` f{fzahatt( F gml` pzfhda{mll qtqfll} eddqz, fh` pnfp mt f kee` pnmhk( Razmrnazfl Pzfhda mt ecpah àtdzmja` j} g} dlmahptft f caalmhk ec *zalf~a` flazphatt*(

He{ naza+t {nfp pna fgfmhk jahacmpt czeg pnmt fza(Pna fjmlmp} pe cedqt ahazk} .mhdlq`mhkfppahpmeh-, fh` pna fjmlmp} pe nfsa fh ahoe}fjla tpfpa ec gmh` fza JEPN }eqzt ft lehk ft gfmh'pfmh razmrnazfl pzfhda( Lap ga a~rlfmh( Pnmt tpfpa ec gmh` mt f{atega cez lafzhmhk ha{ mhcezgf'

pmeh( Flcza` Iez}jtim tfm` mh nmt jeei *Tdmahda fh` Tfhmp}* pnfp *Fll lafzhmhk mt tpfpaàrahàhp*( Pnmt gafht pnfp }eq zadfll mhcezgfpmeh aftmatp {nah }eq+za mh pna tfga tpfpa ecgmh` ft }eq {aza {nah }eq lafzha` pna mhcezgfpmeh( Mc }eq nfsa f dehtmtpahp, zalmfjla tpfpa ecgmh` pnfp }eq dfh fddatt {nah }eq+za lafzhmhk mhcezgfpmeh FH@ haa`mhk pe zadfll mp, }eqtneql` ja fjla pe rzedatt pnfp mhcezgfpmeh gqdn geza accadpmsal} fh` aftml} .fh` nfsa geza cqhèmhk mp- pnfh mc }eq nfsa mhdehtmtpahp, qhzalmfjla tpfpat ec gmh`(

Tega ec }eq gf} hep qhàztpfh` {nfp M gafh j} mhdehtmtpahp fh` qhzalmfjla tpfpat ec gmh`(Te, cez a~fgrla, }eq+za tpq`}mhk cez tega tezp ec {zmppah a~fg( [nah }eq fza tpq`}mhk cez pnagfpazmflt mh pna degcezp ec }eqz e{h nega, }eq pah` pe ga geza zalf~a`, jqp {nah }eq kap mhpepnfp mhpmgm`fpmhk dlftt zeeg, gf} raerla tegapmgat oqtp ke jlfhi fh` dfh+p zadfll fh}pnmhk ja'

dfqta ec patp pfimhk fh~map}( EQDN& Pnmt tmpqfpmeh mt ecpah {nfp nfrraht {nah gmh` tpfpatèh+p gfpdn( Pna tpfpa pnfp pna mhcezgfpmeh {ft lafzha` mh .jamhk zalf~a` fp nega- {ft hep pnatfga ft pna tpfpa {nah mp haaà` pe ja zadflla` .caalmhk fh~meqt mh pna dlfttzeeg-( Pnmt mt ja'dfqta ec mhdehtmtpahp .gafhmhk pnfp pna gahpfl tpfpat `m` hep gfpdn- fh` qhzalmfjla .jadfqta}eq dfh+p dehtdmeqtl} zarze`qda pna tpfpa pna gfpazmfl {ft lafzha` mh- tpfpat ec gmh`(

Naza+t ne{ pe è mp& Cmztp, cmh` tega tezp ec cedfl remhp( Getp deggehl}, M nfsa raerla cedqteh f trep eh f {fll .mc pnaza mt f {fll


20/26

rzatahp-( Pna aftmatp {f} pe è pnmt {nah }eq cmztp tpfzp mt pe gfia f *trep* .qtqfll} f lfzkajlfdi, telm` dmzdla, fjeqp : mhdnat mh `mfgapaz- eh f 4~1 mhà~ dfz` fh` pfra mp eh f {fll, te pnfppna dfz` mt fjeqp 01 àkzaat fjesa a}a lasal(

Tadeh`, tmgrl} cedqt eh pnfp trep eh pna {fll( Lap pnfp trep jadega pna dahpaz ec }eqz ahpmza

qhmsazta( Rqp fll }eqz cedqt eh pnfp trep eh pna {fll(

Pnmz`, {nah fll }eqz cedqt fh` ahazk} mt eh pnfp trep eh pna {fll, tle{l} tpfzp trzaf`mhk }eqzf{fzahatt fzeqh` }eq( Trzaf` }eqz f{fzahatt fll pna {f} eqp pe pna a`kat ec }eqz razmrnazflsmtmeh( Pnah {zfr }eqz f{fzahatt fzeqh` }eqz je`}, fh` trzaf` mp janmh` }eq qhpml }eqz f{fza'hatt mt trzaf` mh afdn fh` asaz} `mzadpmeh, mhdlq`mhk fjesa }eq fh` jale{ }eq(

Ceqzpn, ehda }eq nfsa }eqz f{fzahatt degrlapal} a~rfhà`, zagagjaz pna teqh` pnfp fhfmzpmknp dehpfmhaz gfiat {nah dleta`, fh` tafl mh pnmt caalmhk ec a~rfhà` f{fzahatt(

Deel, nqn&

Pnmt padnhmvqa nft tqddattcqll} jaah qta` pe kap pfia dfza ec F@@%F@N@, fh~map}, tmgrlahakfpmsa agepmeht, fh` f g}zmf` ec epnaz pnmhkt& Mh pna dlftt zeeg, tpqàhpt {ne qta pnmt padn'hmvqa p}rmdfll} nfsa pnamz kzfà remhp fsazfka zfmta 6(1 remhpt .a(k( czeg f *D* pe f *J)*-(

Pe a~rfh` pna rettmjmlmpmat, pnmt padnhmvqa dfh ja aftml} qta` {mpn FST tattmeht( Pna jatppmga pe qta razmrnazfl pzfhda {mpn FST mt mc }eq nfsa `mccmdqlp} *kappmhk mhpe* f tattmeh( ]eqgf} ja tpfzpmhk f tattmeht {nmla nfsmhk epnaz {ezzmat eh }eqz gmh` pnfp pna `f} jzeqknp( Mh pnmtdfta, tmgrl} qta f *trep* mh pna g}zmf` ec rfppazht czeg pna lmknp czfgat fh` ke mhpe pnapadnhmvqa(

Mp mt flte qtacql pe qta pnmt padnhmvqa mc }eq {mtn pe gfmhpfmh dehpzel mc qhzatelsa` hakfpmsaagepmeht tq`àhl} rer qr `qzmhk f tattmeh( Mc pnmt nfrraht, razmrnazfl pzfhda dfh vqmdil} jzmhk}eq jfdi pe f dflg, dahpaza`, zateqzdacql tpfpa(

Mc }eq {fhp pe a~razmahda f tezp ec *pn{fdimhk* `qzmhk fh FST tattmeh, tmgrl} flpazhfpa zfr'm`l} jap{aah razmrnazfl pzfhda fh` cesafl smtmeh( Pe è pnmt, a~rfh` }eqz f{fzahatt, pnah rqll mpfll jfdi pe pnfp tmhkla trep mh czehp ec }eq .fp pnmt remhp, }eq tneql` ja degrlapal} qhf{fza ecfh}pnmhk mh razmrnazfl smtmeh-, pnah zfrm`l} a~rfh` }eqz f{fzahatt fkfmh(

Nfsa cqh {mpn pnmt padnhmvqa, fh` rlafta dehpfdp ga mc }eq nfsa fh} caa`jfdi ez vqatpmeht&Qta razmrnazfl pzfhda fll }eq {fhp( Pnaza mt he lmgmp pe pna fgeqhp ec pmgat }eq dfh qta mp mh

lmca( Lap ga ihe{ fjeqp fh} ha{ qtat }eq cmh` cez mp&

Gmdnfal Tpasaht mt f Dazpmcma` Gftpaz Rzfdpmpmehaz ec HLR, Dazpmcma` Gftpaz N}rhepmtp, fh` Daz'pmcma` Gftpaz Rzfdpmpmehaz ec Pmga Lmha Pnazfr}( Na mt pna rzatmàhp ec nmt degrfh}% cqh cfd'pez}, Gmh` AC^, {nmdn tradmflmat mh gfimhk pzfhda'cezgfpmeh ahpazpfmhmhk( Gmh` AC^ dfh jadehpfdpa` j} dfllmhk .>6>- 43;'>00;, eqptmà pna Let Fhkalat fzaf PELL CZAA fp .>33- GMH@AC^


21/26

.303'444=-( Smtmp Gmh` AC^ eh pna {aj fp {{{(gmhàc~(deg F`frpa` czeg gfpazmfl j} PfÒfgat% F`sfhda` Haqze @}hfgmdt Der}zmknp :226% Gmdnfal Tpasaht Der}zmknp :226 GmhÀC^

Zacazahdat

Iezj}ti}, Flcza`( .6=44-( Tdmahda fh` Tfhmp}.6tp a`mpmeh-

Lfhdftpaz? Pna Mhpazhfpmehfl Heh'Fzmtpepalmfh Lmjzfz} Rqjlmtnmhk Degrfh}

/ / / / / / / /

Ha{ Rze`qdpt Mhcezgfpmeh?

Mhtmà pna ha{ Rzepaqt A`mpez fh` erazfpmhk t}tpag qrkzfà

Pna pzeqjla {mpn pnmt qrkzfà tavqahda {ft pnfp {a iarp pnmhimhk ec hafp ha{ cafpqzat pef`` ' tega ec {nmdn peei geza pnfh f gehpn pe deà, àjqk fh` patp& Ne{asaz, {a+sa dfrra`pna cafpqza tap, {zmppah tega zafl èdqgahpfpmeh, fh` nfsa retpa` pna zatqlpt pe pna Tecp{fzatadpmeh ec {{{(t}hapmdt}tpagt(deg%rzepaqt zateqzdat(npg( Mhdlqàt p{e degrehahpt? pnaRzepaqt erazfpmhk t}tpag .ET- fh` pna Rzepaqt A`mpez rzekzfg cez [mhè{t( ]eq dfh qrkzfàpna ET `mzadpl} czeg pna a`mpez ' mp pfiat oqtp f ca{ gegahpt ' fh` pnmt f``t tqrrezp cez pna ha{cafpqzat( Naza+t f jzmac lmtp ec {nfp {a+sa f`à`?

' Mhàrahàhp czavqahd} dehpzel ec pna p{e delez dnfhhalt, mh f``mpmeh pe zafl'pmga delez dzett'cfàt jap{aah za` fh` kzaah( Pnmt flle{t }eq pe tap pna za` fh` kzaah dnfhhalt pe degrlapal}mhàrahàhp czavqahdmat ' he{ }eq dfh tmgqlpfhaeqtl} almdmp p{e `mccazahp jzfmhtpfpat, ez {mpnel`'tp}la gehednzega klfttat, tap pna lacp fh` zmknp a}at pe pnamz e{h zfpat(

' Zafl'pmga tattmeh a`mpmhk fh` rzasma{mhk qtmhk f raztehfl degrqpaz .[mhè{t => ez lfpaz-(Qta pnmt pe patp takgahpt, kzeqrt ec takgahpt, pna ahpmza rzekzfg ((( ez oqtp pna takgahp tpfzp ezcmhmtn rfzfgapazt( Fjtelqpal} attahpmfl cez dzafpmhk fh` patpmhk }eqz tattmeht, `qa pe pna*zafl' pmga* mhpazfdpmeh(

' Jmecaa`jfdi dehpzel ec getp tattmeh rfzfgapazt( Rettmjl} pna getp re{azcql ec fll ha{ caf'

pqzat, qta pnmt pe dehtpzqdp caa`jfdi leert jap{aah Rzepaqt fh` Pneqknptpzafg .fh` cqpqza jme'caa`jfdi àsmdat-( Mgfkmha dzafpmhk tattmeht `qzmhk {nmdn pna lmknpt tle{ è{h fh` cfà eqp ft}eq zalf~ ((( Jqp traa` qr fkfmh mc }eq tpfzp pe cfll ftlaar( Ez, flpazhfpa jap{aah jmecaa`jfdi fh`lmknp%teqh` tpmgqlfpmeh( Kzafp errezpqhmp} cez }eq pe a~azdmta }eqz dzafpmsmp} naza&

' Tadeh` gagez} jfhi .Q~~- f`à` cez f``mpmehfl cla~mjmlmp}( Iaar pna cfdpez} tattmeht mh pnaRzmgfz} jfhi, pzfhtcaz }eqz e{h mhpe pna Qpmlmp} jfhi(


22/26

' Pepfl rettmjla mhpazhfl tattmeht mhdzafta` pe 6==( Rzejfjl} geza pnfh }eq {mll asaz qta(

' @qfl jmhfqzfl jafpt erpmeh cez pneta ec }eq {ne {mtn pe a~razmgahp {mpn pnata( Ec deqzta }eqdfh dzafpa }eqz e{h {fsacezgt {mpn pna {fsacezg a`mpez fh` qta pneta pe dzafpa }eqz *jafpt*(Mgfkmha f``mhk oqtp f lmppla nfzgehmd dehpahp pe f tmha {fsa, pnah qtmhk pnfp pe dzafpa *hatpa`*

jmhfqzfl jafp tavqahdat(

' Zfhègmaz peel vqmdil} dzafpat tattmeht {nmdn sfz} zfhègl} {mpnmh rzekzfggfjla deh'tpzfmhpt( Cez a~fgrla, dzafpa f ha{ tattmeh {mpn 42 takgahpt, pnah zfhègma pna tpmgqlfpmehrfppazht jap{aah 64 fh` 6> N pe *japf'razi*(

' Tattmeh pfjlat dfh ja rzmhpa` eqp cez aft} zacazahda(

' Tqrrlagahpfl deggfh`t nfsa jaah f`à` ' pnata flle{ tqraz'rzadmta dehpzel ec rqlta zfpa.2(:2 pe 16(6 N, {mpn 2(26 N esazfll zatelqpmeh-, a~rfhà` fq`me rmpdn .02(2 pe ===(= N {mpn2(6 N zatelqpmeh- fh` jzmknphatt, selqga .2 pe :11, zatelqpmeh ec 6-(

' Zaezkfhma` takgahp a`mpmhk tdzaah(

' Ahnfhda` dqp'fh`'rftpa a`mpmhk dfrfjmlmpmat(

' Fjmlmp} pe gfia klejfl dnfhkat pe ia} tattmeh rfzfgapazt ' oqtp nmknlmknp pna takgahpt }eq{mtn pe dnfhka fh` zmknp'dlmdi eh pna clfk }eq {fhp pe dnfhka(

[nfp+t ha~p5 [all, {a+ll zasfgr fh` a~rfh` pna pqpezmflt eh eqz tmpa, fh` raznfrt ec geza mh'pazatp pe getp qtazt, f`` geza tattmeht( [a+za dehtmàzmhk f dehpatp {mpn rzmat pe pneta {ne{zmpa pna getp mhpazatpmhk tattmeht, fh` {a {eql` lmia pe ja dehpfdpa` j} rzecattmehflt {ne

{eql` lmia pe lmdahta rzekzfgt cez `mtpzmjqpmeh pe epnazt(

F gfmh cedqt {mll ja eh pna jmecaa`jfdi dehpzel dfrfjmlmpmat ' pnmt saz} re{azcql cafpqza nel`tgqdn rzegmta( Fh` {a+za rqppmhk eqz cmhmtnmhk peqdnat eh f ha{, gqlpmdnfhhal jmecaa`jfdit}tpag, {nmdn {mll flte mhpazcfda {mpn Rzepaqt(

Gahpfl Kfgat 4(2 rzasma{(

Gahpfl Kfgat 4(2 {mll teeh ja zaf`} cez zalafta ' pnmt {mll mhdlqà f hqgjaz ec nalrcql ha{ge`qlat, mhdlq`mhk f re{azcql raztehfl `fpfjfta {mpn razcezgfhda pzfdimhk fh` zarezpmhk dfrf'jmlmpmat( Pett eqp }eqz rfraz lektnaapt& Zalafta `fpa? Tarpagjaz(

A@F Jmetdfh qrkzfà czeg Degrpzehmd @asmdat Lmgmpa`

Pna zatrehta pe eqz ha{l} àtmkha` A@F Jmetdfh nft jaah pzagahèqt( Raerla fza zafll} a~'dmpa` fjeqp pna jfz'kzfrn fh` ha{ tp}lmhk( [a è nfsa tega ec eqz rzasmeqt geàlt fsfmlfjlafp f 12! `mtdeqhp( Lmgmpa` vqfhpmpmat(


23/26

@FSM@ Rfzf`mta ^L % DAT

[a fhpmdmrfpa j} Tarpagjaz nfsmhk eqz ha{ Rfzf`mta ^L % DAT àsmda zaf`}( Pnmt {mll ja fRfzf`mta ^L {mpn pna Eftmt jqmlp mh& Cez }eqz tfcap} .tnedi nffz`-, {a fza kemhk pe dehpmhqa pe

qta pna = selp jfppaz} fh` erpe'mtelfpmeh ft {a è he{ {mpn pna Eftmt( Pna dfta {mll jftmdfll} japna tfga ft pna Rfzf`mta lmknp fh` teqh` àsmdat, jqp f jmp pnmdiaz pe fddegge`fpa pna = selpjfppaz}( Pna DAT rfzp dfh ja zqh mhàrahàhpl} fp 62 N .naflpn} flrnf- ez pna Rfzf`mta ^Lgf} ja erazfpa` eh mpt e{h, ez jepn gf} ja t}hdnzehma`(

Czaaa'Czfgaz

Degrpzehmd nft he{ f`à` *Czaaa'Czfgaz* pe pnamz delladpmeh ec vqflmp} rze`qdpt( Mp dehtmtptec f tgfll nafzp jafp gehmpez pnfp rlqkt mhpe pna DEG rezp ec }eqz degrqpaz fh` f D@ ZEG(Pna tecp{fza mt aft} pe qta fh` pna mhtpzqdpmeh jeei mt saz} dlafz fh` dehdmta eh ne{ pe jzafpna

rzerazl}( Pna Czaaa'Czfgaz gehmpezt }eqz nafzp zfpa sfzmfjmlmp} fh` rzesmàt f tqggfz} ecne{ accadpmsa }eqz nafzp%jzafpnmhk zn}pngt fza( Mp mhdlqàt tega jftmd *kfgat* pnfp dfh jarlf}a` {mpn }eqz nafzp zn}png( Pna cezatp, {nmdn tpfzpt ecc mh jlfdi fh` {nmpa, mt @fsa+t cfsez'mpa( Ft }eq è {all, delezcql cle{azt frrafz celle{a` j} f {fpazcfll, zfmhje{ fh` cezatp fhm'gflt, fll mh lmsmhk delez( Zapfmlt cez 4=1(22 QT fh` 1=1(22 D@H(

Pnmhimhk Dfr

Teeh, Degrpzehmd {mll ja gaftqzmhk dazajzfl jlee` cle{ ez nageahdarnflekzfrn} .NAK- mh

dehoqhdpmeh {mpn VAAKt cez eqz FST zatafzdn( Pna NAK àsmda, dflla` pna *Pnmhimhk Dfr*,{ft àsalera` j} Naztnal Peegmh ec pna Jmedegr Zatafzdn Mhtpmpqpa( Mp dehtmtpt ec f tpzfr {mpnf tgfll hafz mhczf'za` agmppaz fh` zadamsaz, trfda` flehk pna tpzfr fjeqp 6 mhdn .: dg-frfzp( Mp+t f cqll jle{h haqzecaa`jfdi t}tpag( Ft dazajzfl jlee` cle{ mt mhdzafta` lmknp mtjledia` j} pna jlee` fh` pnmt mt tne{h eh pna degrqpaz tdzaah( Teeh pnmt t}tpag {mll ja fjla pemhpazcfda {mpn pna fccez`fjla JzfmhGftpaz( [a nfsa flzaf`} nf` eqz JzfmhGftpaz ge`mcma` pefddegge`fpa pna Pnmhimhk Dfr fh` fza f{fmpmhk pna fzzmsfl ec pna tecp{fza, `qa tnezpl}(Zapfmlt cez ==1(22 QT fh` 6,0=1(22 D@H(

Pna ha{ Lmcatdfrat Rzekzfgt( [nfp& Geza FST rzekzfgt5 @eh+p {a nfsa aheqkn flzaf`}5

Pnata fza he ez`mhfz} rzekzfgt, pna} fza f dzafpmeh j} Peel+t lmknp fh` teqh` tradmflmtp, OaccLfjhe( Oacc nft jaah èmhk rzekzfggmhk cez p{e àdfàt, te na nft gfh} mhtmknpt {nmdn dfhjahacmp fll ec qt(

Pnata rzekzfgt fza f{atega? pna} fza a~pzagal} smtqfl jepn mh pna jakmhhmhk fh` pna ah`9àtmkha` pe kap fh}eha+t fppahpmeh zmknp f{f}( Pna} vqmdil} pfia }eq è{h mhpe f àar n}rhepmdtpfpa ec zatp, pnah jzmhk }eq mhpe pna pfzkap ehat ez pna pnaga fzaft ec afdn rzekzfg(


24/26

Oacc rfppazha` pnata rzekzfgt fcpaz pna gfsazmdi gfdnmha, pna T}hdnze'Ahazkmaz( Na {ft fjlape pfia fhflek rzekzfggmhk *zafl'pmga* fh` qta f `mkmpfl cezgfp( Pnata rzekzfgt fza f kzafpdehpzmjqpmeh pe FST jadfqta mp mt pna cmztp pmga pnfp gfmhtpzafg haa`t fza gap {mpn *pmga'patpa`* rzekzfgt pnfp zafll} {ezi( Cez Rnepetehm~ gfdnmhat ehl}(

@mtd $6 Dehvqazmhk Lmca+t Dnfhkat? Gesmhk Eh .`msezda, oej dnfhkat, jfhizqrpd}, gesmhk,lett ec f czmah` ez cfgml} gagjaz, tqmdmà ec f lesa` eha-9 Mhpazraztehfl Zalfpmehtnmrt.zegfhda, àflmhk {mpn *degmhk eqp*, cfgml} dehclmdpt-9 Tpfka Czmknp .jqtmhatt gaapmhk rzarfzf'pmeh, kappmhk zaf`} pe kmsa f razcezgfhda, rzarfzmhk cez fh mhpazsma{-9 Talc'Atpaag .letmhk{amknp, nfh`lmhk mhnazahp ejatmp}, talc'{ezpn, hep jamhk nfrr} {mpn eha+t talc-9 Trezpt Razcezg'fhda .smtqflmmhk keflt, rafi razcezgfhda, kappmhk mh pna eha, jamhk degcezpfjla {mpn }eqze{h fjmlmpmat fh` lmgmpfpmeht-( $;1413 :0(=1

@mtd $: Dehvqazmhk Lmca+t Dzmtat? Rza % Retp Erazfpmsa .gmhmgmmhk {ezz}, gf~mgmmhk nafl'mhk-9 Dnzehmd Mllhatt .àflmhk {mpn dfhdaz, FM@T fh` epnaz lmca'pnzafpahmhk mllhattat-9 Fkmhk.`mgmhmtna` ah`qzfhda, qhtfpmtcfdpez} ta~qfl razcezgfhda, pzeqjla {mpn gagez}-9 Pzfqgf

.fddmàhpt, dermhk {mpn pna tnedi, tpfzpmhk pe nafl-9 @afpn # @}mhk .pna cafz, rzarfzmhk cez mp,àflmhk {mpn pna fcpazgfpn-( $;141; :0(=1

Pna Haqzerneha( [nfp cqh& ]eq kap mhtpfhp ahazk}, fh` lept ec mp( Mgfkmha rlqkkmhk mhpe }eqzcfsezmpa D@t fh` mhtpfhpl} }eq caal ahazkma`, flazp, fh` cqll ec lmca&

Qtmhk pna Haqzerneha {mpn FST mt f nmkn'padn qlpzf lafzhmhk f`sfhdagahp( Mc }eq {fhp tq'raz' cftp lafzhmhk, mgga`mfpa àlmsaz} pe pna jzfmh, fh` f *he'jzfmhaz* gfimhk lafzhmhk accezp'latt, pnah pnmt rqrr} mt cez }eq( Pzfht`qdazt smjzfpa pna timh tpmgqlfpmhk pfdpmla zadarpezt, {nmdn

fdpmsfpa fh ahpmzal} `mccazahp rfzp ec pna jzfmh pnfh mhrqp czeg pna afzt( Rfpzmdi Clfhfkfh mh'sahpa` pna Haqzerneha {nah na {ft ehl} 64 }afzt el` fh` {ft nazflà` j} Lmca Gfkfmha ft*eha ec pna per tdmahpmtpt mh pna {ezl`*(

*M dfh raztehfll} tf} pnfp pnmt padnhelek} nft pnezeqknl} dnfhka` g} lmca( Jafp czavqahdmatpfia accadp cfz geza vqmdil}( Qtmhk lafzhmhk pfrat tqdn ft cezamkh lfhkqfkat, kqmà` smtqflmf'pmeh, ez }eqz cfsezmpa gqtmd ahnfhdat }eqz a~razmahda tqdn pnfp }eq fdnmasa cfz àaraz tpfpat mhtnezpaz razme`t ec pmga( ]eqz ahazk} lasal fddalazfpat zfrm`l} fh` vqmdil} {nah qtmhk pna Haq'zerneha(* 'Oacc Lfjhe( $;163: >=1(22

Pna JmeDmzdqmpt( Mc }eq {fhp pe *qr'pna'fgrt* ec }eqz raztehfl tattmeh, pnmt *heh'rlqk'mh' pna'{fll* padnhelek} mt f gqtp( Pe qta pna JmeDmzdqmpt, }eq lf} è{h nel`mhk derraz nfh`lat .ehamh afdn nfh`- {mpn {mzat dehhadpmhk pnag pe derraz tdzaaht .eha rlfda` qhàz afdn ceep%fhila-(Pna} {aza àsmta` pe fddalazfpa rn}tmdfl naflmhk(

[nfp mt mgrzattmsa fjeqp pna Dmzdqmpt mt pnfp }eq caal {fsat ec ahazk} gesmhk pnzeqkneqp}eqz ahpmza je`}( Pnata {fsat ec ahazk} fza zalf~mhk fh` hqzpqzmhk, rze`qdmhk {nfp caalt lmia fnaflmhk dedeeh ec ahazk} fzeqh` }eq(


25/26

]eqz tattmeht {mll ja gqdn geza smtqfl fh` }eqz tpfpat ec zatp {mll ja àaraz fh` geza zaoq'sahfpmhk( Pz} Tdnqgfhh Zatehfhda rzekzfgt {mpn pna Dmzdqmpt, }eq+ll ja pzql} pzfhtcm~a`( JftmdDerraz Dmzdqmp $TJ62: 62=(=1

Pna Teqh` Naflpn Tazmat mt pna jatp teqh` tazmat {a+sa nafz` mh f saz} lehk pmga( Pna} rqp }eqmgga`mfpal} mhpe dlafz fh` cedqta` tpfpat, àrah`mhk eh pna D@ }eq dneeta(

Pnmt tazmat dehpfmht afdn ec pna celle{mhk *pnaga D@t*? lafzhmhk, rze`qdpmsmp}, gepmsfpmeh,zalf~fpmeh, mhtrmzfpmeh, à'tpzattmhk, dehdahpzfpmeh fh` pnmhimhk( Pna dlfttmdfl rmadat {aza za'{zmppah fh` razcezga` j} pna Fzdnfhkalet Dnfgjaz Ezdnatpzf(

[a+sa pzma` pnata D@t {mpn FST gfdnmhat fh` pna gqtmd vqmdil} pzfhtcezgt }eqz gee` te}eq dfh dlfzmc} }eqz keflt fh` ejoadpmsat( Pnata zadez`mhkt fza ec tqrazj dlfzmp}, fh` pna raz'cezgfhda ec pna gqtmd mt eqptpfh`mhk( $;1:0: > D@ tap? 62=(=1

Pna Gepmsfmàz nft jaah fzeqh` cez f saz} lehk pmga nalrmhk raerla( Pnmt padnhelek} mt f àcm'hmpa *tlaaraz*9 mp mt tmgrla, jqp }eq+ll ja tqzrzmta` fp ne{ accadpmsa mp mt( Mgfkmha kemhk saz}àarl} mhpe fh FST tattmeh, pnah pna Gepmsfmàz zagmh`t }eq pnfp he{ mp mt pmga pe cedqt }eqzgmh` eh tegapnmhk tradmcmd(

Mp mt f pmgmhk àsmda, {nmdn smjzfpat eh f tpzeja jftmt, àrah`mhk qreh ne{ }eq tap mp( ]eqdfh tap mp cez oqtp f ca{ tadeh`t pe :0 neqzt( Raerla fza qtmhk mp {mpn pnamz FST tattmeht pe za'gmh` pnag 62 pe 61 gmhqpat mhpe pnamz tattmeh pe tf} fccmzgfpmeht, pe jakmh ga`mpfpmhk ((( flteraerla fza qtmhk mp cez janfsmezfl ge`mcmdfpmeh fcpaz èmhk f tattmeh( Ehda }eq fza geza za'gesa` czeg tpzatt fcpaz èmhk fh FST tattmeh, pnah }eq dfh geza rze`qdpmsal} fdpmsfpa }eqz

tqjdehtdmeqt gmh` {mpn fccmzgfpmeht pnzeqkneqp pna `f}( Tap pna Gepmsfmàz cez :2 gmhqpat fh`mp {mll smjzfpa asaz} :2 gmhqpat zagmh`mhk }eq pe pnmhi ez tf} }eqz fccmzgfpmeht( $G@3261=(12

/ / / / / / / / /

Dflah`fz ec Asahpt

Tarp( ::':3 Tpaht Jmecaa`jfdi Dazpmcmdfpmeh [ezitner, Tfh Czfhdmtde,DF( >22%:1;'>43;

Tarp( :0':3 Degrpzehmd @asmdat Pzfmhmhk [ezitner, A`gehpeh, Dfhf`f

>22%336'3034Tarp( :;':= Tpaht Dezr( % Dnzehmd Rfmh # Naf`fdnat, Tfh Czfhdmtde, DF(

>22%:1;'>43;

Edp( 3'; RzeDegr)%JmeKzfrn [ezitner, Oeal Lqjfz, Rn(@(, Gehpzafl,Vqajad, Dfhf`f, {ezitnertBpneqknppadnhelek}(deg

Edp( 64'6; Tpaht Jmecaa`jfdi Dazpmcmdfpmeh [ezitner, @fllft, P^(>22%:1;'>43;


26/26

Edp( 6>':: Tpaht AAK%Haqzecaa`jfdi Dazpmcmdfpmeh [ezitner, @fllft, P^(>22%:1;'>43;

Edp( :4':1 Tpaht Dezr%AAK Flrnf'Pnapf Haqzecaa`jfdi Pzfmhmhk, @fllft,P^( >22%:1;'>43;

Hes( 1'; Degrpzehmd @asmdat Pzfmhmhk [ezitner, A`gehpeh, Dfhf`f>22%336'3034

@e }eq trehtez FST zalfpa` {ezitnert, tagmhfzt ez dehcazahdat5 Qpmlma eqz czaa retpmhktazsmda j} rzesm`mhk qt {mpn pna qtqfl mhcezgfpmeh? {ne % {nfp % {nah fh` ne{ pe dehpfdp( Cezàf`lmhat eh retpmhk, rlafta dfll? >6>%>46';=46(

/ / / / / / / /

Zafàzt? Fll mhcezgfpmeh dehpfmha` mh pnmt FST Oeqzhfl mt der}zmknpa`( Fll fzpmdlat fza qta`{mpn pna razgmttmeh ec pna fqpnezt( He `qrlmdfpmeh ec pnmt oeqzhfl, mh rfzp ez mh {nela, gf} jagfà {mpneqp rzmez {zmppah dehtahp ec pna zatradpmsa fqpnez.t- ez pna A`mpez( Gmdnfal Lfh`kzfc,pna rqjlmtnaz fh` a`mpez, fh` Oacc Lfjhe, pna gfziapmhk `mzadpez ec pna FST Oeqzhfl, fttqga hezatrehtmjmlmp}, {napnaz cmhfhdmfll} ez epnaz{mta, cez fh} gmtlaf`mhk ez mhdezzadp mhcezgfpmehdehpfmha` {mpnmh pnmt oeqzhfl( [fzhmhk? Raerla {ne fza rnepetahtmpmsa ez armlarpmd, {napnazihe{mhkl} ez hep, tneql` hep qta f rqlta` lmknp àsmda(

ah` ec pa~p

avs journal #1.4

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