autoimmune disease.pdf

8/14/2019 Autoimmune disease.pdf

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Index1 Criteria

2 Effects of Autoimmune disease

3 Classification

4 Development of therapies

5 See also

6 Further reading

7 References

8 External links


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AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

Criteria

For a disease to be regarded as an autoimmune disease it needs to

answer to Witebsky's postulates (first formulated by Ernst Witebsky

and colleagues in 1957 and modified in 1994) Direct evidence from

transfer of pathogenic antibody or pathogenic T cells Indirect evidence

based on reproduction of the autoimmune disease in experimentalanimals Circumstantial evidence from clinical clues

Effects of Autoimmune disease

It has been estimated that autoimmune diseases are among the ten

leading causes of death among women in all age groups up to 65 years.A substantial minority of the population suffers from these diseases,

which are often chronic, debilitating, and life-threatening. There are

more than eighty illnesses caused by autoimmunity.

Classification

It is possible to classify autoimmune diseases by corresponding type of

hypersensitivity: type II, type III, or type IV. (No type of autoimmune

disease mimics type I hypersensitivity.) There is continuing debate

about when a disease should be considered autoimmune, leading to

different criteria such as Witebsky's postulates.

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular

standards for completeness. You can help by expanding itwith reliably

sourcedentries.


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Name:

Accepte

d/

suspected

Hyperse

nsitivity

I, II, III,

IV

Autoantibody Notes

Acute

disseminated

encephalomyeliti

s(ADEM)

Accept

Addison'sdisease

interferon omega;

transglutaminase;

aromatic acid

carboxylase; GAD;HAI[disambiguation needed]; 17

hydroxylase; 21hydroxylase

Agammaglobulin

emia

IGHM;

IGLL1:

CD79A;

CD79B;BLNK;

LRRC8A

Alopecia areata Accepted T-cells

Amyotrophic

lateral sclerosis

(Also Lou

Gehrig's disease;

Motor Neuron

Disease)

VCP,ATXN2,

OPTN, FIG4,

TARDBP,

ANG,

VAPB, FUS,

SETX,

ALS2, SOD1

Ankylosing

Spondylitis Suspecte

CD8; HLA-

B27

Antiphospholipid

syndromeAccepte

anti-cardiolipin;anti

pyruvate dehydrogenase;

2 glycoprotein I;

phosphatidylserine; anti

apoH; Annexin A5

HLA-DR7,HLA-B8,

HLA-DR2,

HLA-DR3

Antisynthetase

syndrome

Atopic allergy I

Atopic dermatitis I

Autoimmune

aplastic anemia


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Autoimmunecardiomyopathy

Accepted

Autoimmune

enteropathy

Autoimmune

hemolytic

anemia

Accepted IIcomplement

activation

Autoimmune

hepatitisAccepted

cell-

mediated

anti-mitochondrialantibodies; ANA; anti-

smooth muscle

antibodies, LKM-1;soluble liver antigen

Autoimmune

inner ear disease Accepted

[11]

Autoimmunelymphoproliferat

ive syndrome

Accepted

TNFRSF6;

defective

Fas-CD95

apoptosis

Autoimmune

peripheral

neuropathy

Accepted

Autoimmune

pancreatitisAccepted

ANA; anti-lactoferrinantibodiesanti-carbonic

anhydrase antibodies;

rheumatoid factor

Autoimmune

polyendocrine

syndrome

Accepted

Unknown

or

multiple

APS-1see

Addison's

disease


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Development of therapies

In both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases the condition arisesthrough aberrant reactions of the human adaptive or innate immune

systems. In autoimmunity, the patients immune system is activated

against the body's own proteins. In inflammatory diseases, it is the

overreaction of the immune system, and its subsequent downstream

signaling (TNF, IFN, etc.), which causes problems.

Mitigation of inflammation by activation of anti-inflammatory genes

and the suppression of inflammatory genes in immune cells is apromising way of novel therapies.

Further reading

Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson Fausto, Jon Aster,Robbins andCotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Elsevier, 8th edition, 2010, 1464

pp., ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5

Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, edited by Ronald

Asherson, Elsevier, in 10 Volume

Ronald Asherson, Andrea Doria, Paolo Pauletto, The Heart in Systemic

Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 1, 2004, ISBN 978-0-444-51398-4,

ISBN 0-444-51398-1

Ronald Asherson, Andrea Doria, Paolo Pauletto, Pulmonary

Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 2, 2005,

ISBN 978-0-444-51652-7, ISBN 0-444-51652-2

Ronald Asherson, Doruk Erkan, Steven Levine, The Neurologic

Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 3, 2005,ISBN 978-0-444-51651-0, ISBN 0-444-51651-4


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Michael Lockshin, Ware Branch (eds), Reproductive and

Hormonal Aspects of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 4,

2006, ISBN 978-0-444-51801-9, ISBN 0-444-51801-0

Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Ronald Asherson, Andrea Doria,

Annegret Kuhn, Giampietro Girolomoni (eds), The Skin in

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume Volume 5, 2006, ISBN

978-0-444-52158-3, ISBN 0-444-52158-5

Rolando Cimaz, Ronald Asherson, Thomas Lehman (eds),

Pediatrics in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 6, 2008,

ISBN 978-0-444-52971-8, ISBN 0-444-52971-3

Justin Mason, Ronald Asherson, Charles Pusey (eds), The Kidney

in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 7, 2008, ISBN 978-0-

444-52972-5, ISBN 0-444-52972-1

Ronald Asherson, Manel Ramos-Casals, Joan Rodes, Josep Font,

Digestive Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases,

Volume 8, 2008, ISBN 978-0-444-53168-1, ISBN 0-444-53168-8

Ronald Asherson, Sara Walker, Luis Jara, Endocrine

Manifestations of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Volume 9,

2008, ISBN 978-0-444-53172-8, ISBN 0-444-53172-6

R. Cervera, Ronald Asherson, Munther Khamashta, Joan Carles

Reverter (eds), Antiphospholipid Syndrome in SystemicAutoimmune Diseases, Volume 10, 2009, ISBN 978-0-444-

53169-8, ISBN 0-444-53169-6


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References

Witebsky E, Rose NR, Terplan K, Paine JR, Egan RW (1957).

"Chronic thyroiditis and autoimmunization". J. Am. Med. Assoc.

164 (13): 143947. doi:10.1001/jama.1957.02980130015004.

PMID13448890.

Rose NR, Bona C (September 1993). "Defining criteria for

autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited)".

Immunol. Today 14 (9): 42630. doi:10.1016/0167-

5699(93)90244-F. PMID8216719.

Noel R. Rose and Ian R. MacKay, "The Autoimmune Diseases"

fourth edition

Parham, Peter (2005). The immune system. NY: Garland Science.p. 344. ISBN0-8153-4093-1.

American Academy of Dermatology,

http://www.aad.org/public/publications/pamphlets/common_alop

ecia.html

HtmlThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,

Jump up ^ J Sieper, J Braun, M Rudwaleit, A Boonen, and A

Zink (2002). "Ankylosing spondylitis: an overview". Annals ofthe Rheumatic Diseases 61 (3): iii8.

doi:10.1136/ard.61.suppl_3.iii8. PMC1766729.

PMID12381506.

Jump up ^Khan MA, Khan MK (1982). "Diagnostic Value of

HLA-B27 Testing in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Reiter's

Syndrome".Annals of Internal Medicine96(1): 7076; au


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Certificate

The project report titled Autoimmune Disease in

Sagar city prepared by kavita Lodhi B.sc. (Biotech) Vth Sem.

under the guidance and supervision of Mr. Rakesh Kumar

Saket , for partial fulfillment of the Degree B Sc.

Signature of H.O.D.

Dr. Neera Sahay


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Acknowledgement

Preparing a project of this nature is an arduous task and I was

fortunate enough to get support from large number of person . I wish to

express my deep sense of gratitude to all those who generously helped in

successful completion of this report by sharing their invaluable time and

knowledge

It is my proud and privileged to express my deep regard to Respected Dr.

J.P.N . Pandey Principal of Govt. Girls P.G College of Excellence Sagar

Dr. Neera Sahay H.O.D. Zoology Department for allowing me to

undertake the project

I feel extremely exhilarated to have completed this project under the able

and inspiring guidance of Mr. Rakesh Kumar Saket he rendered me all

possible help and guidance while reviewing the manuscript in finalizing

this report .

I also extend my deep regards to my teachers , family members, friends and

all those whose encouragement has infused courage in me to complete the

work successfully

Kavita Lodhi

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