av. joão pessoa, 31 – fone/fax: (51) 3308.3281 – porto alegre – rs – 90040.000-...
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Governance, Public Policies and Territorial
Programmes in Brazil
Prof. Sergio Schneider and Mireya E.V. Perafán, Marcelo A. Conterato
PGDR-UFRGS/BRAZIL4, 5 November 2010 - Rome, Italy
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Summary
1. Brazil – general profile;
2. ‘New’ rurality and territorial approach;
3. Rural territorial public policies;
4. What are the main lessons ?
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
1 – Brazil - Rural and
Urban Profile
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Brazilian Biomes
AC
RJ
SC
100 Mha (12%)
Atlantic Forest
Carlos Nabinger
4 Mha (0,5%)
Pampa
CerradoCerrado
207 Mha (24%)
90 Mha (11%)
Caatinga
Revista Geográfica Universal -agosto 82
AmazonAmazon
437 Mha (51 %)
G.Ziesler
Pantanal
13 Mha (1,5%)
Sandra Santos, Embrapa Pantanal
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Evolution of the rural and urban populationBrazil, 1940-2000
Total (2006): 188.298.099/hab +- 31.700.000 in rural areas (18,2%)
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Demographic Dynamics - 1991-2000
Types of regions
Number of regions
Pop. 2000 (millions)
Variation1991-2000
(%)% in 2000
Urban 63 83,1 19,0 49,0
Intermediary 107 34,1 17,4 20,1
Rural 388 52,4 9,3 30,9
TOTAL
558 169,6 15,5 100,0
Source: Favareto, 2010
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RECENT TRENDS – from the coast to the hinterland
Source: Tania Bacelar, 2010
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
2 – New rurality and the
territorial approach
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
General Social Changes in Brazil – last 20 years
a) Macro stabilization process after the crises of the
80s, new patterns of State regulation (agencies) and
role of the regional states and municipalities;
b) Civil society actors and new forms of social and
political pression – NGOs, trades unions, social movements, etc;
c) Debates after the ONU Summit ECO-92 –
environment and sustainability concerns;
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Main driven forces in the 90s New dynamics of spatial development and the role of economic
diversification became recognized as a way out to:
the crisis of fordism and mass production
regional restructuring and economic decentralization -
globalization
failure of the market and state top dow top dow policies
Reduction of the weight of agriculture in employment and family revenues
Crisis of the traditional regional planning tools:
territory becomes a new conceptual and planning reference to public
policies management – a key variable of development (Pecqueur)
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Territorial Approach To Rural Development in Brazil
1º Discussions about the new rurality:
a) Critical perspectives about the sector conceptions;
b) New rural functions – MULTIFUNCIONALITY;
c) Environmental and poverty issues comes in the agenda of
rural sustainable development
2º Enhancement of rural social actors: Social movements – landless movement; Small scale farming as a new political force;
3º Influence of the international debate about devolution, decentralization and regional-local performance;
4º Social capital and participation as corner-stones to international brokers and development institutions;
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
3- Territorial approach to 3- Territorial approach to
Public Policies in Brazil:Public Policies in Brazil: Rural Territories Program - 2003;Rural Territories Program - 2003; Territories of Citizenship - 2008Territories of Citizenship - 2008
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Rural Territories in Brazil
a) First Rural Territorial Program starts in 2003:
Harmonious development of regions where are family farmers and land settlements;
To foster human capabilities; To stimulate self management of rural territories.
b) Conceptual evolution:
Phase 1 - 2003-2005 - rural territory is a physical space, which comprising the city and country and low rural demographic density – UNPD and national experts as scholars and researchers;
Phase 2 – 2006–2009 – Rural territories become TERRITORIES OF IDENTITY – social actors and their territorial identity as a tool to policies – IICA support.
c) Focus and Methodology:
Ministry (MDA) defines to cover micro regions with more 50.000 habitans and more 80 habitants per Km/square;
Rural Territorial Program start with 449 micro regions, from which where selected those with more family farmers, land settlements and poorest;
Today, the program deal with 164 territories - 2004 were 40 and 2005 were 50.
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Small
Medium
Large
Brazil – Agrarian Structure - farm sizes
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Brazil – Land Settlements – 1979-2006
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BRAZIL (2006) – Use of the Workforce in Agricultural Sector
Family Farming Wage Labor
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Second - Territories of Citizenship, starts in 2008:
a) Main goals: inclusion of the poors in the economic and production dynamics; enhance the acess to social policies to poor people Integration of public policies at the territory level; expanding social participation.
b) Conceptual requirements: Selection of the poorest regions of the countriy by statistics data; State and public policies have to be integrate in a territorial perspective
d) Focus and Methodology:
The Territories of Citezenship is Directly Link To The Presidency, and
have a National Management Comittie;
Nowadays, the Program involve 120 Territories national wide, deal with 1.852 municipalities, where live 42,4 million people (23% of the country population), 13,1 million rural people;
Budget in 2009 of the whole of the Program reached U$ 14,5 billion dóllars, involving 21 Ministries
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Poverty in Brazil, 2000Poverty in Brazil, 2000
% individuals below the poverty line in each municipality
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Territories covered by Brazilian Territorial Policies
164 territories
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
The Governance Strategy in Brazilian Territorial Approach – main steps
1º To articulate and identify the social basis of the program and to
organize a Council/Comission of Territorial Deployment;
Territorial Council involve public, private and NGOs organizations
In the beginning of 2010, 164 Commissions had been constituted,
which grouped a total of 11.670 social organizations
2º To organize a diagnosis and a Plan to develop the territory;
3º Territorial Council is charge to make social
management and also raise demands and suggestions;
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
44-- Some lessons Some lessons
that came outthat came out
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
1º In Brazil, the territorial approach comes in the agenda through States actions and public policies;
2º Civil society and social actors participate in the set up process of the territorial policies and programs and, through them, new institutional and governance devices are create;
3º Mains problem: critics and discussions about the
sector focus of the territorial approach: Agricultural focus follow the mains driven force; Social groups like small scale farmers and land
settlements are distinguish;
Pro-poor policies X territorial initiatives – Should policies
targets the poor or the whole territory population ???
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
4º Big content and conflict about to include or not the agribusiness
sector in rural territorial development initiatives:
Brazil have 2 Ministries of Agriculture
5º Environment issues and biodiversity management are not yet strongly involved and articulate with territorial approach;
6º Social participation of poor people
living in remote rural areas is
deepening and enhancing Brazilian
Democracy;
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Av. João Pessoa, 31 – Fone/Fax: (51) 3308.3281 – Porto Alegre – RS – 90040.000- [email protected] www.ufrgs.br/pgdr
Thanks !!
For your attention
[email protected]@ufrgs.br