aviation's best kept secret

8/7/2019 Aviation's Best Kept Secret

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y in g t h e T h r e e u s k e t e e r s R e n o R a c e se n H h C H 2 0 0 D - N e w T ra in e r C i v i l A i r P a t r o l


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Reprinted with permission ofPrivate Pilot Magazine

AVIATION'SBEST-KEPT SECREI~The C iv il Air Patr ol is m or e than uniform s

Story and pho to s by M ike R ober ts

men tropicalstorm AlbertodrenchedGeorgia withrecord-breakingrains thatbrought floodsmisery anddeath the CAPresponded bJ'land and air.

54 PRIVATE PILOT

T ROA . and the lo ng roOI11adjacent LO the airpo rt ramp i,c r owded with peo ple prepar ing fo r\ ar . A dult and teen-agers uni-fo rm ed in 1I c oll ec tio n o f g re en -c am -

ouflaac and blue unifo rm . stand at ell e bu ta le rt . It '~ a.m. an d th e warm June day woullmake fo r g ood sleeping, but yawn. are abseru.E eryo ne listening,In the middle of the se n of so ld icr ! attire ar em en talk ing ab ut refu lina p ro c ed ur es . o p er a-tio ns tim e. cornmunicaiion f re qu en ci e. - an d. afe t . L isteners are rem inded 1 .l \ t he ir c ap s

n the ram p lest headgear fo ul a pro p o r engine.They 're to ld abo ut to w er , thut co uld cat anUI1\ ar y p il o t" a ir pl an e.

Th n after a waming=-t'Dcnt do nothin'dum b"-Ihcy 're dism issed and Ihe) scatterom e head fo r t rucks and airp lanes, s m e I theradio ro om upstairs, wh ile s til l others sit d WIlto paperwo rk and planning h urd .The date was June I . I 94 . the place wusB risc oe F ie ld n on he ast o f Atlanta and the peo -ple in unifo rm , \ ere abo ut 60 m em bers o f C ivilA ir Patro l unit. from a 'I' )!>~ N o rt he rn G eo rg ia .They and their co unterpar ts in ther I() a l i i n~

Typical of frequent CAP exercises a CAP Cessna taxies out of Briscoe Field, Georgia to surveysimulated hurricane damage during a training exercise.


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u cr oss th e SIUle w er prepar ing I fight t he d is -ustrous af te rma th o f a h ur ri ca ne -s -a m ock o ne .The dt l wen ! well fo r the P ' e rg iaing, The ir Fo rce . w hich r itiqued the exer-cise. g av e th e wing IIgrade o f "excellent: 'The: ulfnir was a timely dr ~s rehearsal- theactual per f rmunce cam e abo ut IW O \ eek. later,when tr pical . t orrn Alber to drenched G orgluwith reco rd-breaking ruins that bro ught flo od .m isery and death . The P respo nded by landand air . It brought ational Guard tr o p. I theafflicted ureas an d unloaded su pp lie s, il set upxhelters fo r I eo ple displaced by the f loods , it'e 1 1 l a team t in peel a threatened dam and it

co ndu cte d u criul . u rve y, o f da mag e.The ai r an d ground IcaU1S, ull unpaid volun-leers like ther AP membe r s , di d t he ir jo bsw ith ou t an y majo r p ro ble m s. P ar tic ip an ts c ou ldbe co rncm w ith a jo b w ell-do ne and the sar i: fuc-lio n o f having helped o thers in need. They hadto he . r r they g Ilillie recogniii n outside theiro rganiza t ion .

BU[ that's no t unusual. M em ber ' o nly half-jokingl refer to UlI! CPa' ne o f mencu sI e st-kept secret. . II gets scant anent i n from thenew media. even a lo t f pilo ts do n't kno w 0it, o r they m isunderstand w hat it is. w hat it do esan d h \ it do e it.THE C IV IL IR P TROL is (I warbaby . bo rn the M onday befo re th eattack o n Pear l H arb I' plunged thenited la te. in to W rid W w ' II. An act fC ongress gave the C AP life and several purpo s-cs. o ne f which seem ed to ant icipuic thenation', ern into W orld W ar 11:H elp d .v ele pm erican a ia tio n and air , uprem ucy .

O ther o bjcc t ives w ere m o re pe a cefu I:Enc uragc i il aviat io n in I cal ommuniticsdevel p v luntary c ruributio ru o r p riv at e c ili -zens to tile public w elfare. pro vide avia tio n edu-

carion and tra in ing and help m eet natio nal andloca l emergencies .Amo ng the CAP'. lir I m i si HI!. under thaichar te r w as helping fight erm an : ubrnarines.By 194_. N azi -bo ats w ere ranging the lengthr th Ea~ICf11 eabo ard and G ulf C oa r r, sinkingan alarm ing num ber r merchant ship . \ ith lo r -pedo e: and anno n lire.t fir st. the CAP's ligh t airc raft w ere useddcfcnsi ely . They flew 0 er shipping lanes.repo rting any pro wling, ubs as w ell us flo under-ing m erchant ships and struggling suito rs. L ater .

The Civil Air Patrol needspilots and non-pilots alike tocarry out non-flying tasks,such as coordinating pilots,aircraft and search areas.

The cockpits of CAPaircraft,such as this Cessna 172, arejust l ike other civil aircraft.Dlrectlonflndlng equipmentis panel-mounted, and GPSand loran receivers aid Insearch navigation.

FEBRUARY 1995 55


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it itched to the o fte n iv e, the C P equippingsome it.. a irp lane. w ith bo mb .. depth chargeand jury -r igged b mb ight: to harass [he G er-mans.The AP \ a credited w ith spouing 17.ubs, bo mbing o r depth-charging 57 and inkingo r dam aging at least lWO. (H wever, ne CAPm em ber in M assachu et ts disputed the sinkings.In a I ll e s ' age . en t to o ther a via tio n e n th u si as t:via a computer bulletin bo ard in 1991. hecla im ed that h is checks o f U .S . and Germ anre c rd r sub 'inking led him t helieve that"what i w ritten in to AP hi t ry is probablyn ot hin g m o re U la n c on je ct ur e." )

But the AP s value in at lea. 1 b oth erin g th eub s was reco gnized in high places. "It sho uldb e n ote d thar fo r ne perio d-a t the. tar t o f thewar-th is CAP wa: the o nly agency that wasable to take an real ac tio n tow ard co ntro llingth e .ubmarine m enace," w ro te fo rm er G eneralr th e rmy Hap A rno ld in th e I 4 bo k Fly-ing Minute Men: The Story of Civil Air Patro}.The CAP did rn re than hunt submarine .D uring the w ar. it new an aeria l-co ur ier serv ice~ r the armed fo rce. and defense plan t. , to wedtargets for anti-aircraft gunner and flev air-b m -sen try duty alo ng th e M exican b rder, Itals did tric tly peaceful w o rk . u h a~ sp ttingforest Iires, airlifting supplie a nd fin din g IOSlairplanes.In 1943. th P wa. put und r til .onuolo f the A rmy A ir Fo rce, the f rerunner o f theA ir F orce. In 1946. the CA P received a federalcharter thu t xtended th e rgunizutiou's lifebey ond that r ther w ar tim e v o lu nt ee r gr upsand. et it up a: a benevo len t ci v ilian co rpo ra-

Berg lright) and MajorC~P Lt. Cot. Tomht for a training mission.EriC Berg pre.fIIg the CAP accidentgramS keepSafety pro eral aviation'S.rate lower than gen

CAP cadet Mike Knox demonstratesuse of a portable ELT direction finderto other cadets in the Cobb CountyGeorgia, composite squadron.

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t i n . In 1948. CAP becam e the o fficial HU iliaryo f the A ir F orce .

ITH IT HEADQUARTERSat Max v ell A ir F rce Basen ca r M o ntg om er y, labama.to day 's P comprises 52 wings. o ne in eachsta le, o ne in W a shington, D . .. an d o ne in P u 'r -t R ic . Tho se w ino s co nta in abo ut 1 70( ) indi-v idual unit: o pera ting mo re than -00 CAP-owned aircraft. -000 pr i at Iy wned aircraftand 900 . u pp rt v eh ic le .. M em be rs hip as o rp ril 19 94 w a s nearly 19,000 cadets, ranging inag e from 13 to _I. and 34.000 a du lt m embe rs .T ho ugh their numbers have dr pped sinceth e w ar, v hen m em bership sw elled to m ore than100.000, toduy's P senio rs and cadets sharean ani rude w ith their predece .sors: cnthusia rn.

AP LI. 01 . B njam in S to ne, a rat ed co m -m ercia l p it Ifo r 60 y ears. j incd im medlatclafte r Pear l H arbo r, W hy has he s tayed active inthe A I' th is lo ng? "Fo r m e. it 's a way o r S U I -ing yo ung. stu ing viable. keeping in terested.an d becaus I'm a patriotic mericun."Ist U . Presto n . ev ell jo ined fo ur ears agowith u r reJ h p ri va te l ic en se to learn more aboutflying anti search and n:scue." P is verych allen gin g an d g iv es you. ornetlung to do w ithyou r fl i ng t ha t' ery product ive .". d id their counterparts during Workl War -II. m ember . still \ eur unifo rm .. at least 01 1s om e o cc as io ns . They 110 lo nger U llo ck sub-m ar ines. but they d occur...ionally help patrolthe natio n 's bo rders. o rne members. afterreceiv ing. pecial learanccs an I train ing. fI,reconnaissance rn i io ns fo r the D rug E nfo rce-

CAP Lt. Col To Bprefll .....t . m erg tackles6" paperWork aaspect of f1yf I ' necessaryng n the CAP Uare also required h . nlformsaIrcraft. w en flying CAP


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m ent A dm inistra tio n and U .. Fo re ,t S cr -ice . AP mem ber help suppo r t therrganizaiions, uc h as the F ederal E mer-gency M anagem ent A gency (and .irnilarag en cies in in div id ua l states), the FA A,the R ed ro o s the S alvatio n A rm y andt he D e fe n e Depa r tmen t .

T he C AP still co nducts aeria l search-es fo r lo st aircraft and their occupan ts ,The A ir Fo rce hasn 't taken o ver tha to perat io n . par tly because it ha . no air-craft [hat can fly as l ow , as 'lo w and asinexpensi e ly a . the CAP '. I ightplanes,said Lt. Co l. J im Belzer, co mm ander o fthe R om e, G eo rg ia co m po site squadro n."Think o f it th i. w ay :' Belzerexp la ined, "if the A ir Fo rce had t 10 th esam e th ing w e're do ing. it w o uld O .ttaxpay ers m illio ns o f do llars ju t to getcvcrybod together ."

ho ur. and 120 liv e. saved. B ut CAP ha.tw o o ther m issio n s. O ne is aerospaceeducatio n- preading the w ord abo utavia tio n and 'pace in . ide and outs id e theo rganiza tio n . T he AP develo ps educa-tio nal m ateria ls that a c im plim cru m th e wa it do esth ings, It . Ilight o p rat ions are far safert hn n g en er al a via ti on 's lI~ a wht le- e s nsafer than the A ir rce's. In 199_ th e

P': safest y ear ever . m em ber . Ilew130,000 ho ur . \ ith lin a .cidcnt ra te o r1.54 pe r 100.000 ho ur ', acco rding 10AP figures. The same year . those fia-ures sh wed a general aviation accide71trare o f 7,14 und an ir rcc acciden trate f 1.65.

B ut tha t doesn't mean the AP likeanonymity, They 're w orking o n gellingthe word ou t .


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he Air Forcehasn t takenover CAPssearch-and-rescue mZSSt01Zpartly because ithas no aircraftthat can fly aslow as slow andas inexpensivelyas the CAPJsligbtplanes.

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Straight Answers to Questions about CAPHER E ARE SOME o f the questio n mo st Ire-quenily asked o f C ivil A ir Patro l m em bers-and o f co urse, t ra ight answ ers to sam e: Can you fly for free in the CAP?If y ou aO I as pilo t in co mm and ln a CAP a ir cr afton search-and- rescue o r o th er o fficia l b usin e 'S, y oudo n 't pay fo r y o ur night lim e. If y o u fly a CA P air-cr aft f or se ar ch -a nd -r es cu e p ro fic ie nc y. Y0U pay Fo rm ain tenance and fuel, [f yo u tly y o ur own plane o ncer tain m ilitary . federal, ta te o r hum anitarian m is-sio n" y o u are reimbursed Fo r fuel. o il and main te-nance.

M embership in CAP can qualify y o u to jo inorne military I~y ing club. which can save y o umoney o n l1ighl tim e compared to ren ting from nnFHO . You can't, however , use CAP aircraft implyIorpteasurc o r pe r sona l-bu si nes s Ilights. Can you earn your private license throughthe CAP?

If yo u're a senio r (adult) m em ber . no . U ' you ' re acade t (teenager o r y oung adult) , y o u gel up 10 si xo rien tatio n fligh ts, Y ou can also qualify fo r a so loscholarship that will pay fo r the aircraft andinstructor th ro ugh y our first solo (y o u pay fo r Iuel).Thro ugh a irn ilar pro gram . enio rs can [ualify fo ra dv an ce d r at in gs . Must you have a pilot' license to partici-pate inthe CAP?

N . The CAP needs vo lunteer. fo r m any jo bs.Each earch-and-rescue aircraft u. ually car ries tw ocrev members besides the pilo t: an o bserver per -fo rm navigatio n and communi arions tasks andlo oks fo r targets, It scanner nl a lo o ks fo r t a rge ts .Other vo lunteers serve o n gro und team : that ecurecrush I tes and in . upp r t ro le . su h as aircraftm echanic, ground-based rndio operato r and public-a ff ai r. o f fi ce r. Does CAP have different levels of pilots'!

Yes. A private pilo t w ith less than 200 ho urs aspilo t in command can qualify as a transpo rt p ilo tW ho Ilie peo ple o r cargo in the aircraft in hio h heis checked o ut; he canno t erve as pilo t in commandon CAP m i, sio ns. SUGh a s eareh-and-rescue. P r i-vnte pilo ts w ith in tire than 200 ho ur as PIC canqualify as m i sian pilo ts o r cadet-o rien tat io n pilo t: . Are there benefits to CAP membership?Yes. You are o vered by aviatio n , au to find gen-o ral-liab ility in su ran ce w hile p er fo rm ing C AP activ -it ies. Yo u lire also elig ib le fo r federal liability pro -tectio n and emplo y ee compen ar io n (includingdisability and survivo r benefits) w hile o n A ir Fo rce-san ctio ned m issio n. , . u ch as car ch -an d-r escu e.Because the CAP is a federally chartered non-pro fit co rpo ratio n. y o u can claim tax deduction fo rm em bership dues. unifo rm s. train ing m aterial '. O UI-o f-po cket expenses incurred dur ing C AP activ itiesand an autom obile allo v unce o r 12 per m ile.

You can o rder aircraft parts at a disco unt [romthe AP. upply lepo t in Amarillo . Texas. W hentraveling by rental car , yo u ure elig ib le to n pecialCAP rates, YOLIcan also jo in the credit unio n at

CAP headquar ter: at M axwell A ir Fo rce Base ncarM o nt go m er y. A lab am a.

Cadet: who earn the B illy M itchell Award(halfway up lhe ladder o f cadet u ch ic vem cr us ) c anenlist in Ihe A ir Fo rce, ir Fo rce Re erve o r A iraiio nal G uard at a higher pay scale than o ther

enli te s, What kinds of Hying can you do?B esides search -an d-r escu e an d cade t -o r ieuuuionm issio ns. y ou can t ransport blo od and hum an tissuefo r the Red Cro ss, aid civ il-defense and dl. aster-relief o peratio ns and car ry go vernm ent o fficials. Ify ou m eet requirem ents, y ou can Ily urveillance an ddrug-in terd ictio n m issio ns fo r the l.l.S. Cus t omsService. Fore t ervice lin d th e Drug EnforcementAdminis t ra t ion . CAP pllo ts do no t, however , co n-fr on t p erso n susp ected o f illegal a ct i h ie s, What kind of training is required to Oywith the CAP?

It depends o n the kind of flying you'Il be doingand in w hich airplane y ou 'll be do ing it. Basically ,y o u n ee d m s tr u ct io n and CAP c he ck rid es fo r everytype o f m issio n y ou lly, As the flying becomes moredemanding, s d the [m ining and checko ut rcqui reornents. You must check out in the Iy pe o f CAP air -craft y o u in tend to Ily. T h is i nv o lv es un initial writ-te n test and a night check. p lus annual fo llo w-ups.

One thing y o u do n 't need is < In inst rument ra t-i ng . b e ca us e most CAP fly ing is YFR. Do you have to wear a unifonn?

S nior member, IllL lS I wear unifo rm s whenwo rking w ith P cadets o r flying A P aircruft. lfy o u meet A ir Fo rce uandards fo r weigh t an dg r o m in g, yo u m ay w ear the A ir Force 's dark-bluepam and light-b lue shin w ith the AP 's maro o nepaulet .. You can also wear o ther appro ved uni-f or ms . s uc h u . a b lu e C AP ju mp su it. What are membership requirements?

T tl jo in th e CAP. y o u mu st be either a U .S . .iu-zen o r an alien adm itted fo r permanent residence.and y o u m ust nO I have ever been co nvicted o f afelo ny , a sexual o flcn e o r child ubu ie. L f o u wereu m em ber O J the U .S . m ilitary , yo u m US I have beenh on orab ly d i ch arg ed,

There is II one-tim e $50 fee to jo in , p lus annualdues; lo cal unitsm ay charge nom inal dues .You ran jo in the CAP by co ntacting the unitnearest y ou. Check y o ur airpo r t to see if there is onein y ur area. o r loo k in the federal go vernment sec-lio n o f y o ur telephone bo ok. You can also w rite rheCAP natio nal headquarters at 105 . Hansell S t .,B ldg. 714. M axwell FB . AL 36112-6332. Are there any age restrictions?

You must be a l least 13 y ears o ld o r have lin-I. hed ix th grade 10 jo in as a cadet. The maximumage to enter the cadet pro gram i 1 8 , w hich is ill'the m inimum age to becom e :1 scni r m ember.Y outh can remain cadets until age 21. w hen theym ust ither become. enio r m em ber o r leav . theorganization. -MR


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Mou.ntainsobstruct or blockELT signals. Asatellite mayreceive a signalbut search teamsmay not pick itup until theyare virtuallyright over itespecially if the'wreckage is in acanyon.

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lo wer te rrain . L ike a ailplane pilot, lo ok fo ro ro g raph ic lift com ing from air Ilow ing up-slo pe . F ly ing w ith the w ind. lo o k fo r ro to rs o rdowndrafts af ter eros ing a r idge: m ain ta in a tlear t th e m ax im um -ra te -o f-c lim b a irsp eed . F ly -ing agains t the w ind. lo o k fo r ro to r s o r down-draft: w h n appro ach ing the r idge . The 45appro ach lea es a w ay o u t if w ind o r pow erpro blem . fo rce y ou to ward a r idg e.F ly dow n cany o ns and he sure y o u have aw ay ou t . F ly the updraft 'id e, n o t t he m id dle o rdowndraft s ide, 0 y o u can benefit from o ro -graphic lift and. if a I 0 [U rn i. r eq uir ed . it w illbe in to the w ind to ho r ten the tum radius .

Mountain Sear ching W ith the CAP

The earchIn visual searches. the re cue crew COrTIUlllth fo ur gr id com ers to erify their lo catio n .B ecau . e m oun ta in s o b. t ruer V OR fD M' signalsand lo ran can be in te rm itten t, the m ost re liablenavigatio n in strum ents are a pair o f 20/_0"m ark-o ne ey eballs ' and u sec tio nal. G P w illeventually be phased i1110 A P aircraft . bu t r rno w. pilo tage i. the bo tto m line .E lec tro n ic earche are difficult becausem ounta ins o bstruct o r b lo ck ELT S ignals. AatclU te m ay recei ea . ignal. bu t. earch team .m a y 1 10 1p ic k il u p u ntil rhej a re v ir tu ally o v er it,especially if the w reckage is in a cany on . A sig-n al r efle ct in g off the side o f a m ounta in o rcanyon (it so metim e. cause m ultip le signals)c om p ou nd s th e p ro b le m o r p in p oin tin g a t ar ge t.

In v isual w rk . if there i~ a m oun ta in peak inthe gr id . the search beg ins rom th to p and co n-tinue , w ith a co nto u r search dow n aro und it.T he plane is flo wn in a descendin g ipiral a r oundthe m o unta in . In a c nto u r . earch , . cann ing i.o nly o ne-w a -in the d ire tio n r Ih p ak ,I r abo ve the tim ber line . scanning . can be tothe side and do v n. 11 is vir tua lly im po s ib le toic e wreckage at an ang le th r ugh trees, s a t o r

belov th e tim be rlin e. 'c an nin g L n ea rly str aig htdow n in o rder to lo o k d irec tly in to the fo re t toth e flo o r belov .Multiple passe . dow n a any o n m ay berequ ired to tho ro ugh! search it . R iy ing dow n acany o n o r aro und a m ounta in take ' less tim ethan clim bing back to the t p . In m ounta ins , thetim e. pent in the ac tual search il usually Ie .th an th e po sitio nin g tim e. T herefo re , m ou nta insea rch es ta ke m o re tim e th an flat-la nd icarche .On average, m ounta in 'a rch -and -re . cuefligh ts in C olo rado take lo nger. a re m ore r isky ,have m ore co mm unica tio n and na iga tio n pro b-lem s and have a law r pro bability o r detec tio nthan Ila t-Iand scarche . W hile th i w o rk rnaso un d ex citin g. no ne o f it w ould b e n ecessary ifno t fo r ih need I search I' r peo ple in d istre s.A nd tha t is w hat i iI A ir Patro l e rnergen y . r-v ic es a re a ll a bo ut. -Frank Gose ~

THE CIVJL AIR P AT RO L E merg encyS ervice m i sio n i to co nduct .earch-and -rescu e. d i a ter-relief a nd o th er m issio n . fo rpub li c a ss is ta n ce . In Colorado, w here tha t m is-sio n is g rea tly affec ted by the rugged R o ckyM oun tain s, the CA P hal> special upplcmenta lr eg ula tio n fo r m o un ta in fly in g.Flat-Land Searches

From th e fo o th ills o f r ile R o ck ies to theKan a s/N eb ra ka b o rd er , th e e as te rn h al f f C o l-orado is fla t. Surface elevatio n ' range from500 0 to 3 50() fee l MSL L n e le ctr on ic se arc he . askilled ere can iso la te a signal fa ir l quickly :but w hen there i no ELT ignal, v i. u al . earchesarc fl wn o n prep lanned track . o ver the searcharea. T he distance betw een these tracks is o ne o rtw o m ile . depend ing o n th se ar ch o b je ct. a lt i-tu de . v i lbility, w eather co ndltiens an d nm po : i-t io n. P ro ba bility o f d etec tio n i. h ig h.Mountain SearchesThe w estern half o f C olo rado rises abruptly10 the w est o f a line tha t run . from Ron Co llin sthro ugh D enver to Pueb lo . There are m ore than50peak in tha t par t o r the nate tha t r ise to1 4.0 00 fee t M, L. The area is heavily fo rested .and m any rno unta in passe are in the 11.000-fo ot range. abo ve the tim berline. W h ile the te r -ra in Ialls o ff to the west and becom e les .f rested . it r em ains rugged and uneven all thew ay to th e U ta h b or de r. w he re it is app ro im ate-I y 7 0( X) f el MSI. . There are few nat area , so thep ro bability o f d etec tio n go es d w n.

In th e R ockies. h igh d en sity altitu des affec ttakeo ff and landing .. a w ell as cru i: e andsearch perf rrnance . A varie r f e trem e w indionditions can exit t: m orning and even ing\ ind in cany o ns. up - Of d ow n-slo pe w inds.\ ind a r s ridges. ro graphic lift. r t r s, e tc ,S ho r t, ro ugh, o ne-w ay runway and i y sur facin the w in ter are nO I unco rn rn n. Po or , m inim alcom municatio n and navigatio n recep tio n arealso o rnm on .e . na 182 arc n r rnally laded 10 theirm ax gro s: w eigh I w ith a crew o f th ree . p lu s SUf-

vi a l g ea r. h o rt/s oft-Iie ld takeoff a nd la nd in gare co mm on . < l ! > are o ne-w a runw ay .. A s ar e i u lt , u o -aro u nd i can be extrem ely d angero u:and are no t recom mended . C ro ssw inds, tail-w in ds. h ig h d en . it y au irude and o cca io nal h ighre lative hum idities w orsen airpo rt o peratio n '.F ligh t p lan . W iU 1 30-m inu le check-in , a re asta nd ar d o p er atin g p ro ce du re . C omm un ic atio nsare us uall re lay ed lh r ugh ~lcommunica t i on .b ir d th at c ir cle s h ig h r ~relay to the . earch b u. e .En r u tc , n igh Iis w ell abo ve the ter ra in , andr idge are app ro ached at 45 angles. Po . it io n theairc raft so tha t. in the event o f a com ple te p werfailu re , a 90" tum r ic .. all w s a descent 10


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Sharing the best kept secret in aviation.For more information, call or write one of the following:

CAP Unit Locator: 1-800-FLY-2338Public Affairs: (334) 953-4287National Headquarters

Civil Air Patrol105 South Hansell Street, Bldg. 714Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6332

aviation's best kept secret

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