automatic system installations and change...
TRANSCRIPT
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FAI
Automatic System Installations And Change Management
with
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Speaker
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Henning Sprang
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OpenSource consultant, developer, author
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Interests
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Systems managementSoftware developmentQA and testingVirtualization
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FAI Team member
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About system installations
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Do You...
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...use FAI already?
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Another auto-installer or config management tool?
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wonder how to rebuilt/restore configurations?
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manually tinkered and tweaked over long time
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Exactly, really
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quick
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Disk images
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Create templates from ``proper'' installations
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Copy when needed and adjust them as needed
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Pros
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low learning cost
Simple and fast implementation: cp/rsync/tar/dd
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Cons
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Inflexible - the smallest change requires rebuilding the image
Still manual work needed to get a installed system
Storage cost linear to number of different configurations
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Configuration with shell scripts
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Manual work replaced by shell scripts
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Pros
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Much lower storage cost
Higher flexibility
Tailor made
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Cons
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Full-blown development project(you'll realize after a while)
You solve every problem on your own, instead of reusing work of others
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Use available Auto-Installer
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Anaconda / Kickstart: Fedora-based
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Autoyast: SuSE-based
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Nlite/Unattend:Windows in many flavours
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FAI:Debian-based, Fedora-based, SuSE-based,Windows experimental,Solaris possible
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Others:Solaris JumpstartRedHat Cobbler/Koan
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About FAI
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Why FAI?
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Shellscript-based
Simple, Flexible, easy to extend
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Community support by seasoned "`Installers"'
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Diverse client- and server- distributions
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Multiple installation typesandsystem updates
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Can be used for real hardware and virtualization systems
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One-Step-Install
bare metal to fully working system
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Easily integrate other tools
CFEnginePuppetCustom scripts
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History
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Started 1999 by Thomas Lange at the University of cologne
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Base idea: structured and planned installation
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Plan your installation, and FAI installs your plan
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Part of the Debian Distribution
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Today about 10 active developers, small but nice community
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Since 2005 softupdates from Henning Glawe included
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Who is using it for what?
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EDF uses FAI (with GOSA) for some research clusters
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LiMux in Munich: installs/updates 400(to be 14000) clients/servers
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Multiple top 500 High Performance Clusters
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Small home networks starting from 2 systems
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GRML admin live CDbuilt with FAI
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Functionality
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Overview
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FAI classes
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A class defines system properties and actions to be taken
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Class-assignment with simple texfile, database, or scripts
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Systems can be assigned to multiple classescombined at will
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Server-distribution:
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Debian-based
Dependencies:Perl, NFS, TFTP, debootstrap
So, easy to port!
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Target-distributions:
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Debian, Redhat, Ubuntu, Suse, Mandriva
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Different installation types (networked, CD/USB, chroot)
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Integrated versioning with subversion, CVS, git
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System updates
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Installation types
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Network installation with central install server
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Client/Server architecture
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Directly calling „dirinstall“for chroots
(Can be easy integrated into xen-tools, ganeti, ...)
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With grml-live: Live-CD generation!
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The installation/update process
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Most important FAI "tasks"(steps of installation)
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defclass: Class definition(assignment)for the target system
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partition: guess what?! :)
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extrbase: Unpack a minimal base image
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debconf: apply Debconf preseedings
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instsoft: Software package installation
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Configure:Run configuration scripts
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savelog: Push logfiles on the install Server
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Usage details
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ConsiderationsandPlanning
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Installation
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Decide the matching install type (net/cd/dirinstall)
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Plan your installation
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Use casesNetwork and environmentSoftware-packagesAdditional files and config adjustmentsAcess control, Identity Management, ...
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Using mirrors of Internet software repositories
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Updates
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How and when should which patches be applied?
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Testing processes
how do I know the effect of a patch/update?
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Mirrors of security update repositories?
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Automatic(scheduled, timebased) or manually started?
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Setup and configuration
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Installation on Debian:
apt-get install fai-quickstart
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Adjust install server setup in /etc/fai
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fai.conf: LOGUSER=fai, LOGPROTO=ssh (for Logging via ssh)
apt/sources.list: use local mirror if available
make-fai-nfsroot.conf:local mirror for debootstrap
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FAI server is configured!
Now create NFSroot:
fai-setup / make-fai-nfsroot
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For PXE-Boot:
fai-chboot
to set boot-kernel, -options
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Without PXE / Installation from CD:
fai-cd
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Infrastructure services for network install
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DNS entry for server and clients
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DHCP config:Host/IP/MAC as usual
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some FAI-specific stuff:
option root-path "/srv/fai/nfsroot ..."server-name "faiserver"; # boot-servernext-server 172.20.2.64; # tftp server: kernelfilename "pxelinux.0";
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System configurations
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Configurations for installation are stored in FAI „configspace“
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Simple text files and scripts
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requirements from installation plan are reflected here
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Example included in /usr/share/doc/fai/examples/simple
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Default location: /srv/fai/config
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Contents of configspace
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classdisk_configbasefilesdebconfpackage_configscriptsfileshooks
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Adjust configspace: class
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class contains class- and variable definitions/assignments
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Simplest way: assign classes based on hostnames
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Some sample classes: FAISERVER, GNOME, DEMO, XORG
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Any script can be used to assign classes
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E.G.: check specific hardware, MAC or IP, disk size, . . .
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Adjust configspace: basefiles
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Minimal base images for non-Debian distributions and special uses
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Task "extrbase" checks this directory for matching images
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Images named by classes
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You could also put an image here and skip the rest :)
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Adjust configspace: disk_config
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detailed control over partitions and mounting
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new tool includes lvm and raid setups
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hard sizes or ranges
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# example of new config file for setup-storage## <type> <mountpoint> <size> <fs type> <mount options> <misc options> disk_config disk1 disklabel:msdos primary / 250 ext3 rw,errors=remount-rological swap 200-1000 swap rw logical /var 600-1300 ext3 rw createopts="-m 5" \
tuneopts="-c 0 -i 0"logical /tmp 100-1G ext3 rw createopts="-m 0" \
tuneopts="-c 0 -i 0"logical /usr 1G-8G ext3 rwlogical /home 100-50% ext3 rw,nosuid createopts="-m 1" \
tuneopts="-c 0 -i 0"
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Adjustconfigspace:
debconf
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Presets for package install scripts
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Only for dpkg-based distributions
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Works analog to Debian Installer
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Adjust configspace:
package_config
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Contents:
files named by class names
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Purpose:
Define packages to be installed
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Supports many installation methods:
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install (apt-get)aptitudetaskinst (Debian tasks=Package collections)urpmi (mandriva)yumi (Fedora)y2i (SuSE y2pmsh)yast (SuSE yast -i)
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PACKAGES aptitudefortune-mod fortunesrstat-client #rstatdrusers rusersd
# only when also class XORG is definedPACKAGES aptitude XORGbb frozen-bubble xpenguins
Example package_config/DEMO from simple examples:
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Adjust Configspace:
scripts
#!/bin/bash
#!/usr/bin/cfagent
#!/bin/perl
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scripts to be executed after package installation
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Usually shell-, Perl- and cfengine-scripts
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Need for others?
just install Interpreter in the NFS-Root
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Naming scheme: <CLASSNAME>/<NUMBER>-<SCRIPTNAME>
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Number defines order of execution
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SCRIPTNAME arbitrary just for readability
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.|-- AMD64| `-- 99-discover-bug|-- DEMO| |-- 10-misc| `-- 30-demo|-- FAIBASE| |-- 10-misc| |-- 30-interface| `-- 40-misc|-- FAISERVER| |-- 10-conffiles| `-- 20-copy-mirror|-- GRUB| `-- 10-setup`-- LAST `-- 50-misc
scripts example:
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Adjust configspace: files
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Structure of a filesystem, starting with /
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classbased copy/unpack
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For usage with fcopy/ftar
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Copy single files explicitly, or recursive from /
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ftar unpacks an archive
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Target file=directory
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actually copied source file=CLASSNAME
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‘-- etc|-- X11| ‘-- xorg.conf| |-- ATI| ‘-- NVIDIA|-- apache2| ‘-- conf.d| ‘-- debian-mirror.conf| ‘--FAISERVER‘-- fai ‘-- fai.conf |-- FAISERVER ‘-- FAI_SOFTUPDATE_CLIENT
sample:
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Adjust configspace: hooks
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Naming scheme:
<TASKNAME>.<CLASSNAME>[.source]
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Execution before the according task
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partition.XENUinstsoft.FAIBASEsavelog.LAST.source
Examples:
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Do the installation
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Depending on chosen install type
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Boot via
PXEBootfloppyinstall-CDUSB Stick
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fai dirinstall <TARGETDIR>
into mounted blockdevice
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Call dirinstall from xen-tools, Ganeti, . . .
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Run grml-live
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Depending on number of packages it takes 3-30 minutes
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(automatic)Restart with production configuration
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Functionality tests
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Advanced stuff Outlook
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Support stuff for more distributions: fai-distributions
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GOSA as LDAP and FAI GUI
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Automatic Tests of the installed systems
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hooks/scripts could checkfiles and configurations
Crucible Test Framework
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No LDAP? Management-Tool/lightweight GUIwithout GOSA
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better configspace layout
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Comparison
with Puppet
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LIMITED VALIDITY
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I Only scratched Puppet's surface yet!
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But I try to be unbiased
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I actually like puppet quite well
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The Points
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Puppet has data encryption functionality!
can distribute secrets!
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FAI has a simplerfile copying structure
Could be „emulated“ with some code in puppet.
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Puppet: only "configuration"
FAI: also partition and base install
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FAI has multiple specific logs
Puppet logs into syslog
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FAI: config files + scripts
Puppet: everything is a script (most „config-filish“ - found some strange syntax skimming through)
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Puppet: advanced client/server config push
FAI: (scripted) ssh into amanged host, additional tool
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FAI is a bit more mature - no youth problems
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Puppet has some more advanced distribution abstractions
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FAI is still lacking a nice Logo and website :)
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BOTH:
cool toolsthat you should use!
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Can work together well and easy
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Conclusions
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FAI is a powerful tool for
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Automatic installation
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System-Change-Management
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Structuredapproachrequired
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Expect some learning curve on the way
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The Big Reward:
less worries about...
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getting a config cloned
setting up new machines
restoring after a crash
changing configs on multiple systems
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Further information:
http://www.informatik.uni-koeln.de/fai/
http://faiwiki.informatik.uni-koeln.de/
IRC-Channel #fai at OFTC-Network
linux-fai-users and linux-fai-devel mailing list
Commercial Support: multiple companies and freelancers
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ADVERTISEMENT:
to
learn moreor
implement
CALL ME! :)
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THANKS FOR LISTENING!
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QUESTIONS?