UNCLASSIFIED

AD NUMBERAD 313258

CLASSIFICATION CHANGES

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LIMITATION CHANGES

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unlimited

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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't.agencies only; Specific authority; 30 July1959. Other requests shall be referred toDiamond Ordnance Fuze Labs, Washington,DC.

AUTHORITYOCA, 26 Jun 2000; Diamond Ordnance FuzeLabs, Washington, DC.

THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED

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"NOTICaE When Government or ot•Ier drawirV. specifications or

other &3ta arc used for any pupose other than in connection with

a definitdv related Government Frocurement operation, the U.S.

Goovernment thereby incurs no respons~iiy. nor any obligation

uhatsoever, and the fact that the Government may have formulated,

furnished, or in any way suppli'ed the said drawings, specifications

or other data is not to be regadred by implkation or otherwise as

b any manner lkenskq the holder or any other person or corpora-

tion. or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture. use or

sd any patented in-entioti that may in any way be related thereto.

Ip

DISCAIEINOTIC

THIS DOCUMENT "I"S B EST~QUALITY AVAILABLE H COPYFURNISHE TO DTIC CONTAINEDA SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF

PAGES WHICH DO NOr"REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.

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seproidctlin. of tais &=Me~t, i va -o zr inpart, by an ag acy ou e th Dipartzmet ofDfaeIs priblbM except with permissono a* atOraw Pus ?abmstarles; WIM. ABMA I& sthm-Ised to rep ae, ftement Itir Ilte utalt 39v--s am vy' paoes uthr stributla wy be mae

Ca3y to endsm esewles, and06c eadtlo. as-tr1~~i~m wll, e te ozad to ASTA..

tw yuwwts for M ofima this d~r t v6 be ageto the Arme Sarvicas Twbicma1 Iart~mtia siyArlington bIs Station, Arlingto 12. Yfrginia.

This icciast is frwniabe trM lamatoinMa Caland my not be relemed to wW otba =%I vltbmspeciftc approvaml by the Assistant Mieof atSuatt rIntelligence, Department of the ArWy. It wll be at-tazted the wavelaee of security --- tect!:m as %hatsifordad by the Department or the &w. It OW notbe used tor other than uilitsz7 purwas. Uaem tomake, use or sell the mabject natter of any tuwwntimdisclosed in this doceamt is not &matAl, an c

manfacture, me or sale of m~r& eti=s is at therisk of tte recipleat of this ioetxam.

When need for this dociment no 1~gw eziats, itahotil4 be returned to AT1A.

ThIs document con tains Iaftrzmt:L % c-tiz theDstl~m1 defense of the tnit..d States w4.tbhi tbw amn-ing Of the esPiOrmge LIms, title 15, ULS.C., 793 and79~a. its Umazlssion or the rewel-at-lo of its ==-tentz- in InY Mune? to An un~xtarthoe: pezrs Is ;ro-hibiteaz by 1m.

3MUMM OPIAN= 7r*A LABMRTCt1

=L prw-J. 3%2' 30 Zuhlj 17,9 copy h..__

Ger~al V. XLVMa

Apm by:

Chief, tabomatoy 300

TABLE OF CVMMMS

pape

1. hdr uctloa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

2. Cow1a, aonad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. ,h.om buo, ... .. . 3

4. Sm azy o 1irmg Tests ........... ... . 6

L Dmaim of FiuingTests . .6

6. Acwvledgment .. . . ... .... ... S

7. Rafearces . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... .

APPENIx . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )3

3

xxr OF FPSURZ

1~mv L 81.l-mm ~t iekl-I mmls w flrbs. . . . . . . . 3

1Fgure 3. A Ulfaze and osdIl rz-ei~aded view .. . . . . . . 11

Figuze4. 81--mm W Tabcemeauvbl .. .. .. .. .. .. 12

7%=-e . S Uimý dupagr*-=mp~ier A. . . . . . .. . . . . 14

r4P"z s. P~ot ow . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . * . is 1

Y!~uz' 7. ~*voltage vs dutmnoe from ground (Amptflar A) . . . . 17

F4PurB. Secematledodsaram-uPlifL~rB .......... . 1B

FYgum 9. OututTatvoIge %v IM p tao p (Azip~ifezuA idB) . . . . 13

Flguz 10. Output voltag. vs di.sance from ground (A~pi~flar B) . . . . 20

4

aMMrACr~

?Wen-Ohre 'Vpgrefte" fo'',ue maIn mofdW1--.mnata sheU andtouted by f.Id flrto at tm u Ire8n. The scozu want

if - pr~r ftmetion

3 - Imbftorminato

2 - eary

2 - toh teat

F~wtton lweg#TzyrWe from 1 to 6 Inches dove poiuzm. These tests shxved

that C~gnvftt Ain" anu xultobIO fcr use with projectiis.

TU arigima C~awoba Am w.a dweloped for a. hand pvm&. The emtze Amz,fi-uct ownr suppy and safistr and aruuir tusemnis-n vat isbriated in a pack-ape uhe~i in aims imi 66"p to a king-sized cigueltt. Howinerhi damI= ua notcarr~d heyuid prabitp datig. Mar dem -sub -,W -a of dAP tyM of hmz hadlaLso bma beilt (ruts 2 3) prior to tohb --t 4neczied in Woi riport, but hese=Mos -r vem wX ulcd for flung.

72 Cigarette hmIs an. a-* capan fase. The prbzui~go of opszatka Isdescr~w ý.n xerefr 1.ZeerAWfl&), ,- b causists of a bo4 dy h two else-trodeA Theo4ecr lng betumn the eIeotads changes wham the body ap-proaches so= objet ck * -The f-a moaswes th champ. in ifectzwe andthis aig:ai !.s used to 2-- a &Aonatr. D~ign dat.is are ttcosied in the zp~ndtc.

710 tets deuar'Srd baraLa wo ere cospd to demonstrhis tbAt C4;azed ftws*odd be No~t to m~w-.m tbo comonftas of projetile firing aod W o btcm proprlywhoa aproaching UazVO at pzoje-.Ule SqiiiK.

Tbs *4 Wshew d t Cigarette Am*s are suiabl for in~ ý : proj~xtIwe.

3. RXCCMXaUM'ATXW

3MXX1 Zzetors &Dud be Llweagtlp. in tde bnVtbr chveopuwz of &-.c*Capects. &Mse. amIs the pOSDIAlh'Y of elIMS mug oAH-400ia of th ar-w

space sig4. Awbrao~ s thse aot os a beigt and free-spwe slgz~l of theshame voas1 , and so- df the anb=Laa.. other forms of firing eircultu &bcd beOonsld3ersd such, as ft & of oold-cathodn thy-afron or =ind-stt switthes.

5

To tammem the sita&-t n~oise ratio "d for addltozuI pr:4ecton against inter-,aretcc. Ustatres soeb as tuned inpau i~r == ad .,i-achr~oas detectionc ~an beconsidered. Magnetic abeldfng between oecThak': ar4z-de may not be =cc-0SaX7 1, bu additioca~l experimental work is r*qu~r- to determzIne 4ci~a1 sh-PAd

4. WXA .IY OF FMfLG TESTs

Twmy-three rwn~ds were ftrsd and the following scez* was obtaired.h

16 - proper 5%oction

3 - Indeterminate

2 - .eziy

2-ast~z test

The details of the tests are vaanmazized L.i ~tae 1.

5. DETAILS OF MING TESTI

MW test vehicle selecte was the 31-mm mortar &be-' fired with two z.-a;mew~. The W3V be nowe cones. e-. r'nal power supply, and safety andarmLng wecbanieu were usend to expee ' abrication of th necessary bardvm-re.The ase11ly to A n n In flwams I tha =,t 4. Holes In dw side of the shellwort closed with pimp Inseaded to blmou st al detce.-mso Iat the flash wvaua be

IfmPPhIka coverage was usedlto bade htiancto 1, *zts. Hilgh-speed=3trpicuares wvre takes at toe dme the 3641 a~o: the . Ad, and low-speedpitcuves were takns wfth a background bft, marked off ta !eet from pmand. j: thespot wbere the shell landtd. When th two pictuars were- evwpred, the beigbi ofthe flAsh above the a.~i was obta'tsd. ab distance fr-- n!ose to flash hale wssubtrated to obtain the duiix- e bet-een the r.es and t'e gV-_*= at the tl~e :f theClash. Act Aul actaiomng could have bma sowmewhat -r t*- the measured sash(abouzt =0 inch) becz~za of the mo~tos between frama 'zoalt were rvunded to thenext hiher fall inch. The !anctlon height varted fro.. _- t six Inches.

flrag of the Z3 rcsmels was begsan 5s S Wveznber 13"S6. Of two rounds I.red.the amrs ro2ad ahowred a think near %he gruand, and the seemd showed no flask.After ramcovry. It vwa determined that :be gecond haze bid ftoctiongd. SIm iartroubles at a later dam asM ~am, sod basaw.

Three more raunds weefrdV3~'~ar ~9 he anrt rmundefaahedabae pound. tae eccmed Wa a propuflest Sihaure and edd ut reach u-nlng ;t:*cxty,and the frd flashbed above gsaid.

b ZL Frsbray U~39, seven r~d were fired.~ foz vere suocessam indthre shamed no flash. Firing was tbes stopped untLI the :-nds cc "I be r.m'crerd

6

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TABLE I

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U-" Ampf~ ~ m Tmoo~ C"~ Irrak

A 3b OW bmaint

3 3b 3b Propeamt 6ibav--ft d1d not arm

2-U-09 3-B No ab UBan7 doeult

5-3 lb Y" 64 maw1tPIZPIct

T-3 Mb Diam4pluo intact5-B, IM T" 4

10-3 ISO T" 3 Blowout $up izwU1-3 lb Mww blowout plop intact

3-20-59 2-3, Tes yes 413-8 yes yes 414-B Tms yes20-EL TO Tea I21-B yes yes 52-3- yes yes I

23-B Ye Yes I34-B TmO NIG i5s c L~mc oa25-3 Tms Tft 2

4-1-59 9-3 yes yes I .ht t mdersw reni15.-B yea Mbode: Le to )l.gw rain;

* * ~kdatazrLi=ae - m flask w". c-bdrved ba recovered bazehd ftkxt~omd. Be-IXqved to be proper hacdom but wrv-cg orietadon to so 2-uk ý-: w tatryi was

SECRET T

1W ex=nta Two of the aa Lf remo W& bnue 5amer. a am-the gW wire!MM and :be at- a~ ý jo* bad been hPMi .xsL It-

tbad the Du b pywdez van at =fflNf PumrW to ZIN Liflafb L~mkc~=in&. thecim wota of the nw hmw d IP be WakIe, and as Ase OMAf kCUfJishod be sdnak*Ad for am aff dolasA poe dbsa in hem r . TIMbava~k bed ime ftoWWi and *Metd iWaft~al to OM manr. bW 2Mh PovA 1

~tltn swamC tetryl toPW~irGOit = &iUM ai ary. ?be ' zdAoft-aaugm indW the deoxwor in lim bu t~ dommo Nod not n red it was fired~afy le a laborgory aw. Ummr ft IL4-volt bet~ry - still goo&safter It should have bees.-= bm and Ow bmulm coomcxti W ZroLund mas

spam. Uwe@ ths anWILifer be A bees eiLTherefore. Cais r=Wn mus --iibred a !=tes;. A com1la I P , a screw a" a SoUnimr lu:. in tuM

-me W~fe wn t been wbhred, ad msbelieved to bae opened from tic

aimek of flrin.

On April 1. IL". two inmu round se 2 rad. The fir st vLz ed ini ligto iorats rain and ftzut:3= insfautorily. The seconxd was l'ed La modenueto~hazvy rain and L m-butd in -4-air after L2 seconds. h .e-iesaraz-

bated to t~w same unoldered enrm~ectioe metae~d above. I is sumued tiat tuco-ectlooopazed fromvibr= ; rirg flig and removed thel 4as from t:-.th17atzn, tUs CaSnui CA dez-ctlon.

*. ACIC40WIZDGU NTS

Johin J. Nrurlai and Ja~e Uisca ef 3 cadcted t:,a ri .'al N -1sse z!Chus prozect. LloYd R. C~v -p,!rveIojxd ;* eectmn~ic c~ircLui*--. Tie 3Mocal S.Wfatbricated CA e.!ectron.±c c :r-;=nt usejia %L& ?IrL'.& tcssu.

7. REFERENCES

(1) IL P. X-1m.s 1 ±greuxFu (Uj)i rCi. RPue p 73 Secrzet 1

(G (. R- Yetteir, "A_ X-atiare Trznz-rarzed Fuse For Mcr Ran_-es-

(3) Zenut;A 7_"s Corporztan F.ua. Loporo- Secret. DOFL :-cDA-&S-Lg6-502-CRD-ITS. May 133a.

(4) Lloyd Ri. Crump. "A Irmsistar Sow Wave Oscillator. -OY0.-L RepcrtTR-i3". June 1958. (rcfcre3=%d la

(5) Lloyd R. Crump. "F'ctr-'ic C~rý=r For El'tuteCaaiyFzFor Mfortar Fiig"() O.ipiIll-~-.Corfikk.-r~uz Fzbnriay .3(refferenccd in a~pe~ndi)

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Brveial cam*turads were conside red for dhe telctroa. packages. Thearraanseet used was move diMcult to achieve but At was selected to uimlateproposed ame of th bae. in this Vr~pooed use, the ouwans r and amplifler were

1k eat to eaich a* c. and a loan#shlekc :ead was ;aed on the oeci~ator output.Ths axragmqpmw rujazad the oiclflptor output lead to pass through the amplifierI ce. Since there wa so arnte to determinie the a~ow an type of shiekri%necessary betwei o scillator and amplifier, fsLLly heavy magnet1a ari-d ek~ctroeatcOW~MN~ vw-As d The now. antennea ofthe M517 luo was usaW As the ampliaer

ane, % & hemlsatd ring was inserted betw~een the shell ad do tail boom forsntsnnetý

A switch -for the mercury battery (in the forma zf a grounding screw) winadced an the later node's so that assembly of the packagev for firing couald be madewithout having tha amp~t, r energized. Without the switch. the round hod to be firedwithia two hairs of Assembly to inusre that the battery voltage had not fallen off.

lhe MS8 detanator was tested with 2a electroa~c bzresiload simuiar±ng theproposed Ar~ng cftr.ut of the faz. This detonator vua selected because of its shce.ftweticelng drme (about S microseconds). Horwever. ;his detonator did not 4pear tobe sufficiently reliable when used with the proposed circait. (One "a was otainedand, weam uaej i w a OM7yl ead, the dwant in Me test block varied from 0. 03.0 toCON5 Inch). Tb.,. th MaZ detonator, which Is mnore sensitive and more directional

6 is in It3 ezpkaeive output. was tested. Its functioning Uz varied tip to 64 microsecondswhen testaid at 100 volts. This delay in function was considered acceptable. and theMS2 detona-or ws selected for the field tests.

ELECTIK)NIC FEAr.RES

The oscillatr wass based on the circuit of reference t. T'--- unplifler wasbasied an the cirmAi of reference 2, with output modL'.ed to use a thyratroa !orfiring a detonatr, and the bandwidth reduced for im;proved signal-to-noise ratio(ref 5). The flriat circuit was deviiloped to suit the application.

The oscillator was constructed in accordane *,zh the schemnatic of n~pre 5.The first oecillnto- coils were wvuu4 with Ceroc *ire. This wire earn found to betoo Uiard to work with becatiss ut I#% smnall size (44) and the difficulty of str-4ping thelnoulatlcaa. Wire with Insulation of tbe Forrnex-For--mr-Nyclad t-ype was Suit-atitated. tM was satisfactory; sizes 36 ant; 421 were ;."e. The Iron core was o~f theshape shown In flixmr 6.

These oscillators hid a reaonant frequency of zrver 40) ic. W1*n the shieldedoutput lead was added the frequency dropped to abct 2.5 icc. Therefore, a=plixerswere designed'to peak near 25 icc. LAter, with a d4 'e*rmnt lot of cores the frequencyof the oeci-lators with leads fell as low as 13 kc. The frequency was brougtx up tothe 25 ice rep4.a by grinding tL_ center of t~c core a liew thousand tts of an ý.ch belowth. outside face. leaving a stalil airspace In tht- center :eg.

13

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The am1pliler was also oonstrucmd .a accordance with fI,=ar 5. flrstattenpts atbull.ci the mliflar pve unsitisfactory results. na.lly a wrckzirgmodel was buiIt by providing cowper saiekb between the frst rd second stages andhsawvem the &Anl &W fimrth stagea. The transawnva~r was fabricuAds~s tbq he one,d Io:.6, ,

TM system was checked by tains g It in a shell with te Intcmded e•teralOmfB j-uratil and without the neuuni-zc mpeacitor. Oscillator Lad amplifier waOm-rzed with batteries cont-aied witbin the shell, and a d-c wdtmeter vith 1-meg-"ohm reistance, was Inserted in the uutput circuit at the test lead. This vo1t.twas also'nourted within the sheli. The shell was hung in the air with insulangeords. The free space signal input to the amPlifier was obslred to satnurt

Saenslflar. The pin of the amplifier s lowered untl the arnpifler 'As notatur-ted, and thes the voltage output was obherved. Next a low impedance sZIPAsource at the oscalator freq•ancq was aqppid to the ampllfer Im•at A 4-millivoltsinal was requred to ge the aoUfLe'- outautaobtainedfa free space.

Tb oz40nal aminlflowS atzrated at 15 volts de with 1.5 y rs input. Tfree Space sipal was thus -prw-xznattly three fine the sig.al r-•e of the ampll-fter. Dearezzing the aipliuar r-a would dcrease the fucxtion height. Forexampe, If the gain were wzueas•, so Owt S-mv input would i.-e 15 volt output,the free space output w.rnld be about 10 vol.s. and the function hate- for I- voltsoutput would be about 1 inch.

Taincre.ae the function ,e t it was decided to retain the fu lml-;fUe r n,and to neualLz& the free space si 1,tal with a 4-mv signal. 71b pb.se of the 4-z-vsignal was reversed with respect to tlo space sign=l. This wzfn-*=•zoa was pro-vided with a tap an the oscllatcr and an adjustable capacitor volt:. divider Vs feeda signal to the ampller antenna. With use of the adjustable c apacior the freespace sinal could be neutrli zed readily to within 0.2 mY.

A shell with free space neutralization was bung on an 1nsul:,.ng cord withnose end down, and the voltage output of tti amplifier was recorded as a !nctionof the cistance frum the shell to 4 round phte. Typil results ae shown, in fl&are1. The atr.t-Una result Is cuAusod by the nnlizlearity of the -.. or. Ahyp.rboUc type of curve would result from a linear a•nplifer.

A ddlfferetiAzng network was used on the output of the tampirfer so tkitfring of ta detoator would occur ca a c!•nge of sial rather tham an the .g-nitude of the sipal. The bold-off bas on the thyrumn grid is -4.4 volts %nA thethyrtro fires with a bWs of about -3. 0 volts. ThMs a ra•id 4-volt change InamAiier ou:put is necessary to f11e the rcund. Fr=m the curve In figure 7 it isseen that the road should ILre about 4 inches above the gro=d. nve rounads zfthis type were fabricated but only tmo chicked out suitabl for Ari.g.

At about thLs tme it uas learned that the U13S trmnsistars 'ased in the m-plifler had a hih Lailure raw when f1red at 10 Incremetit (71,004 n. Tests werecond-cied with these transstors t detcrnz if mh, would be st'abLe for use itlowur acceleraon. Twenty tnsstors "kr- flr.4 in tha S-mra= =rtr with acharge of three incrmentas (2300 In. Fifteen units were oriented so that the ac-ceearaaing force was norn24l to the iurfacu of Lhu~ ;:.n1=iuin wnaier. Four unitsfalled. Flva LAits were oriented wvth tbw z,.elv:.ting ur%'e pxallrel to .th w3!er,

:%d uce of thesu failed. To ruduce tLa ~t' h-, tr~ui~isti~rs, t.he two mo zds,re fired at ozw i&ccercz.czt (1000 ~..

Ta 4 " .d E "0 4 Ustall "f as.-. ml o so *It &-% tto4:C d ") oWS "b s . a1"maOtM& oo a ~ 1 " 00 VLw

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