avian influenza role of bio security

8/14/2019 Avian Influenza Role of Bio Security

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AVIAN INFLUENZA:Role of Biosecurity

Dr.Kedar Karki

M.V.St.Preventive Veterinary

Medicine


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Avian Influenza

A Viral disease of Domestic and Wild

Birds characterized by the full range of

responses from almost no signs of thedisease to very high mortality. The

incubation period is also highly variable,

and ranges from a few days to a week(3 to 7 days).


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Etiology of Avian Influenza

Influenzavirus A genus of theOrthomyxoviridae family.

They are enveloped, negative strandedRNA viruses.

Influenza A viruses can be divided into15 Haemagglutinin (H) antigens. 9Neuraminidase (N) antigens.

Extreme antigenic variability broughtabout by genetic reassortment in hostcells.


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Influenza Viruses

2 Pathotypes:

HPAI LPAI


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Ecology of Avian

Influenza Viruses

The greatest variety of Avian Influenzaviruses has been isolated from wild birds,particularly from waterfowls.

Serve as reservoirs and gene poolsThese birds perpetuate only viruses of low

pathogenecity

Natural host of AI viruses to which theviruses are well adapted.Waterfowls are resistant to the disease

induced by HPAI viruses.


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Ecology of Avian Influenza

VirusesDomestic Poultry does not appear to be

the natural host of these viruses, thereforethe degree of adaptation to the host is low

and this could possibly explain why

documented virus mutation has virtually

always occurred in domestic poultry


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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Worldwide Occurrences


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Recent News

Indonesia: Poultry Disease OutbreakDevastating Regional Sector. An article in the Jakarta Post on Dec. 18:

Many poultry farmers forced out of business in theface of the current outbreak of ND. A spokespersonfor 1 of the Sleman and Kulonprogo Regency districtsector said: Out of 25 members of the neighborhood

unit, only 3 still have chickens. The others birds areall dead. He added that only 25 % of farmers in hisarea are still operating. The virus had also spread toother areas of the regency. Some estimates suggest

that a number of district have lost up to 80 % of theirpoultry


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South Korea Latest Developments

The Government is doing its best to support the

industry but public are not buying poultry or eggsdespite assurances that this form of AI does notpose a health hazard.

First confirmed case of bird flu Dec. 15, 2003:49 suspected farms14 cases confirmed positive for AI

7 cases are from ducks1 from broiler breeder

2 from broilers4 from layers

17 cases were negativeThe other 18 farms are being tested


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Taiwan Latest Developments

Taipei (Reuters, Jan 5,2004) Taiwan

reported its first case of a highlycontagious bird flu Wednesday (Dec.

31,2003), but said six ducks smuggled

from mainland China that had tested

positive (H5N1) had been destroyed.


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Avian Influenza

Differential Diagnosis

Infectious Bronchitis

TRT/APV Newcastle Disease

Respiratory viruses Mixed

infections


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Avian InfluenzaDiagnosis

1. Clinical Signs

2. Virus Isolation andCharacterisation

3. Serology

4. PCR

5. Histopathology and

Immunochemistry


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3 Categories of TransmissionIntercontinentalTransport of live poultry, frozen poultry meat and

untreated hatching eggs over long distances.Trade of poultry by-products unheated and eggproducts and possibly frozen poultry semen.Least importance are free living migrating birds

InternationalTrade of commercial poultry including live birds,

vehicles, crates, containers. Also, internationalexhibitions, shows, bird markets and similarevents. Least important are birds which displays

seasonal migration pattern.LocalFarm personnel, technical crew (debeaker,

vaccinators, catchers, etc.). Also, contaminated

poultry manure and waste stuff as well asairborne particle and dust. Significant are live


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BIOSECURITY

DEFINITION : all procedures used to

prevent the introduction of disease

OBJECTIVES :

- prevent the entry of disease

- control the spread of disease

BIOSECURITY IS EVERYONESRESPONSIBILITY!


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BENEFITS OF BIOSECURITY

HELPS KEEP OUT diseasesREDUCES THE RISK of zoonotic diseasesLIMITS THE SPREAD of diseasesHELPS PROTECT the public healthIMPROVES the overall flock healthCUTS COSTS of disease treatmentREDUCES LOSSES and improves

profitability

BETTER BIOSECURITY PROVIDES : Peace

of mind, a healthier flock and a more


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HOW DISEASES SPREAD

MOVEMENT of people, animals,

equipment, vehicles

CONTACT with neighboring flock

CONTACT with insects, rodents, stray

animals and pets

CONTAMINATED water & feeds

INADEQUATE cleaning and disinfection


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BIOSECURITY INFORMATION

STRICTLY limit and control access to thefarm fencing w/ a controlled entry point

KEEP an all-in, all-out flock management

PROVIDE a security or decontaminationarea

REQUIRE all persons entering the farm tosign a visitors logbook; vehicle platenumbers must also be recorded


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CLEAN & DIRTY areas should be well-defined

THOROUGHLY clean and disinfect all

equipment & vehicles entering AND leavingthe farm

BETTER NOT to borrow equipment or

vehicles from other farms

DONT USE same vehicles for transporting

birds, feeds, equipment or waste products


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BIOSECURITYINFORMATIONCLEAN, PROTECTIVE clothing and

footwear must be worn in the farmHAVE a designated cleaning & disinfecting

area

WHEN DISINFECTING, remove all dirt &solid matter first Dirt & manure cannot bedisinfected!

KEEP the farm surroundings clean & tidyFOOTBATH must be provided in every

poultry house; footbath should be kept clean


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KEEP WILD BIRDS off the poultry houses bird-proofing

KEEP other animals, pets or other livestock

out of the farmPEST & RODENT control programPROPER DISPOSAL of damaged eggs,

dead birds, litter or manureREGULARLY clean & disinfect all

equipment & vehicles before and after use


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AFTER EVERY CYCLE, thoroughlyclean & disinfect all houses &equipment

ONCE CLEANED, a farm should beclosed & left idle; the longer the downtime, the better the results.

IMPLEMENTING A STABLE

BIOSECURITY PROGRAM IS INDEEDAN EFFORT WORTH MAKING!


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INI MUM BIOSE CURI TYSTANDA RDS

No Visitors A sign-in log

Clean clothing and sanitized footwear Properly maintained foot pans with

disinfectant solution Rodent and insect control

No other animals, esp. wild birds Vaccination All in, all out

Sanitize hands

IMPORTANT


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IMPORTANT

REMINDERS

MAKEa flock health plan that includes basicbiosecurity measures

ENSUREthat all records are accurate & up-

to-dateALLpoultry personnel should be trainedLOOK OUTfor signs of disease early

detection is key!REPORTimmediately if disease is suspected

BE VIGILANT!


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Reminders

Effective Bird ProofingWorking Pest Control Program

For Rodents and Fly

No other animals especially waterfowl

Sign in Log Book

Power Sprayer at the farm gate

Separate foot wear/Foot Dip

Sanitation/disinfection


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Prevention

Surveillance / Monitoring

Vaccination

Biosecurity


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Control

BiosecurityQuarantine Intensify disinfecting measures

Monitoring/SurveillanceStamping Out / DepopulationDIVA Vaccination - only for LPAI and

not for HPAI because it might prolongthe shedding of the virus

Proper Disposal

avian influenza role of bio security

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