automatic radio network planning tdma
TRANSCRIPT
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TU Wien
Automatic Radio Network Planning andutomatic Radio Network Planning andOptimizationptimization
Thomas Neubauer
SYMENA Software & Consulting GmbH, Vienna SMEN
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Free tickets for theree tickets for the Worldcuporldcup finalinal
3 free tickets
for the Worldcupfinal in Berlin forthe first 3 technical
questions.
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Network Design Network Operation
Capessoapesso helpselps foror designesign andnd optimizationptimization
Betteretter . Fasteraster . Cheaper.Cheaper.
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Number of Sites
Automatic Cost andEfficiency Analysis
Efficient Implementation
AutomaticExport
AutomaticExport
Existing Candidate Sites
Full Implementation
AutomaticNetwork
Design andOptimization
Validation in Planning Tool Validation in Planning Tool
Networketwork Design:esign: Savingsavings in CapEx, OpExn CapEx, OpEx
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Optimized Live Network
Live Network
Data ready for further processing
Liveive Networketwork Optimizationptimization
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Implementation plan STEPS
RadioNetwork
Optimization
Analysis
Verificationand furtherprocessing
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Capesso Core
Capesso
Distr. Optimization
Module
Capesso Multi Network Joint Optimization Module
Capesso
AutoSolve
Module
Network 1
GSM / iDEN900/1800MHz
Network 2
W-CDMABand 0, Carrier 1
Network 3
CDMA2000Band 0, Carrier 1
Network 4
TD-SCDMACarrier A
Network 5
WiMAXCarrier M
W-CDMAMonte Carlo
Opt. Module
CDMA2000Monte Carlo
Opt. Module
TD-SCDMAMonte Carlo
Opt. Module
Capesso
Visualization
Module
Capesso
Greenfield -
Deployment
Capesso
AATA Techn.
Activation
Capessoapesso Modulesodules - Overviewverview
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Key benefits of Capessoey benefits of Capesso
RNP + Capesso = Better. Faster. Cheaper.
Automated Planning/Optimization with Capesso
Better plans than manually possible (+30%)
Less time for network planning/optimization (-80%)
Cost Savings in CapEx and OpEx (-25%)
Automatic Consistency of projects
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status
2. Radio network management basics
3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators
4. Optimising short term and long term objectives
5. Methods for automated optimisation
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
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Customerustomer migrationigration strategytrategy ?
How fast will the number of 3G users take up?
How will data rates take up?
Which services?
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Twowo examplesxamples NTTTT DoCoMooCoMo andnd Vodafoneodafone
NTT-DoCoMo has a fastsubscriber growth
Vodafone:2.4 million 3G customers bymid May
300,000 of whom use 3Gdata cards
10 million 3G customers byend of March 2006
Globally: 100m 3Gcustomers by June 2006
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Comparisonomparison of 2G and 3G technologyf 2G and 3G technology takeake upp
Source: GSMworld
3G growth is muchfaster than 2G
Nokia expects3G/WCDMA phones
to rise to 70 millionby the end of 2005(Source Nokia)
13% of all mobilessold in Europe in2005 will be 3G(Source IDC)
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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WCDMACDMA growsrows fasteraster thanhan GSMSM
Source: http://www.gsacom.com
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Global 3G Subscribers to Pass 100 Million Mark inlobal 3G Subscribers to Pass 100 Million Mark in Juneune
Source: http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/June2006/3175.htm
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status
2. Radio network management basics
3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators
4. Optimising short term and long term objectives
5. Methods for automated optimisation
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio Network Planning and Optimization in TDMAadio Network Planning and Optimization in TDMA
Coverage Calculation
Available Frequencies
System Capacity
Required Erlang Capacity
Traffic Modeling
Channel
occupency
Time
Number of Users
RequiredNumber
ofChannels
Service coverageprediction andtraffic modeling canbe well separated inTDMA (GSM) typeradio networks
Hence, coverageand capacityoptimization can beseparated
Once coverage isachieved, capacitycan be handled byoptimizationdepartmentCoverage and Capacity can be separatedCoverage and Capacity can be separated
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Coverage/Capacityoverage/Capacity Service Probability in TDMAervice Probability in TDMA
ServiceProb.
Erl/km 2
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
Carrier 3
Coverage Area
T h r o u g
h p u
t
Capacity is defined by the number of carriers in the coverage area!Capacity is defined by the number of carriers in the coverage area!
Service probability depends on the number of users in the networkService probability depends on the number of users in the network
# users
low high
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio network optimization in TDMA (1)adio network optimization in TDMA (1)
BCCH power could be modified in TDMA
Antenna tilts are in the range of 3-8
The penetration of remote electrical tilt is extremely low inTDMA
TDMA is interference limited because of co-channel
interference (INTER-cell interference)
Many interference problems (e.g. in hilly terrain) can besolved by frequency overlay and hierarchical cell structures
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio network optimization in TDMA (2)adio network optimization in TDMA (2)
The size of the coverage area is fixed and depends on the BCCHstrength. A change in the pilot power (and the antenna pattern) willmainly influence the coverage area, not directly the capacity.
Increasing the capacity means to increase the number of frequencieswithin an area
If the number of frequencies is limited, they have to be reused moreefficiently
Frequency Planning is very important for TDMA!
By properly tuning the RF parameters, the C/I can be improved.
Higher C/I allows more efficient frequency reuse higher systemcapacity
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio network optimization in TDMA (3)adio network optimization in TDMA (3)
High data rate TDMAsystems have higherC/I requirements
GPRS and EDGE aretypical examples
An optimized RFconfiguration allowsbetter frequencyplans and hencebetter systemperformance
before RFoptimization
after RFoptimization
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio network optimization in TDMA (4)adio network optimization in TDMA (4)
Frequency optimization is of high importance for TDMAbased optimization
High data rate services (coding schemes and higherorder modulations) require better C/I conditions
Automated radio network optimization improves theoverall C/I ratio
An RF optimized TDMA configuration allows betterfrequency plans and hence better
system performancehigher data rateshigher network capacity
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio Network Planning and Optimization in 3Gadio Network Planning and Optimization in 3GSystem Simulations
Available Channels
System Capacity f (services,load,etc.)
Required Channels
Traffic Modeling
Channel
occupency
Time
Number of Users
RequiredNumber
ofChannels
Service coverageprediction andtraffic modeling canNOT be separatedin CDMA type 3Gradio networks
Hence, coverageand capacityoptimization can beseparated
Optimization needsto be an integratedpart of the radionetwork planningproceduresCoverage and Capacity can NOT be separatedCoverage and Capacity can NOT be separated
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Coverage/Capacityoverage/Capacity Service Probability in CDMAervice Probability in CDMA
ServiceProb.
Erl/km 2
Carrier 1
Coverage Area
T h r o u g
h p u
t
The capacity/area is increased by reducing the effective area!The capacity/area is increased by reducing the effective area!
With higher data rates and higher capacity the cells shrink.With higher data rates and higher capacity the cells shrink.
# users
low high
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Limitations of CDMA networksimitations of CDMA networks
DOWNLINK
System Throughput [bit/s/cell]
Cover
ge
Downlink Capacitylimited
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink Coveragelimited
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio network optimization in CDMA (1)adio network optimization in CDMA (1)
CDMA is interference limited in general!
The equivalent to frequency planning in TDMA is codeplanning in CDMA .
There is a limited (but quite high) number of codes forthe forward link code planning is fairly simple in CDMA
The interference includes INTER-cell and INTRA-cellinterference and is spatially colored!
High data rate interferers lead to drastic performancereduction
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Radio network optimization in CDMA (2)adio network optimization in CDMA (2)
The pilot (and common) channel power levels, the antennatilt as well as the antenna azimuth determine the systemperformance
The services with data rates in the range of
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Interdependent parameter optimizationnterdependent parameter optimization
Changing a single parameter will affect neighbor cells
Dependent on the network this will affect further sectors
There is no simple solution for CDMA optimization!
Optimization tools will automatically consider interdependencies
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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What are the requirements for 3G?hat are the requirements for 3G?
Short term aspectsMeeting regulatory requirements
Satisfying minimum service probability / quality
Time to market which coverage/quality/capacity hasto be provided when?
Reduce time for site acquisition
Adapt to the required service profiles
Minimize CAPEX
LOW COSTS to satisfy the roll-out requirements!OW COSTS to satisfy the roll-out requirements!
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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What are the requirements for 3G?hat are the requirements for 3G?
Long term, strategic aspectsGrowth plan in coverage, quality and capacity
Additional sites to meet traffic expectations
Smooth migration plan
Lack of additional available sites
Best network performance for lowest cost
MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY to satisfy future requirements!AXIMUM FLEXIBILITY to satisfy future requirements!
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Towards Continuous Optimizationowards Continuous Optimization
Planning Launch Operation
Site and Cellactivation
Automaticoptimization of Turn-Key solutions and
network extensions
How to fulfillminimum Coverage,Quality requirementsfor minimum costs
Provide better plansfaster and cheaper
Reduce the time fornetwork set up
Measurementinformation for theautomated fine tuning
of the parametersettings lower costs
Provide minimumrequired quality andcapacity for thelaunch
Trouble Shooting
Include real networkdata to improve theoptimization quality
Trouble shooting onproblem areas
Capacity optimizationwhen new servicesand increasing trafficcome up
Ongoing optimizationdependent on thenetwork information
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Complexity of radio network optimization (1)omplexity of radio network optimization (1)
Radio network optimization is likean N-dimensional state-diagram.
N=(Number of cells) * (Number of parameters/cell) * (Number of valid parameters setting)
In CDMA networks the entire network has to be considered inorder to find the best configuration
The dependencies
between the individualstates have to be knownin order to find thebest solution efficiently!
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Complexity of radio network optimization (2)omplexity of radio network optimization (2)
Assumption: Only a single ON/OFF decision per cellAssumption: Only a single ON/OFF decision per cell
Complexity: 2 81 possibilities for exhaustive searchComplexity: 2 81 possibilities for exhaustive search
How big is 2 81 ?How big is 2 81 ?
1 ON/OFF = 1mm2 81 ON/OFF = the distance, light travels
during ~250.000 years!
1 ON/OFF = 1mm2 81 ON/OFF = the distance, light travels
during ~250.000 years !
or more than 25mio years when using a 3GHz computer or more than 25mio years when using a 3GHz computer
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Complexity of radio network optimization (3)omplexity of radio network optimization (3)
A radio network consists of hundreds of sectors withmultiple parameters within given parameter ranges
Radio network optimization is too complex to be donemanually
Tools that automatically find the best solution for theentire network are required
Symenas Capesso delivers the best networkconfiguration for a given network scenario
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status
2. Radio network management basics
3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators
4. Optimising short term and long term objectives
5. Methods for automated optimisation
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Layered Radio Network Optimization Challengesayered Radio Network Optimization Challenges
Propagation LayerPhysical Layer Procedures
Traffic Layer
Higher Layers &System Control
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Key techniques for 3G radio network optimizationey techniques for 3G radio network optimization
AdditionalCarriers
MHA& RET
Higherorder
Receivediversity
HSDPAEV/DOEV/DV
TransmitDiversity
MultipleAntennaPattern
SiteSharing /New Sites
AutomatedNetwork
Optimization
MicroCells
Which technology to usefor best performance?
How to achieve maximumROI?
Where to use which
technology first?
Optimum penetration ofthe advanced technology?
Getting the maximum outof the infrastructure!
SMARTANTENNAS
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Technology limits for Radioechnology limits for Radio Networketwork Optimizationptimization
Which technologies are available?RET antennasHigh power amplifiersMicro cellsHigher sectorization
Which technologies are not available butpromising?
HSDPASmart Antennas / MIMOMore frequency bands (or spectrum efficiency)
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Why remote electrical tilt antennas for 3G?hy remote electrical tilt antennas for 3G?
3G is a purely interference limited system
With the introduction/modification of a newsector/site the interference pattern and theinfluence to the neighbor can be significant!
Interference in 3G networks can be handled veryeffectively by changing the antenna tilt
RET antennas are standardized
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Remote electrical antenna tiltsemote electrical antenna tilts
Remote electrical tilt modifications can be done
with a knob at the antenna itself
on-site, but down at the ground
full remote control (via modem, wireless,at the OMC, anywhere with a laptop, etc.)
Examples: Kathrein, Andrew,Sigma wireless, Allgon, etc.AISG has 47 members
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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AntennaSystem
Manager
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Mechanical versus electrical tiltechanical versus electrical tilt
Electrical tilt has more advantages than just costs and time for the adjustment
Remote electrical tilt provides less inter-cell interference than mechanical tilts
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Cost, Time, Equipmentost, Time, Equipment
Which parameters have the highest impact on theradio network performance compared to theircosts?
Which parameters are easy to implement?
What are the side effects of radio networkoptimization?
Which modification does provide the best shortterm as well as long term solution?
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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The magic optimization trianglehe magic optimization triangleCoverage
Capacity
QoS
High coverage, high capacity and high QoS isNOT POSSIBLE at the same time!
Cost
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Optimization targetptimization target - Coverageoverage
Coverage is measured by thereceived pilot signal strength
The received pilot (CPICH) is a keyindicator for system coverage,especially indoor coverage
Symenas Capesso achieves:Better system coverageHigher received signal strengthlevelsDesign a network that satisfiesminimum coverage requirementsTarget levels individually set fordifferent areas, e.g. clutters
before
after
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Pilot pollution, SHO overhead: 1ilot pollution, SHO overhead: 1 stt 2 ndd pilotilot
Pilot pollution and SHO overheadare directly related to the differencebetween 1 st 2 nd received pilot
Both, pilot pollution and too highSHO overhead are very critical forthe initial design of a UMTSnetwork
Symenas Capesso achieves:Reduced SHO overheadReduced pilot pollutionHigher system qualityImproved overall capacity
before
after
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Overshooting, Worst polluter: 1vershooting, Worst polluter: 1 stt N thh pilotilot
Overshooting and the worst polluterare directly related to the differencebetween 1 st N th received pilot
The worst polluter depends on thenumber of implemented RAKEfingers
Symenas Capesso achieves:Eliminating the effect ofovershootingReducing the worst polluterImproved system qualityHigher network capacity
before
after
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Network quality and capacityetwork quality and capacity - Ecc /IoIo
Ec/Io considers both the signalquality as well as the interferencesituation
The interference Io includes thetraffic channels and hence thesystem load
Symenas Capesso achieves:Improve the Ec/Io level for the entirenetworkDesign a network that satisfiesminimum Ec/Io requirementsImprove system capacity
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Clutter dependent optimization weights and requirementslutter dependent optimization weights and requirements
Optimization targets can beweighted on clutter basis. E.g.:
Coverage: Rural 1; Urban 2Quality: Rural 0.5; Urban 3
Optimization requirements canbe defined individually on aclutter basis, e.g.
Coverage rural: -100dBmCoverage urban: -80dBm
Any combination of optimizationtargets is possible
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Example for a traffic mapxample for a traffic mapClutter data usually defines thebasis for any 3G trafficassumption
2G traffic measurements. Whereno 2G traffic occurs, 3G trafficis highly unlikely!
3G service expectations.Different services are expectedto happen in different locations
Temporal hotspots will have a
different pattern compared to2G
Nobody knows WHERE WHICH SERVICE will happen WHEN !
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 54
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MEN
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1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status
2. Radio network management basics
3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators
4. Optimising short term and long term objectives
5. Methods for automated optimisation
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Make sure to meet the optimization target!ake sure to meet the optimization target!
Short term aspectsMeeting regulatory requirementsSatisfying minimum service probability/qualityTime to marketReduce time for site acquisitionAdapt to the required service profilesMinimize CAPEX
Long term, strategic aspectsGrowth planAdditional sites to meet future expectationsSmooth migration planLack of additional available sitesBest network performance for lowest cost
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Widely used Key Performance Measuresidely used Key Performance Measures
CoverageReceived CPICH power levels to ensure indoor coverage
Reduce pilot pollution and SHO overheadSHO ratios of up to 50% dramatically reduce network
performance
Ec/Io to ensure service availability and considernetwork loading
Automated radio network optimization handlesthese key performance measures jointly
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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C o v e r a g e
@ Q
u a
l i t y & C a p a c
i t y
Coverage requirement
Capacity requirement
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
availablesites
time
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Maximize Performance for Multiple Outcomesaximize Performance for Multiple Outcomes
Phased radio network deployment deliversLower initial network deployment costsMaximum flexibility
Full cost and efficiency analysis
What if questions to be answeredNew requirements to be includedMultiple designs compared head to headAnalysis for cost, implementation time, report, etc.Different traffic forecasts and modelsMigration to high data rate services
Reliable results directly verified in planning tool(including measurement verification)
Reduces the deployment risksOK?
What if?
Initialrequirements
Newrequirements
Extension, NewServices, etc.
Verify withmeasurements
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 59
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1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status
2. Radio network management basics
3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators
4. Optimising short term and long term objectives
5. Methods for automated optimisation
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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How much network should be deployed when?ow much network should be deployed when?
3G radio network performance heavily depends onthe traffic requirements
Capacity estimations include anumber of assumptions
Building and optimizing 3G radionetworks on expectations is risky
What are the current limitations for3G networks?
What are the minimum requirementsfor network deployment?
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Building Networks on Assumptionsuilding Networks on Assumptions
Traffic predictionsWhen is high data rate traffic expected?Traffic patterns depend on multiple factors and they will changeWhat can happen in 3 years?Even if all assumptions are correct the last base station will bedeployed 3 years before it is needed.
RisksIf traffic develops more slowly than predicted thenwasted infrastructure will be deployed even sooner.Where is wasn't predictedServices not predictedEach risk will interact with the other Risks
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Why to optimize a network?hy to optimize a network?
Availability of sites,acquisition
Planning permission, siteupgrade
Availability ofinfrastructure, antennareplacement
What are the requirementsfor coverage, quality,capacity?
Which services areexpected when and where?How much traffic?
Service demand: Which service, where, when? How will the traffic grow Performance requirements Coverage requirements Capacity requirements
Minimum: Regulator requirements Sufficient coverage Sufficient performanceMaximum: Low CapEx and OpEx Highest flexibilityOthers: Which sites are available When are they available Deployment costs and timeadio Network
Radio NetworkOptimization
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Automated optimization reduces risksutomated optimization reduces risks
Planning Launch Operation
KPIKPI
Optimization target
Better Network for Lower CostBetter Network for Lower Cost
Assumptions Measurements Network data (RNC/OMC)
Existing Radio Network Planning Platform
Cost function
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Which parameters to optimize for improvement?hich parameters to optimize for improvement?
Pilot power and common channel power levels
Antenna Tilt
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Pattern
Antenna Height
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Which parameters to optimize? Pilot Powerhich parameters to optimize? Pilot Power
Higher pilot power larger coverage area
Pilot power can be adjusted remotely very cheaply
Changing the pilot power has an impact on theinterference, power budget and SHO performance
High Pilot Power Low Pilot Power
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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What is the effect of PILOT power changes?hat is the effect of PILOT power changes?
TXpower
PropagationLoss
RXpower Total
Interference
Eb/No
Reverse (UP) link
Due to the change in pilotpower, the effective coveragearea is affected
Far-off mobiles require more TXpower!
Forward (Down) link
The propagation loss remainsthe same
The TX power (for the pilot) is
increased
The RX power is henceincreased
The coverage area is affected
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Which parameters to optimize?hich parameters to optimize? - Tiltilt
The antenna down-tilt has similar effects as the pilot power
Large antenna down-tilt small coverage area
Antenna tilt can be done remotely Remote electrical tilt(RET) antennas.
Small Tilt Large Tilt
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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What is the effect of ANTENNA TILT changes?hat is the effect of ANTENNA TILT changes?
TXpower
PropagationLoss
RXpower Total
Interference
Eb/No
Reverse (UP) link
The propagation loss is affectedin the same way as in theforward link
The required UE TX power willbe increased/reduced
Forward (Down) link
The antenna gain is re-directed
The effective propagation lossis reduced (increased)
The RX power (andinterference) will be increased(reduced)
The coverage area is affected
The power levels are notmodified!
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
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Which parameters to optimize? Azimuthhich parameters to optimize? Azimuth
Changing the antennaazimuth influences thecoverage area
Interference pattern can behandled very effectively withazimuth changes
Azimuth is very importantfor network roll-out
Azimuth can not be doneremotely higher costs
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 70
S
MEN
SMEN
What is the effect of ANTENNA Azimuth changes?hat is the effect of ANTENNA Azimuth changes?
TXpower
PropagationLoss
RXpower Total
Interference
Eb/No
Reverse (UP) link
The propagation loss is affectedin the same way as in theforward link
The required UE TX power willbe increased/reduced
Forward (Down) link
The antenna gain is re-directed
The effective propagation lossis reduced (increased)
The RX power (andinterference) will be increased(reduced)
The coverage area is affected
The power levels are notmodified!
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 71
SMEN
SMEN
Which parameters to optimize? Antenna Patternhich parameters to optimize? Antenna Pattern
Different antenna pattern canchange the coverage and qualitymeasures significantly
Base stations need to shut downfor antenna change
Antenna pattern are unlikely tochange during operation, butlikely for roll-out
Optimizing antenna pattern ismore a strategic decision
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 72
S
MEN
SMEN
What is the effect of ANTENNA Pattern changes?hat is the effect of ANTENNA Pattern changes?
TXpower
PropagationLoss
RXpower Total
Interference
Eb/No
Reverse (UP) link
The propagation loss is affectedin the same way as in theforward link
The required UE TX power willbe increased/reduced
Forward (Down) link
The antenna gain is re-directed
The effective propagation lossis reduced (increased)
The RX power (andinterference) will be increased(reduced)
The coverage area is affected
The power levels are notmodified!
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 73
SMEN
SMEN
Which parameters to optimize?hich parameters to optimize? Antenna Heightntenna Height
Antenna height is important for below and above roof top
Antenna height can not be modified during operation
Antenna height is a strategic optimization parameter
High antennas cause a lot of interference
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 74
S
MEN
SMEN
Sectorector specificpecific onn -siteite knowledgenowledge
Some sector antennas are manually optimized or can notbe modified during an optimization
Motorway there is no intention to change azimuths
Antennas mounted on a wall
Different construction limitations
Antennas mounted on a power pole
Antennas at a mast shared with a competitor
The optimization tool has to allow to disable (limit) anymodification to these specific antenna
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 75
SMEN
SMEN
Enhanced technologies to increase Capacity & Coveragenhanced technologies to increase Capacity & Coverage
Additional Carriers
Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMA) and Tower MountedBoosters (TMB)
Higher order RX diversity
Transmit diversity
Higher Sectorization (Cell Splitting)
Infrastructure Sharing
Smart Antennas
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 76
S
MEN
SMEN
Additional Carriersdditional Carriers
Case 1:1+1+1=3 sectors(20W each)
Case 2:2+2+2=3 sectors(10W each)
Case 3:2+2+2=3 sectors(20W each)
Capacity gain is not big.Coverage is increaseddue to higher power.
About 2x the capacity(truncing gain, )
Conventionalconfiguration
Reverse link is not the
limiting factor.
Forward linkReverse link
Additional carriers bring a lot of downlink capacityAdditional carriers bring a lot of downlink capacity
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 77
SMEN
SMEN
Tower Mounted Amplifier (Mast Head Amplifier)ower Mounted Amplifier (Mast Head Amplifier)
Reduces the Noise Figure of the receiverincreases the reverse link coverage range
Effect on capacity depends on the limiting conditionsRL limited: not a great impact on the RL capacityFL limited: FL capacity is reduced due to an additional loss
MHA helps to improve the reverse link coverageMHA helps to improve the reverse link coverage
...1
+
+=
MHA
Feeder MHA
G
NF NF NF
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 78
S
MEN
SMEN
Higher order RX diversityigher order RX diversity
Only possible at the base station
Performance depends on the radio propagation channel
A number of statistically independent signals are neededmultiple antennas
sufficient antenna spacing in order to obtain independent signalscombination of various diversity methods (polarization, space, )high number of receiver branches
All received signals must have similar mean power levels
Higher order RX diversity can improve boththe reverse link coverage and capacity
Higher order RX diversity can improve boththe reverse link coverage and capacity
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 79
SMEN
SMEN
TX DiversityX Diversity
RX diversity is not possible at the mobile
TX diversity: send the information from the BS so that the signals canbe combined coherently at the mobile
Problem: FL channel estimation for pre-distortion
Open loop TX diversity: Space Time Coding
Closed loop TX diversity: MS sends feedback to BS
TX diversity will mainly improve forward link capacityTX diversity will mainly improve forward link capacity
Relatively easy to implement (cross polarized antennas)Relatively easy to implement (cross polarized antennas)
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 80
S
MEN
SMEN
Higher Sectorizationigher Sectorization
Higher number of cells per site
Choice of antennas is crucialoverlapping antenna pattern define the SHO areasincrease of intercell interference
Requires more PA, TRx, Feeder
Impact on both coverage (higher gain of the narrow-beamantennas) and capacity (less interference per cell)
Highest effect in high loaded macro-cellsHighest effect in high loaded macro-cells
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 81
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SMEN
Infrastructure Sharingnfrastructure Sharing
Construction and site premises sharingTransmission sharing (cascade, ring, star)Power/cooling system sharing (indoor)Antenna system sharing
TowerAntennasFeeder cables
Shared
feeder
Duplexer
ASC
Sharedantenna
Base stationOperator A
Base stationOperator BTo RNC
Sharedtransmission
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 82
S
MEN
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CDMA Site sharingDMA Site sharing
The antenna-to-antenna isolationhas to be at least 40dB to ensurethat no receiver sensitivitydegradation occurs.
The antenna-to-antenna isolationhas to be at least 40dB to ensurethat no receiver sensitivitydegradation occurs.
Operator A Operator B
IsolationAntenna A
Antenna B
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 83
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SMEN
Considerations for site sharing, e.g. in Europeonsiderations for site sharing, e.g. in EuropeSite (infrastructure) sharing is not always technically possible
EU approval for UK (T-mobile and mm02) includes about 10-15% ofthe population no major cities are included
There is no trans European rule for site and infrastructure sharing
Site sharing is differentto national roaming
Vendors are building infrastructurethat helps to operators to share theequipment more efficiently
Battery backupmax 15 min.
ACCU+BFU
4 2 5
3 5 0
3 0 0
2 7 5
1 4 0 0
1 6 0 0
150
OP. Equip.
575
400
225
Battery box 2 4 0
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 84
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SMEN
How do Smart Antennas enhance 3G CDMA?ow do Smart Antennas enhance 3G CDMA?
DOWNLINK
System Throughput [bit/s/cell]
C o v
e r a g e
FL Capacitylimited
Reverse link
Forward link
RL Coveragelimited
ServiceCoverage
improvement
ServiceCoverage
improvement
Capacityimprovement
Capacityimprovement
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 85
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Coverage and Capacity enhancementoverage and Capacity enhancement - overviewverview
xmart Antennas
(x)(x)(x)(x)Site Sharingxx(x)(x)Higher Sectorization
xTX Diversity
xxHigher order RX diversity
xTower Mounted Amplifier
xAdd. Carriers and Codes
capcovcapcov
Forward linkReverse link
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 86
S
MEN
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Straighttraight forwardorward workfloworkflow foror networketwork designesign
Step 1: Potential sitesExisting site locations (e.g. fromGSM, Crown Castle, etc)Hexagonal cell gridDefined site locations
Step 2: Area of interest defineFocus Zone in planning tool
Step 3: Define Roll-outrequirements
E.g. 95% coverage at -100dBm
Step 4 : Run Capesso
Step 5: Verification of the resultsin the original planning tool
Step 6: Report, Implementationplan and Financial Analysis
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 87
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SMEN
How can Capesso help?ow can Capesso help?
Capesso builds on the existing data
Multiple requirements can be considered jointlyLow initial network deployment costsMaximum flexibility
Reliable results directly verified in planning tool
Capesso provides full cost analysis
What if questions to be answered
New requirements to include automaticallyMultiple designs compared head to headAnalysis for cost, implementation time, report, etc.
OK?
What if?
Initialrequirements
Newrequirements
Capesso delivers the best results in a fraction of thetime for the manual plan
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 88
S
MEN
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Plan for network now, butlan for network now, but dontont pay now!ay now!
There is no need to deploy high capacity networks at themoment
Key criteria are based on coverage and sufficient serviceperformance, i.e. Ec/Io
Later deployment also reduces the risk of investing ininfrastructure where it might not be needed
Later deployment, optimized by an automatedoptimization tool will save about 8-12% Capex (and Opexof a similar amount)
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 89
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Practical Implementation Planningractical Implementation Planning
Theoretically all changes shouldbe implemented simultaneously
Practically changes areimplemented sequentially
What is the best order forchanges?
Highest impact firstBest valueQuickest gain
No backward step
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 90
S
MEN
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Limited Budget + Implementation Planimited Budget + Implementation Plan
Optimize budget use
Improve performanceconsistency acrossmarkets
Refine optimizationplan
Smart up yournetwork!
0
10
20
30
40
50
6070
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Budget [ % ]
G a i n [ %
]
1
2
3
beforeoptimization
55% budget80% of gain
100% budget100% of gain
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 91
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SMEN
1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status
2. Radio network management basics
3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators
4. Optimising short term and long term objectives
5. Methods for automated optimisation
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 92
S
MEN
SMEN
Networketwork optimizationptimization examplexample
Area includes about 270km 2
More than 370 candidate sites (>1100 sectors)
The optimization target was:Stage 1: Provide sufficient coverageStage 2: Increase Ec/Io for more advanced services
Maintain high flexibility of the network and keepoptimization costs as low as possible
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 93
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Stagetage 1 Requiredequired sitesites foror coverageoverage ? (1)(1)
11
93
7 5 5 7
3 9 1
1 0 9
1 2 7
1 4 5
1 6 3
1 8 1
1 9 9
2 1 7
2 3 5
2 5 3
2 7 1
2 8 9
3 0 7
3 2 5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
C o v e r a g e a r e a [ k m 2 ]
N u m b e r
o f s i t e s
These sites do not addsignificantly to the
coverage area
Later deployment of the
least significant sites Savings in Net Present Valueof both CapEx and OpEx
Capesso automatically detects which sites should be deployedand configured - and which should be delayed
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 94
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MEN
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Stagetage 1 Requiredequired sitesites foror coverageoverage ? (2)(2)
In the initial network design the most (and least)important sites are identified automatically byoptimization
The least significant sites can be delayed, as they are notneeded for the initial coverage requirements
However, all of the sites will be required for the 3G longterm requirement, especially with technologies such asHSDPA
Result: 23% less sites have been deployed (delayed) ascoverage and basic quality was the objective in Stage 1.
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 95
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Stagetage 2 Improvemprove coverageoverage andnd Ecc /Ioo (1)1)
NO additional siteshave been deployed
Only RETmodifications weredone
Significant coverageimprovements93 97% @ -70dBm
Steady improvementat all levels!
-7 0 -8 0 -90-1 01
9 0, 0 % 9 1, 0 % 9 2, 0 % 9 3, 0 % 9 4, 0 % 9 5, 0 % 9 6, 0 % 9 7, 0 % 9 8, 0 % 9 9, 0 % 1 0 0, 0
%
C o v e
r e d A r e a [ % ]
CPICH coverage threshold [dBm]
Before Capesso After Capesso
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 96
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Stagetage 2 Improvemprove coverageoverage andnd Ecc /Ioo (2)2)
Higher data ratesrequire higherEc/Io
Significant
improvements athigh Ec/Io levelscan be achieved
At low Ec/Io levelsthe manual radiodesign wassufficient
-8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14-15
4 0, 0 %
5 0, 0 % 6 0, 0 %
7 0, 0 %
8 0, 0 %
9 0, 0 %
1 0 0, 0 %
A r e a f u
l f i l l i n g E c / I o
r e q u i r
e m e n t s [ % ]
Ec/Io [dB]
Before Capesso After Capesso
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 97
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SMEN
Improvementsmprovements achievedchieved withith RETET modificationsodifications
Significant improvements in both coverage and Ec/Io
E c / I o > =
- 8
E c / I o
> = - 9
E c / I o
> = - 1 0
E c / I o
> = - 1 1
E c / I o
> = - 1 2
E c / I o
> = - 1 3
E c / I o
> = - 1 4
E c / I o
> = - 1 5
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
I m p r o v e m e n t
A performanceimprovement of morethan 40% (absolutearea!) was achieved athigh Ec/Io levels
For low levels there isno gain potential, asthe performance
requirements arealready fulfilled bymanual design
Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 98
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Capacityapacity (serviceervice probabilityrobability ) improvementmprovement
The number ofrejected users in thenetwork simulationsare reducedsignificantly.
Capesso provides anoverall better networkperformance:
More coverageBetter qualityHigher capacity
P m o b >
P m o b M a
x
P t c h > P
t c h M a x
E c / I o <
( E c / I o ) m
i n
l o a d s a t
u r a t i o n
C e l l p o w
e r s a t u r
a t i o n
M u l t i p l e
c a u s e s
A d m i s s i o
n r e j e c t i
o n
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
A v e
r a g e n u m
b e r o f r e j e c t e d u
s e r s
Before Capesso After Capesso
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Thomas Neubauer23. June 2006
Slide 99
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Changeshanges too thehe networketwork configurationonfiguration
Only RET antennamodifications were done
A standard RET antennawas used (Kathrein)
RET settings allow arange of [0..10]
Highly cost efficientoptimization solution
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
20406080
100120140160180200
N u
m b e r o f c h a n g e s
Elect rical tilt changes []