Autobiography

Factual account of one’s own life, usually chronological and beginning

at birth

Memoir

Similar to an autobiography, but usually more subjective (containing more emotions, memories,

author bias, and opinions). Can focus only on a certain time period or on certain accomplishments.

Biography

A factual account of someone else’s life. Attempts to be objective and is written

in the third person perspective.

Subjective:

Objective:

First Person:

Third Person:

PERSPECTIVE/POVinfluenced by personal opinions and feelings

not influenced by personal opinions and feelings. Facts only!

Written from the author’s perspective (I, me, us, we. our)

Written about another person. Can be that the author only records the person’s actions or that the author knows the other person’s thoughts and feelings (uses he, she, it, they)

Third Person Omniscient: When the author. or narrator knows everything (all thoughts, feelings, and everything else about the character(s)

Omniscient: knowing everything

A narrator who knows everything about all the characters is all knowing, or omniscient. A narrator whose knowledge is limited

to one character, either major or minor, has a limited omniscient point of view.

Autobiographies are usually written in the first person and tend to be slightly subjective.

Memoirs are similar to autobiographies; they are also written in the first person and are usually even more subjective than autobiographies.

Biographies are usually written in the third person and attempt to be as objective as possible.

literary non-fiction, historical non-fiction

“If we think of truth as something of granite-like solidity and of personality as something of rainbow-like intangibility and reflect that the aim of biography is to weld these two into one seamless whole, we shall admit that the problem is a stiff one and that we need not wonder if biographers, for the most part failed to solve it.“ – Virginia Woolf

Blurred Lines

“The Life and Times of P. Diddy”By P. Diddy

“Things Will Never Be The Same: Tupac’s Life and Legendary Career”By Julia Jones

“And you're worried, not because you're headed to meet a houseful of vampires, but because you think those vampires won't approve of you, correct?”“That's right,” I answered immediately, hiding my surprise at his casual use of the word.He shook his head. “You're incredible.”

Bella loved Edward with every cell in her body. That’s the only way teenage girls knew how to love.

Non-fiction or nonfiction is one of the two main divisions in prose writing, the other form being fiction. Non-fiction is a story based on real life facts and information . Non-fiction is a narrative, account, or other communicative work whose assertions and descriptions are believed by the author to be factual.

Non-Fiction

Essays, journals, memoirs, documentaries, scientific papers, biographies, textbooks, textbooks, encyclopedias, almanacs, legal documents, instructions, technical documentation, how-to user manuals, newspapers and magazine articles are all common examples of non-fiction works

Fiction

Fiction is the form of any work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not real, but rather, imaginary and theoretical—that is, invented by the author.

Includes novels, poems, plays, movies, short story, novellas

There are various genres such as historical fiction, science fiction, mystery, drama, horror, fantasy, literary fiction, etc.

Five Elements of FictionCharacter, plot, setting, theme, and style

A character is any person, personal, identity, or entity whose existence originates from a fictional work or performance.

A plot, or storyline, is the rendering and ordering of the events and actions of a story, particularly towards the achievement of some particular artistic or emotional effect.

Setting is the time and location in which a story takes place.

Theme is the broad idea, message, or lesson of a story.

Style includes the multitude of choices fiction writers make, consciously or subconsciously, as they create a story. They encompass the big-picture, strategic choices such as point of view and narrator, but they also include the nitty-gritty, tactical choices of grammar, punctuation, word usage, sentence and paragraph length and structure, tone, the use of imagery, chapter selection, titles, and on and on. In the process of writing a story, these choices meld to become the writer's voice, his or her own unique style.

Character: WhoPlot: What

Setting: WhereTheme: WhyStyle: How

Girls stretched and writhed under the hot water, squalling, flicking water, squirting white bars of soap from hand to hand. Carrie stood among them stolidly, a frog among swans. She was a chunky girl with pimples on her neck and back and buttocks, her wet hair completely without color. It rested against her face with dispirited sogginess and she simply stood, head slightly bent, letting the water splat against her flesh and roll off. She looked the part of the sacrificial goat, the constant butt, believer in left-handed monkey wrenches, perpetual foul-up, and she was. She wished forlornly and constantly that Ewen High had individual—and thus private— showers, like the high schools at Westover or Lewiston. They stared. They always stared.

Style?-Psychological fiction-Use of suspense, conflict-Drama and horror-Characters that create empathy, flawed and complicated, ‘hero-villains’ the reader can identify with-symbols and metaphors-In Carrie, uses ‘epistolary format’ to create a very realistic tone – used letters, newspaper and magazine clippings and book excerpts

Themes?

-“A Reverse Cinderella Fairy Tale”-The book represents the patriarchy "shrinking from a future of female equality"-omnipotence of memory-Childhood suffering creating adult monsters-complexity of human psyche (both good and evil in one person)-suppressed violence, power and sexuality hiding behind a disguise of religious/conventional values-terror lurking within normalcy – ie, the nice neighbor who is actually a serial killer

Simile

a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly

compared, as in “she is like a rose.”.

“cute as a kitten,” comparing the way someone looks to the way a kitten looks“as busy as a bee” comparing someone’s level of energy to a fast-flying bee"as snug as a bug in a rug" comparing someone who is very cozy to how comfortable a bug can be in a rug"as happy as a clam" comparing someone's happiness to the contentment of a clam"Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get." comparing the uncertainty of life to the uncertainty of choosing a chocolate from a box"as agile as a monkey" implying someone can move as well as a monkey does"as black as coal" comparing the color of something dark to the very-dark coal color"as blind as a bat" indicating that the person cannot see any better than a bat

Metaphor

a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to

something which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in “A mighty fortress is our

God.”Furthermore, a metaphor develops a comparison which is different from a simile i.e. we do not use

“like” or “as” to develop a comparison in a metaphor. It actually makes an implicit or hidden comparison and

not an explicit one

Shakespeare loves metaphorsSONNET 18Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st; So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Life is a long and winding road.My brother is the black sheep of the family.I’m a lone wolf; I don’t like to be social.You’re such an early bird.That test was a walk in the park.That quiz was easy as pie.The term is almost over, I see a light at the end of the tunnel.

AllegoryA poem, play, picture, etc, in which the apparent meanin

g of the characters and events is used to symbolize a deeper

moral or spiritual meaning

An extended metaphor. A fable or parable.

“Animal Farm”, written by George Orwell, is an allegory that uses animals on a farm to describe the overthrow of the last of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Communist Revolution of Russia before WW II. The actions of the animals on the farm are used to expose the greed and corruption of the revolution. It also describes how powerful people can change the ideology of a society. One of the cardinal rules on the farm for the animals is:“All animals are equal but a few are more equal than others.”The animals on the farm represent different sections of Russian society after the revolution. For instance, the pigs represent those who came to power following the revolution; “Mr. Jones” the owner of the farm represents the overthrown Tsar Nicholas II; while “Boxer” the horse, represents the laborer class etc. The use of allegory in the novel allows Orwell to make his position clear about the Russian Revolution and expose its evils.

Hyperbolean extravagant statement or figure of spee

ch not intended to be taken literally, as “to wait an eternity

.”.

• I am so hungry I could eat a horse.• I have a million things to do.• I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.• I had a ton of homework.• If I can’t buy that new game, I will die.• He is as skinny as a toothpick.• This car goes faster than the speed of light.• That new car costs a bazillion dollars.• We are so poor; we don’t have two cents to rub together.• That joke is so old, the last time I heard it I was riding on a dinosaur.• They ran like greased lightning.• He's got tons of money.• You could have knocked me over with a feather.• Her brain is the size of a pea.• He is older than the hills.

Personificationthe attribution of human nature or character to

animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especiall

y as a rhetorical figure.“The wind sighed sadly as it rustled the last leaves off the trees.”

The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.The run down house appeared depressed.The first rays of morning tiptoed through the meadow.She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door.He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door.The bees played hide and seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one to another.The wind howled its mighty objection.The snow swaddled the earth like a mother would her infant child.The river swallowed the earth as the water continued to rise higher and higher.Time flew and before we knew it, it was time for me to go home.The ocean waves lashed out at the boat and the storm continued to brew.My computer throws a fit every time I try to use it.The thunder grumbled like an old man.The flowers waltzed in the gentle breeze.Her life passed her by.The sun glared down at me from the sky.The moon winked at me through the clouds above.The wind sang through the meadow.The car was suffering and was in need of some TLC.At precisely 6:30 am my alarm clock sprang to life.The window panes were talking as the wind blew through them.The ocean danced in the moonlight.The words appeared to leap off of the paper as she read the story.The phone awakened with a mighty ring.The funeral raced by me in a blur.While making my way to my car, it appeared to smile at me mischievously.The car, painted lime green, raced by screaming for attention.The butterflies in the meadow seemed to two-step with one another.

The waffle jumped up out of the toaster.The popcorn leapt out of the bowl.When the DVD went on sale, it flew off the shelves.I tripped because the curb jumped out in front of me.Time creeps up on you.The news took me by surprise.The fire ran wild.The thunder clapped angrily in the distance.The tornado ran through town without a care.The door protested as it opened slowly.The evil tree was lurking in the shadows.The tree branch moaned as I swung from it.Time marches to the beat of its own drum.The storm attacked the town with great rage.My life came screeching to a halt.The baseball screamed all the way into the outfield.The blizzard swallowed the town.The tsunami raced towards the coastline.The avalanche devoured everything in its path.The pistol glared at me from its holster.The car beckoned me from across the showroom.I could hear Hawaii calling my name.