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SCOPE OF HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT IN AUTISMDr Rangadhar Satapathy.

BHMS,D.Hon

E-mail: dr.rangadhar@yahoo.com

'Autistic Spectrum Disorder' is commonly known as 'autism' and a person suffering from this illness isreferred to as 'autistic'. It is a behavioral disorder with a number of symptoms that may range from mild tosevere. No two children with autism may have exactly the same symptoms or the same experience

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM

There common signs and symptoms are -

•  little or no eye contact, facial expressions, and/or body language

•  unable to form friendships with their peers

•  not willing or able to share enjoyment or accomplishments with others

•  unable to relate or share emotions on a social level

•  doesn’t talk or doesn’t use language properly

•  doesn’t respond to voices or other sounds

•

  no attempt to replace language with another form of communication•  unable to talk with another person even if they have the ability to talk

•  repeating words or having echolalia (echoing words without meaning)

•  no imaginative play (doesn’t pretend or play make-believe games)

•  obsessed with a certain topic or object

•  focused on specific routines or rituals that have no practical function

•  repetitive actions or movements like flapping, spinning, and/or body movements

•  intense preoccupation with parts of objects

•  extra sensitive to certain sounds, smells, tastes, or textures

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Recent studies suggest that autism's mechanism includes alteration of brain development soon after

conception. Just after birth, the brains of autistic children tend to grow faster than usual, followed bynormal or relatively slower growth in childhood. It seems to be most prominent in brain areas underlyingthe development of higher cognitive specialization.

The hypothetical causes of early overgrowth of brain areas occurs due to:

•  An excess of neurons that causes local overconnectivity in key brain regions.

•  Disturbed neuronal migration during early gestation. Neuronal migration is the method by whichneurons travel from their origin or birth place to their final position in the brain.

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•  Unbalanced excitatory–inhibitory networks.

Abnormal formation of synapses and dendritic spines, for example, by modulation of the neurexin– neuroligin cell-adhesion system, or by poorly regulated synthesis of synaptic proteins.( A neurexin (NRXN) is a presynaptic protein that helps to glue together neurons at the synapse.Neurexins are type I membrane proteins that can be classified into two types, -NRXNs and -NRXNs.

Neurexins mediate signaling across the synapse, and affect the properties of neural networks byspecifying synaptic functions)

Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system begin early during the embryonicstage of life, and successful neurodevelopment depends on a balanced immune response. Aberrantimmune activity during critical periods of neurodevelopment is possibly part of the mechanism of someforms of ASD. Although some abnormalities in the immune system have been found in specificsubgroups of autistic individuals, it is not known whether these abnormalities are relevant to or secondaryto autism's disease processes.

The mirror neuron system (MNS) theory of autism hypothesizes that distortion in the development of theMNS interferes with imitation and leads to autism's core features of social impairment and communicationdifficulties. The MNS operates when an animal performs an action or observes another animal performthe same action. The MNS may contribute to an individual's understanding of other people by enabling

the modeling of their behavior via embodied simulation of their actions, intentions, and emotions. Severalstudies have tested this hypothesis by demonstrating structural abnormalities in MNS regions ofindividuals with ASD. However, individuals with autism also have abnormal brain activation in manycircuits outside the MNS. (Source-Wikipedia)

ASD-related patterns of low function and aberrant activation in the brain differ depending on whether thebrain is doing social or nonsocial tasks. In autism there is evidence for reduced functional connectivity ofthe default network, a large-scale brain network involved in social and emotional processing, with intactconnectivity of the task-positive network, used in sustained attention and goal-directed thinking. In peoplewith autism the two networks are not negatively correlated in time, suggesting an imbalance in togglingbetween the two networks, possibly reflecting a disturbance of self-referential thought.. 

SCOPE OF HOMEOPATHY TREATMENT IN AUTISM

The scope of homeopathy treatment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is very good. It is becausehomeopathy treats the patient as a whole. The proper constitutional homeopathy treatment basing uponthe existing physical, mental, psychological and behavioral symptoms can cure the autistic spectrumdisorder successfully. No autism child is similar to another autism child in the symptoms or behavior wise.Everyone has their own individualize characteristic symptoms and the homeopathy treatment also targetsthe individual characteristic symptoms of every case of ASD child and treats accordingly. The successrate is very good in ASD by proper homeopathy treatment.There are some hypothetical pathophysiological explanation how homeopathy helps in ASD. After birth,the brains of autistic children tend to grow faster than usual, followed by normal or relatively slowergrowth in childhood. This is because abnormal formation of synapses and dendritic spines caused bymodulation of the neurexin–neuroligin cell-adhesion system, or by poorly regulated synthesis of synaptic

proteins, neurexin (NRXN). A neurexin (NRXN) is a presynaptic protein that helps to gluetogether neurons at the synapse. Neurexins mediate signaling across the synapse, and affect theproperties of neural networks by specifying synaptic functions. Thus in this stage the proper constitutionalhomeopathy remedies help to maintain the normal NRXN level by enhancing its synthesis or fixing theabnormalities in neurexin–neuroligin cell-adhesion system, thus help normal synapse formation andmaintain normal signaling across the synapse. So helps in normal functioning of that part of brain by acontinue constitutional homeopathy treatment.The immune system and nervous system are closely interrelated to each other. Any aberrant immuneactivity during critical periods of neurodevelopment is possibly part of the mechanism of some forms ofASD. Thus a successful neurodevelopment depends on a balanced immune response. A constitutional

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homeopathy treatment modulates the body immune system as the minute dose of homeopathy works atthe dynamic level in the body. Thus it helps to keep a good link between immune system and nervoussystem and helps in autism case for a normal development of brain.