ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ANDCHEMOTHERAPYVOLUME 34 * JANUARY 1990 * NUMBER 1

Robert C. Moellering, Jr.,Editor in Chief (1990)

New England Deaconess HospitalBoston, Mass.Michael Barza, Editor (1990)New England Medical Center

HospitalsBoston, Mass.Lawrence E. Bryan, Editor (1992)University of CalgaryCalgary, Alberta, Canada

George L. Drusano, Editor (1993)University of Maryland School ofMedicine

BaltimoreJack M. Gwaltney, Jr., Editor (1990)University of Virginia School ofMedicine

Charlottesville

George A. Jacoby, Jr., Editor (1990)Massachusetts General HospitalBostonChristine C. Sanders, Editor (1994)Creighton University School ofMedicine

Omaha, Neb.John A. Washington II, Editor (1991)Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, Ohio

EDITORIAL BOARDVincent T. Andriole (1990)Gordon L. Archer (1992)George R. Aronoff (1992)Rashmi H. Barbhaiya (1992)Arthur L. Barry (1992)John G. Bartlett (1990)Arnold S. Bayer (1991)William M. Bennett (1990)Michel G. Bergeron (1992)Richard F. Bergstrom (1991)Karen K. Biron (1990)Gerald P. Bodey (1992)Ward Bullock (1990)Karen Bush (1991)Henry F. Chambers (1991)Sara H. Cheeseman (1992)Anthony Chow (1991)Patrice Courvalin (1991)William A. Craig (1990)Naomi Datta (1990)William E. Dismukes (1990)Gary V. Doern (1990)Susan M. Dorrbecker (1992)Michael N. Dudley (1992)R. Gordon Douglas, Jr. (1992)John C. Drach (1990)David Durack (1991)Theodore Eickhoff (1991)George M. Eliopoulos (1991)Arthur English (1992)

Robert J. Fass (1991)Stuart Feldman (1991)John N. Galgiani (1990)N. H. Georgopapadakou (1991)Dale N. Gerding (1991)Allan Godfrey (1990)Thomas D. Gootz (1991)Sherwood L. Gorbach (1992)Stephen B. Greenberg (1992)Scott M. Hammer (1992)Margaret R. Hammerschlag (1992)Robert E. W. Hancock (1992)W. Lee Hand (1992)H. Hunter Handsfield (1992)Frederick G. Hayden (1990)Leonid B. Heifets (1990)David C. Hooper (1990)Richard Hornick (1992)Michael R. Jacobs (1990)Susan E. Jensen (1991)James H. Jorgensen (1990)A. W. Karchmer (1991)Donald Kaye (1991)Herbert Kirst (1992)George S. Kobayashi (1991)Jeffrey R. Koup (1990)Donald J. Krogstad (1992)Philip Todd Lavin (1992)Stephen A. Lerner (1992)Stuart B. Levy (1992)

David R. Luke (1990)Gerald L. Mandell (1992)Joseph Marr (1992)Gary R. Matzke (1992)George H. McCracken (1990)Antone A. Medeiros (1990)Michael Miller (1990)Barbara E. Murray (1990)Henry W. Murray (1990)John D. Nelson (1992)Harold C. Neu (1992)Franklin Neva (1992)Wright Nichols (1992)Lawrence A. Pachla (1990)Joseph S. Pagano (1990)Thomas R. Parr, Jr. (1991)James E. Pennington (1992)T. J. Perun (1992)Lance R. Peterson (1991)Philip A. Pizzo (1991)Richard C. Reichman (1992)Douglas D. Richman (1990)Allan Ronald (1990)John P. Rosazza (1992)Jon E. Rosenblatt (1991)Robert H. Rubin (1990)Merle Sande (1991)W. Eugene Sanders, Jr. (1990)W. Michael Scheld (1992)Raymond F. Schinazi (1992)

Fritz D. Schoenknecht (1992)Robert T. Schooley (1990)William M. Shannon (1992)Charles Shipman, Jr. (1991)David M. Shlaes (1991)Robert W. Sidwell (1990)Fritz Sorgel (1992)P. Frederick Sparling (1990)David P. Speert (1991)Harold Standiford (1991)David A. Stevens (1992)Charles W. Stratton (1991)Stephen E. Straus (1990)R. Sutherland (1991)Richard B. Sykes (1991)Francis Szoka (1992)Francis P. Tally (1990)Fred C. Tenover (1991)Alexander Tomasz (1991)Roger D. Toothaker (1991)Francis L. S. Tse (1992)Michael Waring (1990)Bernard Weisblum (1991)Peter F. Weller (1992)Richard Wise (1992)John S. Wolfson (1990)David J. Wyler (1992)Geoffrey J. Yuen (1992)Lowell Young (1991)

Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications BoardLinda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Journals Carol J. Neff, Production Editor

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ISSN 0066-4804), an interdisciplinary publication of the American Society for Microbiology,1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005, is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge relating to all aspects of antimicrobial,antiparasitic, and anticancer agents and chemotherapy. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints areavailable from the editors and the Publications Department. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is published monthly, one volume peryear. The nonmember subscription prices are $220 (U.S. and Canada) and $250 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single copies are $40.The member subscription prices are $35 (U.S. and Canada) and $61 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single copies are $10. Corre-spondence relating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies, availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, disposition of submittedmanuscripts, and general editorial matters should be directed to the ASM Publications Department, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.,Washington, DC 20005 (phone: 202 737-3600).

Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publicationof the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missingbecause of failure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed.

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20005, and at additional mailing offices.POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington,

DC 20005.Made in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper.Copyright C 1990, American Society for Microbiology. El*: 1iL1Wk ;rTf# 143III.All Rights Reserved.The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be

made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the statedper-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale.

Author IndexAbraham, Paul A., 128Aldridge, Kenneth E., 179Armstrong, Donald, 29Arneson-Rotert, Lynnett, 159

Baba, Masanori, 134Barrett, John F., 1, 8Beauchamp, Denis, 139Bedsole, Glenn, 65Belshe, Robert B., 25Benes, Solomon, 148Bergeron, Michel G., 139Bernard, Edward M., 29Blaser, Jurg, 98Bouchenaki, Nadia, 21Bredberg, Anders, 167Broder, Samuel, 82Brown, Barbara A., 65

Carbon, Claude, 150Caufield, Page W., 153Childers, Noel K., 153Chopra, Ian, 111Chou, Ting-Chao, 82Clark, Richard B., 159Cooperman, Barry S., 71Covino, Jean Marie, 148Crawford, R. A., 161Cuchural, G. J., 117Cummings, Marinella, 148Currens, Michael J., 82

De Clercq, Erik, 134De Pedro, M. A., 164Dionian, Barbara, 176Draft, Kenneth, 148Dudley, Michael N., 98Duriex, Dennis E., 25

Edwards, Fitzroy F., 29Egbaria, K., 107

Fernandez, Carmen L., 71Fierer, Joshua, 13Fillastre, J. P., 17Fine, Robert L., 82Finegold, Sydney M., 179

Finley, Fred, 13Forsgren, Arne, 167Fukuoka, Yoshikazu, 94

Gentry, Layne O., 40Gilbert, Deborah, 98Gilligan, P. H., 161Gootz, Thomas D., 1, 8Gorog, Sandor, 134Gourde, Pierrette, 139Graham, Donald R., 65Gros, Isabelle, 150Gyorgyi-Edelenyi, Judit, 134

Hacker, Keith, 111Halstenson, Charles E., 128Hanberger, Hakan, 102Hashimoto, Masahisa, 89Hayashi, Seiji, 82Heim-Duthoy, Karen L., 128Hirata, Cheryl A. I., 128Hoge, C. W., 161Hori, Seiji, 58Huggler, Elzbieta, 21Humbert, G., 17Hurlbut, S., 117

laconis, Joseph P., 44Ikeda, Yasushi, 94Inoue, Matsuhisa, 173Isaac, Charles E., 121Ishiguro, Edward E., 164

Jacobson, Mark A., 176Janda, J. Michael, 159Jones, Alan, 121

Kaji, Masanobu, 58Kaneko, Satoshi, 58Kihlstrom, Erik, 102Kirkland, Theo, 13Kittayanond, D., 107Konno, Masatoshi, 170Korting, H. C., 78Kotera, Yasuo, 173Kurobe, Nobuyuki, 89

Kusajima, Hisao, 58Kusser, Wolfgang, 164

Leroy, A., 17Lew, Daniel P., 21Lister, Philip D., 159Low, Mikl6s, 134

Madan, Elio, 25Mailer, Rolf, 102Manavathu, Elias K., 71Markiewicz, Zdzislaw, 33Matsuhashi, Michio, 170Matzke, Gary R. 128McCormack, William M., 148Mills, John, V, 176Misulovin, Ziva, 111Mitsuhashi, Susumu, 173Mitsuya, Hiroaki, 82Miyahara, Tadashi, 58Moreillon, Philippe, 33Morris, J. G., Jr., 161Motomura, Keiko, 94Mutschler, E., 78

Nachman, Sharon, 33Nagy, Mikl6s, 134Nakamura, Shinichi, 89Nikaido, Hiroshi, 52Niki, Yoshihito, 29Nilsson, Lennart E., 102Nishino, Takeshi, 94Nonoguchi, Ritsuko, 170

O'Donnell, James J., 176O'Hanlon, P. N., 161Ohue, Tomio, 89Ooie, Tsuyoshi, 58

Pauwels, Rudi, 134Pellerin, Michel, 139Pettigrew, Martine, 139Pickard, Michael A., 121Pisabarro, A. G., 164

Ramachandran, C., 107Riesbeck, Kristian, 167

Rodriguez, Guillermo G., 40Rothstein, David M., 111Rousell, Ralph, 176

Saito, Atsushi, 58Saito, Shizuki, 58Sanders, Charles V., 65, 179Sanders, Christine C., 44, 156Schifer-Korting, M., 78Schmitt, Heinz-Josef, 29Schols, Dominique, 134Schwalbe, R. S., 161Shiba, Kohya, 58Shimada, Jingoro, 58Shimizu, Masanao, 89Smith, Barry, 148Smith, John, 65Song, Min Dong, 170Steele, Lorraine C., 65Sumter, Gwendolyn, 65Sutcliffe, Joyce A., 1, 8

Tally, F. P., 117Taylor, Diane E., 71Tomasz, Alexander, 33Tong, William P., 29Trias, Joaquim, 52

Ubukata, Kimiko, 170Uchida, Hiroshi, 58

Vaudaux, Pierre E., 21

Waldvogel, Francis A., 21Wallace, Richard J., Jr., 65Warlich, R., 78Watanabe, Masato, 173Weber, David A., 156Weiner, N., 107Westblom, T. Ulf, 25Wexler, Hannah M., 179

Yasuda, Takashi, 94Yosue, Keiko, 173

Zinner, Stephen H., 98

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Jan. 1990

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

HOW TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTSSubmit manuscripts directly to: Publications Depart-

ment, American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massa-chusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005. Since all

iorbmis~ions must be processed through this office,alternate routings, such as to an editor, will delayinitiation of the review process. The manuscript mustbe accompanied by a covering letter stating the follow-ing: the journal to which the manuscript is beingsubmitted, the most appropriate section of the journal,the address and telephone number of the correspond-ing author, and the former ASM manuscript numberand year if it is a resubmission. In addition, includewritten assurance that permission to cite personal com-munications and preprints has been granted.

Submit three complete copies of each manuscript,including figures and tables. Type every portion of themanuscript double spaced (a minimum of 6 mm be-tween lines), including figure legends, table footnotes,and Literature Cited, and number all pages in se-quence, including the abstract, figure legends, andtables. Place the last two items after the LiteratureCited section. See p. v-vi for detailed instructionsabout illustrations.

Copies of "in press" and "submitted" manuscriptsthat are important for judgment of the present manu-script should be enclosed to facilitate the review. Onecopy of each such manuscript should be provided witheach copy of the new manuscript.Authors who are unsure of proper English usage

should have their manuscripts checked by someoneproficient in the English language. Manuscripts may berejected on the basis of poor English or lack ofconformity to accepted standards of style.

EDITORIAL POLICYManuscripts submitted to the journal must represent

reports of original research. All authors of a manu-script must have agreed to its submission and areequally responsible for its content, including appropri-ate citations and acknowledgments. By submission ofa manuscript to the journal, the authors guarantee thatthe manuscript, or one substantially the same, was notpublished previously, is not being considered or pub-lished elsewhere, and was not rejected on scientificgrounds by another ASM journal.

Failure to comply with the above-mentioned policymay result in a 3- to 5-year suspension of publishingprivileges in ASM journals. (For further details, seethe minutes of the March 1984 Publications Boardmeeting, ASM News 50:260-263, 1984.)

Primary PublicationThe American Society for Microbiology accepts the

definition of primary publication as defined in How to

Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, third edition, byRobert A. Day, to wit: ". . . (i) the first publication oforiginal research results, (ii) in a form whereby peersof the author can repeat the experiments and test theconclusions, and (iii) in a journal or other sourcedocument [emphasis added] readily available withinthe scientific community."A scientific paper published in a conference report,

symposium proceeding, technical bulletin, or anyother retrievable source is unacceptable for submis-sion to an ASM journal on grounds of prior publica-tion. A preliminary disclosure of research findingspublished in abstract form as an adjunct to a meeting,e.g., part of a program, is not considered "priorpublication" because it does not meet the criteria for ascientific paper.

It is incumbent upon the author to acknowledge anyprior publication of the data contained in a manuscriptsubmitted to an ASM journal even though he or shemay not consider such publication in violation ofASMpolicy. A copy of the relevant work should accompanythe paper.

PermissionsIt is the author's responsibility to obtain permission

from the copyright owner to reproduce figures, tables,or text from previous publications, either his own orthose of another author. Note that the journal orpublisher (not the author) is the copyright owner;however, as a matter of courtesy the author's permis-sion should be obtained as well.

AuthorshipAn author is one who made a substantial contribu-

tion to the "overall design and execution of theexperiments"; therefore, ASM considers all coauthorsequally responsible for the entire paper. Individualswho provided assistance, e.g., supplied strains orreagents or critiqued the paper, should not be listed asauthors but may be recognized in the Acknowledg-ment section.

Page ChargesIt is anticipated that page charges, currently $20 per

printed page (price subject to change), will be paid byauthors whose research was supported by grants (de-partmental, governmental, institutional, etc.) or con-tracts or whose research was done as part of theirofficial duties. A bill for page charges is sent with thepage proofs and reprint order form.

If the research was not supported by any of themeans described above, a request to waive the chargesmay be sent to the Publications Department, AmericanSociety for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave.,N.W., Washington, DC 20005, with the submitted

i

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

manuscript. This request, which must be separatefrom the covering letter, must indicate how the workwas supported and should be accompanied by a copyof the Acknowledgment section.

Minireviews and Letters to the Editor (see p. v) arenot subject to page charges.

CopyrightTo maintain and protect the Society's ownership

and rights and to protect the original authors frommisappropriation of their published work, ASM re-quires authors to sign a copyright transfer agreement.This agreement is sent to the submitting author whenthe manuscript is accepted for publication. Unless thisagreement is executed, ASM will not publish the manu-script. (U.S. government employees may file a state-ment attesting that a manuscript was prepared as partof their official duties. If they elect to do so, theyshould not sign the ASM copyright transfer agree-ment.)

ScopeAAC is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the

dissemination of knowledge relating to all aspects ofantimicrobial, antiparasitic, and anticancer agents andchemotherapy. Within the circumscriptions set forthbelow, any report involving studies on or with antimi-crobial, antiparasitic, or anticancer agents is within thepurview of AAC.ASM publishes a number of different journals cov-

ering various aspects of the field of microbiology.Each journal has a prescribed scope that must beconsidered in determining the most appropriate jour-nal for each manuscript. The following guidelines maybe of assistance.

(i) Papers which describe the use of antimicrobial oranticancer agents as tools for elucidating the basicbiological processes of microorganisms are consideredappropriate for the Journal ofBacteriology.

(ii) Manuscripts that: (a) describe the use of antimi-crobial, antiparasitic, or anticancer agents as tools inthe isolation, identification, or epidemiology of micro-organisms associated with disease; (b) are concernedwith quality control procedures for diffusion, elution,or dilution tests for determining susceptibilities toantimicrobial agents in clinical laboratories; and (c)deal with applications of commercially prepared testsor kits to assays performed in clinical laboratories tomeasure the activities of established antimicrobialagents or their concentrations in body fluids are con-sidered appropriate for the Journal of Clinical Micro-biology. Manuscripts concerned with development ormodification of assay methods and validation of theirsensitivity and specificity are considered appropriatefor AAC.

(iii) Manuscripts describing new or novel methodsor improvements in media and culture conditions willnot be considered for publication in AAC unless thesemethods are applied to the study of problems relatedto the production or activity of antimicrobial agents.

Such manuscripts are more appropriate for Appliedand Environmental Microbiology or the Journal ofClinical Microbiology.

(iv) Papers that include extensive taxonomic mate-rial (e.g., descriptions of new taxa) should be submit-ted to the International Journal of Systematic Bacte-riology (IJSB), which is published by ASM for theInternational Union of Microbiological Societies. Ifthe main thrust of the manuscript is not taxonomy, themanuscript should be divided, and the taxonomicportion should be submitted to IJSB. If such divisionwould weaken the main thrust, the manuscript may besubmitted to the journal of choice.

Questions about these guidelines may be directed tothe editor in chief of the journal being considered.

If transfer to another ASM journal is recommendedby an editor, the author will be contacted.Note that a manuscript rejected by one ASM journal

on scientific grounds or on the basis of its generalsuitability for publication is considered rejected by allother ASM journals.

Culture DepositionAAC encourages authors to deposit strains used in

therapeutic activity assessments and studies on mech-anisms of action, resistance, and cross resistance inpublicly accessible culture collections and to refer tothe collections and strain numbers in the text. Sinceauthenticity of subcultures of culture collection spec-imens that are distributed by individuals cannot beensured, authors should indicate laboratory straindesignations and donor source as well as originalculture collection identification numbers. When au-thors describe mutants for which genetic stock repos-itories have not been established or strains that havenot been deposited in publicly accessible collections,the journal expects that the authors will make suchstrains available to other microbiologists.

Nucleotide SequencesInclusion of a GenBank/EMBL accession number

for primary nucleotide and/or amino acid sequencedata is a criterion for acceptance. The accessionnumber must be included in the original manuscript orbe inserted when the manuscript is modified. Themanuscript will not be accepted by the editor until thisnumber has been provided.GenBank may be contacted at: GenBank Submis-

sions, Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos National Labora-tory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.; telephone:(505) 665-2177; electronic mail (submissions): gb-sub%life@lanl.gov. The EMBL Data Library may becontacted at: EMBL Data Library Submissions, Post-fach 10.2209, D-6900 Heidelberg, F.R.G.; telephone:(06221) 387 257; telefax: (496221) 387 306; computernetwork: (BITNET/EARN): DATASUBS@EMBL.

Editorial StyleThe editorial style ofASM journals conforms to the

CBE Style Manual (5th ed., 1983; Council of Biology

. .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Editors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Md.),ASM Style Manualfor Journals and Books (AmericanSociety for Microbiology, 1985), Robert A. Day's Howto Write and Publish a Scientific Paper (3rd ed., 1988,Oryx Press), and Scientific Writing for Graduate Stu-dents (Council of Biology Editors, Inc., 1968), asinterpreted and modified by the editors and the ASMPublications Department. The editors and the Publica-tions Department reserve the privilege of editingmanuscripts to conform with the stylistic conventionsset forth in the aforesaid publications and in theseinstructions.

Review ProcessAll manuscripts are subjected to critical review by

the editors, members of the editorial board, or quali-fied ad hoc reviewers. When a manuscript is submittedto the journal, it is given a manuscript control numberand assigned to one of the editors. The authors arenotified of this number and the editor to whom themanuscript has been assigned. (It is the responsibilityof the corresponding author to inform the coauthors ofthe manuscript's status throughout the review andpublication processes.) The reviewers operate understrict guidelines set forth in "Guidelines for Review-ers" and are expected to complete their reviews within3 weeks after receiving the manuscript. Authors arenotified, generally within 8 weeks after submission, ofacceptance, rejection, or the need for modification.When a manuscript is returned to the author formodification, it must be returned to the editor within 2months; otherwise it may be considered withdrawn.

Notification of AcceptanceWhen an editor has decided that a manuscript is

acceptable for publication on the basis of scientificmerit, it is sent to the Publications Department, whereit is checked by the production editor. If the manu-script has been prepared according to the criteria setforth in these instructions, it is scheduled for the nextavailable issue and an acceptance letter that indicatesthe month of publication, approximate page proofdates, and section is mailed to the correspondingauthor. The editorial staff of the ASM PublicationsDepartment completes the editing of the manuscript tobring it into conformity with prescribed style andEnglish usage.

Page ProofsThe printer sends page proofs, the copy-edited

manuscript, and a page charge/reprint order form tothe author. As soon as the page proofs are corrected(within 48 h), they should be mailed to the ASMPublications Department.The proof stage is not the time to make extensive

corrections, additions, or deletions. Important newinformation that has become available between accep-tance of the manuscript and receipt of the proofs maybe inserted as an Addendum in Proof with the permis-sion of the editor. If references to unpublished data or

personal communications are added, include writtenassurance that permission to cite them has beengranted. Limit changes to correction of spelling errors,incorrect data, and serious grammatical errors. "Inpress" references for which page numbers have be-come available should be placed in the LiteratureCited section as "a" numbers (e.g., 12a). Do notrenumber references.

Questions about late proofs and problems in theproofs should be directed to the ASM PublicationsDepartment, telephone (202) 737-3600.

ReprintsReprints (in multiples of 100) may be purchased by

contributors. An order form that includes a tableshowing the cost of reprints is sent with each proof.

ORGANIZATION AND FORMAT

Regular PapersRegular full-length papers should include the ele-

ments described in this section.

Title. Each manuscript should present the results ofan independent, cohesive study; thus, numbered se-ries titles are not permitted. Exercise care in compos-ing a title. Avoid the main title/subtitle arrangement,complete sentences, and unnecessary articles. On thetitle page, include the title, running title (not to exceed54 characters and spaces), name of each author,address(es) of the institution(s) at which the work wasperformed, each author's affiliation, and a footnoteindicating the present address of any author no longerat the institution where the work was performed. Placean asterisk after the name of the author to whominquiries regarding the paper should be directed, andgive that author's telephone number.

Abstract. Limit the abstract to 250 words or fewerand concisely summarize the basic content of thepaper without presenting extensive experimental de-tails. Avoid abbreviations and do not include dia-grams. When it is essential to include a reference, usethe literature citation but omit the article title. Becausethe abstract will be published separately by abstractingservices, it must be complete and understandablewithout reference to the text.

Introduction. The introduction should supply suffi-cient background information to allow the reader tounderstand and evaluate the results of the presentstudy without referring to previous publications on thetopic. The introduction should also provide the ratio-nale for the study. References should be chosen care-fully to provide the most salient background ratherthan an exhaustive review of the topic.

Materials and Methods. The Materials and Methodssection should include sufficient technical information

* .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

to allow the experiments to be repeated. When cen-trifugation conditions are critical, give enough infor-mation to enable another investigator to repeat theprocedure: make of centrifuge, model of rotor, tem-perature, time at maximum speed, and centrifugalforce (x g rather than revolutions per minute). Forcommonly used materials and methods (e.g., mediaand protein determinations), a simple reference issufficient. If several alternative methods are com-monly used, it is helpful to identify the method brieflyas well as to cite the reference. For example, it ispreferable to state "cells were broken by ultrasonictreatment as previously described (9)" rather than"cells were broken as previously described (9)." Thereader should be allowed to assess the method withoutconstant reference to previous publications. Describenew methods completely, and give sources of unusualchemicals, equipment, or microbial strains. Whenlarge numbers of microbial strains or mutants are usedin a study, include tables identifying the sources andproperties of the strains, mutants, bacteriophages,plasmids, etc.A method, strain, etc., used in only one of several

experiments reported in the paper may be described inthe Results section or very briefly (one or two sen-tences) in a table footnote or figure legend.

Results. In the Results section, include the rationaleor design of the experiments as well as the results;reserve extensive interpretation of the results for theDiscussion section. Present the results as concisely aspossible in one of the following: text, table(s), orfigure(s). Avoid extensive use of graphs to presentdata that might be more concisely or more quantita-tively presented in the text or tables. Limit photo-graphs (particularly photomicrographs and electronmicrographs) to those that are absolutely necessary toshow the experimental findings. Number figures andtables in the order in which they are cited in the text,and be sure that all figures and tables are cited.

Discussion. The Discussion should provide an inter-pretation of the results in relation to previously pub-lished work and to the experimental system at handand should not contain extensive repetition of theResults section or reiteration of the introduction. Inshort papers, the Results and Discussion sections maybe combined.

Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments of financialassistance and of personal assistance are given inseparate paragraphs. The usual format for acknowl-edgment for grant support is as follows: "This workwas supported in part by Public Health Service grantCA-01234 from the National Cancer Institute."

It will be assumed that the absence of such anacknowledgment is a statement by the author that nosupport was received.

Appendixes. Appendixes, which contain supplemen-

tary material to aid the reader, are permitted. Titles,authors, and Literature Cited sections that are distinctfrom those of the primary article are not allowed. If itis not feasible to list the author(s) of the appendix inthe by-line or the Acknowledgment section of theprimary article, rewrite the appendix so that it can beconsidered for publication as an independent article,either full length or Note style. Equations, tables, andfigures should be labeled with the letter "A" precedingthe numeral to distinguish them from those cited in themain body of the text.

Literature Cited. The Literature Cited section mustinclude all relevant published work, and all listedreferences must be cited in the text. Arrange thecitations in alphabetical order by first author andnumber consecutively. (Abbreviate journal names ac-cording to Serial Sources for the BIOSIS Data Base,BioSciences Information Service, 1989.) Cite eachlisted reference by number in the text.The following types of references are not valid for

listing: unpublished data, personal communications,manuscripts in preparation, manuscripts submitted,"in press" references, pamphlets, abstracts, patents,theses, dissertations, newsletters, letters to the editor,editorials, and material that has not been subjected topeer review. References to such sources should bemade parenthetically in the text. An "in press" refer-ence to an ASM publication should state the controlnumber (e.g., AAC 576-90) or the name of the publi-cation if it is a book.

Follow the styles shown in the examples below.

1. Andrews, F. A., W. G. Beggs, and G. A. Sarosi. 1977.Influence of antioxidants on the bioactivity of ampho-tericin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 11:615-619.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E.Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements for enzyme inhi-bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schles-singer (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding.1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co-ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

4. Gill, T. J., III. 1976. Principles of radioimmunoassay, p.169-171. In N. R. Rose and H. Friedman (ed.), Manual ofclinical immunology, 1st ed. American Society for Micro-biology, Washington, D.C.

5. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomennovum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons(ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8thed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

6. Sacks, L. E. 1972. Influence of intra- and extracellularcations on the germination of bacterial spores, p. 437-442.In H. 0. Halvorson, R. Hanson, and L. L. Campbell(ed.), Spores V. American Society for Microbiology,Washington, D.C.

7. Winshell, E. B., C. Cherubin, J. Winter, and H. C. Neu.1970. Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in the easternUnited States, p. 86-89. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.1969.

IV

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Parenthetical references in the text should be citedas follows:. . . and protects the organisms against oxygen toxic-ity (H. P. Misra and I. Fridovich, Fed. Proc. 35:1686,1976).... system was used (W. E. Scowcroft, A. H. Gibson,and J. D. Pagan, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,in press).... linkage groups XIV (D. R. Smyth, Ph.D. thesis,University of California, Los Angeles, 1972).... in poly mitochondria (S. E. Mainzer and C. W.Slayman, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol.1976, K15, p. 139).... diabetes in mice (R. D. Powers, W. M. Dotson,Jr., and F. G. Hayden, Program Abstr. 22nd Intersci.Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. no. 448,1982).

NotesSubmit Notes in the same way as full-length papers.

They receive the same review, and they are neitherpublished more rapidly than full-length papers norconsidered preliminary communications. The Noteformat is intended for the presentation of brief obser-vations that do not warrant full-length papers.Each Note must have an abstract of no more than 50

words. Do not use section headings in the body of theNote; report methods, results, and discussion in asingle section. Paragraph lead-ins are permissible. Thetext is not to exceed 1,000 words, and the number offigures and tables should be kept to a minimum.Materials and methods should be described in the text,not in figure legends or table footnotes. Present ac-knowledgments as in full-length papers, but do not usea heading. The Literature Cited section is identical tothat of full-length papers.

MinireviewsMinireviews are brief summaries (limit of 4 printed

pages) of developments in fast-moving areas of chemo-therapy. They must be based on published articles;they are not outlets for unpublished data. They mayaddress any subject within the scope of AAC. Forexample, subject matter may range from structure-activity correlates among a group of semisyntheticcephalosporins to the comparative efficacies of newand old drugs in the prevention or treatment of dis-eases of microbial origin in humans. Minireviews maybe either solicited or proffered by authors respondingto a recognized need. Irrespective of origin, mini-reviews are subject to editorial review.

Letters to the EditorLetters to the Editor must include data to support

the writer's argument and are intended only for com-ments on articles published previously in the journal.They may be no more than 500 words long. Send lettersto the Publications Department. They will be proc-essed and sent to the editor who handled the article inquestion. If the editor believes that publication is

warranted, he will solicit a reply from the author of thearticle and make a recommendation to the editor inchief. Final approval for publication rests with theeditor in chief. All letters intended for publicationmust be typed double spaced.ErrataThe Erratum section provides a means of correcting

errors (e.g., typographical) in published articles.Changes in data and the addition of new material arenot permitted. Send errata directly to the PublicationsDepartment.

Author's CorrectionsThe Author's Correction section provides a means

of adding citations that were overlooked in a publishedarticle. The author who failed to cite a reference andthe author whose paper was not cited must agree tosuch a publication; the editor, editor in chief, andchairman of the Publications Board will not be in-volved. Letters from both authors must accompanythe author's correction sent to the Publications De-partment.

DisclaimersStatements disclaiming governmental or any other

type of endorsement or approval will be deleted by thePublications Department.ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLESThe figure number and authors' names should be

written on all figures, either in the margin or on theback (marked lightly with a soft pencil). For micro-graphs especially, the top should be indicated as well.Do not clasp figures to each other or to the manu-

script with paper clips. Insert small figures in anenvelope.

Continuous-Tone and Composite PhotographsWhen submitting continuous-tone photographs (e.g.,

polyacrylamide gels), keep in mind the journal pagewidth: 35/16 inches for a single column and 67/8 inches fora double column (maximum). Include only the significantportion of an illustration. Photos must be of sufficientcontrast to withstand the inevitable loss of contrast anddetail inherent in the printing process. Submit one pho-tograph of each continuous-tone figure for each copy of themanuscript; photocopies are not acceptable. If possible,the figures submitted should be the size they will appearwhen published so that no reduction is needed. If theymust be reduced, make sure that all elements, includinglabeling, can withstand reduction and remain legible.

If a figure is a composite of a continuous-tonephotograph and a drawing or labeling, the originalcomposite must be provided for the printer (i.e., not aphotograph of the composite). This original, labeled"printer's copy," may be sent with the modifiedmanuscript to the editor.

Electron and light micrographs must be direct cop-ies of the original negative. Indicate the magnificationwith a scale marker on each micrograph.

v

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Color PhotographsColor photographs are discouraged. However, if

they are necessary, include an extra copy at the timeof manuscript submission so that a cost estimate forprinting may be obtained. The cost of printing colorphotographs must be borne by the author.

DrawingsSubmit graphs, charts, complicated chemical or

mathematical formulas, diagrams, and other drawingsas glossy photographs made from finished drawingsnot requiring additional artwork or typesetting. Com-puter-generated graphics produced on high-quality la-ser printers are also usually acceptable. No part of thegraph or drawing should be handwritten. Both axes ofa graph must be labeled. Most graphs will be reducedto one-column width (35/16 inches), and all elements inthe drawing should be large enough to withstand thisreduction. Avoid heavy letters, which tend to close upwhen reduced, and unusual symbols, which the printermay not be able to reproduce in the legend.

In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as well astable column headings), avoid ambiguous use of num-bers with exponents. Usually, it is preferable to usethe International System of Units (,u for 10-6, m forl0o-, k for i0, M for 106, etc.). A complete listing ofSI symbols can be found in the International Union ofPure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) "Manual ofSymbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quan-tities and Units" (Pure Appl. Chem. 21:3-44, 1970).Thus, a representation of 20,000 cpm on a figureordinate should be made by the number 20, accompa-nied by the label kcpm.When powers of 10 must be used, the journal

requires that the exponent power be associated withthe number shown. In representing 20,000 cells per ml,the numeral on the ordinate would be "2" and thelabel would be "104 cells per ml" (not "cells per ml x

10-4"). Likewise, an enzyme activity of 0.06 U/mlwould be shown as 6, accompanied by the label "10-2U/ml." The preferred designation would be "60 mU/ml" (milliunits per milliliter).

Figure LegendsLegends should provide enough information so that

the figure is understandable without frequent referenceto the text. However, detailed experimental methodsmust be described in the Materials and Methodssection, not in a figure legend. A method that is uniqueto one of several experiments may be set forth in alegend only if the description is very brief (one or twosentences). Define all symbols and abbreviations usedin the figure that have not been defined elsewhere.

TablesType each table on a separate page. Arrange the

data so that columns of like material read down, notacross. The headings should be sufficiently clear sothat the meaning of the data will be understandablewithout reference to the text. See the Abbreviations

TABLE 1. Distribution of protein and ATPase in fractions ofdialyzed membranesa

ATPaseMembranes Fraction U/mg of Total U

protein

Control Deleted 0.036 2.3membrane

Concentrated 0.134 4.82supernatant

El treated Depleted 0.034 1.98membrane

Concentrated 0.11 4.6supernatant

a Specific activities of ATPase of nondepleted membranes from control andtreated bacteria were 0.21 and 0.20, respectively.

section of these instructions for those that should beused in tables. Explanatory footnotes are acceptable,but more extensive table "legends" are not. Footnotesshould not include detailed descriptions of the exper-iment. Tables must include enough information towarrant table format; those with fewer than six piecesof data will be incorporated into the text by the copyeditor. Table 1 is an example of a well-constructedtable.Avoid tables (or figures) of raw data on drug sus-

ceptibility, therapeutic activity, or toxicity. Such datashould be analyzed by an approved procedure, and theresults should be presented in tabular form.

Tables that can be photographically reproduced forpublication without further typesetting or artwork arereferred to as "camera ready." They should not behand lettered and must be carefully prepared to con-form to the style of the journal. The advantage ofsubmitting camera-ready copy is that the material willappear exactly as envisioned by the author, and nosecond proofreading is necessary. This is particularlyadvantageous when there are long, complicated tablesand when the division of material and spacing areimportant.

NOMENCLATURE

Chemical and Biochemical NomenclatureThe recognized authority for the names of chemical

compounds is Chemical Abstracts (Chemical Ab-stracts Service, Ohio State University, Columbus) andits indexes. The Merck Index (10th ed., 1983; Merck &Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.) is also an excellent source.For guidelines to the use of biochemical terminology,consult the following: Biochemical Nomenclature andRelated Documents, 1978, reprinted for The Biochem-ical Society, London; the instructions to authors of theJournal of Biological Chemistry and the Archives ofBiochemistry and Biophysics (first issues of eachyear); and the Handbook of Biochemistry and Molec-ular Biology (G. D. Fasman, ed., 3rd ed., 1976, CRCPress, Inc.).

Molecular weights should not be expressed in dal-tons; molecular weight is a unitless ratio. Molecularmass is expressed in daltons.

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INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) nameas assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of theInternational Union of Biochemistry as described inEnzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1984).If a nonrecommended name is used, place the proper(trivial) name in parentheses at first use in the abstractand text. Use the EC number when one has beenassigned, and express enzyme activity either in katals(preferred) or in the older system of micromoles perminute.

Nomenclature of MicroorganismsBinary names, consisting of a generic name and a

specific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli), must be usedfor all microorganisms. Names of higher categoriesmay be used alone, but specific and subspecific epi-thets may not. A specific epithet must be preceded bya generic name the first time it is used in a paper.Thereafter, the generic name should be abbreviated tothe initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), provided therecan be no confusion with other genera used in thepaper. Names of all taxa (phyla [for fungi, divisions],classes, orders, families, genera, species, subspecies)are printed in italics and should be underlined in themanuscript; strain designations and numbers are not.The spelling of bacterial names should follow the

Approved Lists ofBacterial Names (American Societyfor Microbiology, 1980) and the validation lists andrelevant articles published in the International Journalof Systematic Bacteriology since 1980. If there isreason to use a name that does not have standing innomenclature, the name should be enclosed in quota-tion marks and an appropriate statement concerningthe nomenclatural status of the name should be madein the text (for an example, see Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.30:547-556, 1980).

Since the classification of fungi is not complete, it isthe responsibility of the author to determine the ac-cepted binomial for a given yeast or mold. Somesources for the spelling of these names include TheYeasts: a Taxonomic Study, 3rd ed. (N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij, ed., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1984)and Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi,Including the Lichens, 7th ed. (Commonwealth Myco-logical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983).Names used for viruses should be those approved

by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vi-ruses (ICTV) and published in the 4th Report of theICTV Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses(Intervirology 17:23-199, 1982). If desired, synonymsmay be added parenthetically when the name is firstmentioned. Approved generic (or group) and familynames may also be used.Microorganisms, viruses, and plasmids should be

given designations consisting of letters and serial num-bers. It is generally advisable to include a worker'sinitials or a descriptive symbol of locale, laboratory,etc., in the designation. Each new strain, mutant,isolate, or derivative should be given a new (serial)designation. This designation should be distinct from

those of the genotype and phenotype, and genotypicand phenotypic symbols should not be included.

Genetic NomenclatureBacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria are

described in terms of phenotypes and genotypes. Thephenotype describes the observable properties of anorganism. The genotype refers to the genetic constitu-tion of an organism, usually in reference to somestandard wild type. Use the recommendations of De-merec et al. (Genetics 54:61-76, 1966) as a guide to theuse of these terms.

(i) Phenotype designations must be used when mu-tant loci have not been identified or mapped. Pheno-type designations generally consist of three-letter sym-bols; these are not italicized and the first letter of thesymbol is capitalized. It is preferable to use roman orarabic numerals (instead of letters) to identify a seriesof related phenotypes. Thus, a series of nucleic acidpolymerase mutants might be designated Poll, Pol2,Pol3, etc. Wild-type characteristics can be designatedwith a superscript plus (Pol+) and, when necessary forclarity, negative superscripts (Pol-) can be used todesignate mutant characteristics. Lowercase super-script letters may be used to further delineate pheno-types (e.g., Strs for streptomycin susceptibility). Phe-notype designations should be defined.

(ii) Genotype designations are similarly indicated bythree-letter locus symbols. In contrast to phenotypedesignations, these are lowercase italic (e.g., ara hisrps). If several loci govern related functions, these aredistinguished by italicized capital letters following thelocus symbol (e.g., araA araB araC). Promoter, ter-minator, and operator sites should be indicated asdescribed by Bachmann and Low (Microbiol. Rev.44:1-56, 1980): e.g., lac2p, lacAt, and lac2o.

(iii) Wild-type alleles are indicated with a super-script plus (ara+ his'). A superscript minus is not usedto indicate a mutant locus; thus, one refers to an aramutant rather than an ara- strain.

(iv) Mutation sites are designated by placing serialisolation numbers (allele numbers) after the locussymbol (e.g., araAl araA2). If only a single such locusexists or if it is not known in which of several relatedloci the mutation has occurred, a hyphen is usedinstead of the capital letter (e.g., ara-23). It is essentialin papers reporting the isolation of new mutants thatallele numbers be given to the mutations. For Esche-richia coli, there is a registry of such numbers: E. coliGenetic Stock Center, Department of Biology, YaleUniversity, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, CT 06511-7444. For Salmonella, the registry is: SalmonellaGenetic Stock Center, Department of Biology, Uni-versity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Can-ada. For Bacillus, the registry is: Bacillus GeneticStock Center, Ohio State University, Columbus. Aregistry of allele numbers and insertions elements(omega [fl] numbers) for chromosomal mutations andchromosomal insertions of transposons and other in-sertion elements has been established in conjunction

.ii

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

with the ISP collection of Staphylococcus aureus atIowa State University. Blocks of allele numbers and Qlnumbers are assigned to laboratories on request. Re-quests for blocks of numbers and additional informa-tion can be obtained from Peter A. Pattee, Departmentof Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011. A registry of plasmid designations is maintainedby the Plasmid Reference Center, Department of Med-ical Microbiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305.

(v) The use of superscripts with genotypes (otherthan + to indicate wild-type alleles) should beavoided. Designations indicating amber mutations(Am), temperature-sensitive mutations (Ts), constitu-tive mutations (Con), cold-sensitive mutations (Cs),production of a hybrid protein (Hyb), and other im-portant phenotypic properties should follow the allelenumber [e.g., araA230(Am) hisD21(Ts)]. All othersuch designations of phenotype must be defined at thefirst occurrence. If superscripts must be used, theymust be approved by the editor and they must bedefined at the first occurrence.

Subscripts may be used in two situations. Subscriptsmay be used to distinguish between genes (having thesame name) from different organisms or strains, e.g.,hiSE. coli or hiSK-l2 for the his genes of E. coli or strainK-12 in another species or strain, respectively. Anabbreviation could also be used if it were explained.Similarly, a subscript is also used to distinguish be-tween genetic elements that have the same name. Forexample, the promoters of the gln operon can bedesignated glnAp1 and glnAp2. This form departsslightly from that recommended by Bachmann andLow (e.g., desClp).

(vi) Deletions are indicated by the symbol A placedbefore the deleted gene or region, e.g., AtrpA432,A(aroP-aceEA)419, or Ahis(dhuA hisJ hisQ)1256. Simi-larly, other symbols can be used (with appropriatedefinition). Thus, a fusion of the ara and lac operonscan be shown as 4D(ara-lac)95. Similarly, 4F(araB'-lacZ+)96 indicates that the fusion results in a truncatedaraB gene fused to an intact lacZ, and :D(malE-lacZ)97(Hyb) shows that a hybrid protein is synthe-sized. An inversion is shown as IN(rrnD-rrnE)1. Aninsertion of an E. coli his gene into plasmid pSC101 atzero kilobases (O kb) is shown as pSC101 fQ(Okb::K-12hisB)4. An alternative designation of an insertioncan be used in simple cases, e.g., galT236::TnS. Thenumber 236 refers to the locus of the insertion, and ifthe strain carries an additional gal mutation, it is listedseparately. Additional examples, which utilize aslightly different format, can be found in the papers byCampbell et al. and Novick et al. cited below. It isimportant in reporting the construction of strains inwhich a mobile element was inserted and subsequentlydeleted that this latter fact be noted in the strain table.This can be done by listing the genotype of the strainused as an intermediate, in a table footnote, or by adirect or parenthetical remark in the genotype, e.g.,(F-), AMu cts, mal::AMu cts::lac. In setting paren-

thetical remarks within the genotype or dividing thegenotype into constituent elements, parentheses andsquare brackets are used without special meaning;square brackets are used outside parentheses. Toindicate the presence of an episome, parentheses (orbrackets) are used (X, F+). Reference to an integratedepisome is indicated as described above for insertedelements, and an exogenote is shown as, for example,W3110/F'8(gal+).Any deviations from standard genetic nomenclature

should be explained in Materials and Methods or in atable of strains. For information about genetic maps oflocus symbols in current use, consult Bachmann (B. J.Bachmann, p. 807-876, in J. L. Ingraham, K. B. Low,B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger,ed., Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium:Cellular and Molecular Biology, 1987, American So-ciety for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.) for E. coliK-12, Sanderson and Roth (Microbiol. Rev. 52:485-532, 1988) for Salmonella typhimurium, Holloway etal. (Microbiol. Rev. 43:73-102, 1979) for Pseudomo-nas, Piggot and Hoch (Microbiol. Rev. 49:158-179,1985) for Bacillus subtilis, Perkins et al. (Microbiol.Rev. 46:426-570, 1982) for Neurospora crassa, andMortimer and Schild (Microbiol. Rev. 49:181-213,1985) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For yeasts,Chlamydomonas, and several fungal species, symbolssuch as those given in the Handbook ofMicrobiology(A. I. Laskin and H. A. Lechevalier, ed., CRC Press,Inc., 1974) should be used.

"Mutant" vs. "mutation." Keep in mind the distinc-tion between a mutation (an alteration of the primarysequence of the genetic material) and a mutant (astrain carrying one or more mutations). One mayspeak about the mapping of a mutation, but one cannotmap a mutant. Likewise, a mutant has no geneticlocus, only a phenotype.

Strain designations. Do not use a genotype as a name(e.g., ". . . subsequent use of leuC6 for transduction. . ."). If a strain designation has not been chosen,select an appropriate word combination (e.g., "anoth-er strain containing the leuC6 mutation"). For a dis-cussion of the use of patients' initials in strain desig-nations, see Patient Identification below.

Viruses. The genetic nomenclature for viruses dif-fers from that for bacteria. In most instances, viruseshave no phenotype, since they have no metabolismoutside host cells. Therefore, distinctions betweenphenotype and genotype cannot be made. Superscriptsare used to indicate hybrid genomes. Genetic symbolsmay be one, two, or three letters. For example, amutant strain of X might be designated as X Aamll int2redll4 c1857; this strain carries mutations in genes cI,int, and red and an amber-suppressible (am) mutationin gene A. A strain designated X att434 imm2' wouldrepresent a hybrid of phage A which carries the immu-nity region (imm) of phage 21 and the attachment (att)

. .i.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

region of phage 434. Host DNA insertions into virusesshould be delineated by square brackets, and thegenetic symbols and designations for such insertedDNA should conform to those used for the hostgenome. Genetic symbols for phage A can be found inSzybalski and Szybalski (Gene 7:217-270, 1979) and inEchols and Murialdo (Microbiol. Rev. 42:577-591,1978).

Transposable elements, plasmids, and restriction en-zymes. Nomenclature of transposable elements (inser-tion sequences, transposons, phage Mu, etc.) shouldfollow the recommendations of Campbell et al. (Gene5:197-206, 1979), with the modifications given in sec-tion vi. The system of designating transposon inser-tions at sites where there are no known loci, e.g.,zef-J23::TnS, has been described by Chumley et al.(Genetics 91:639-655, 1979). The nomenclature rec-ommendations of Novick et al. (Bacteriol. Rev. 40:168-189, 1976) for plasmids and plasmid-specified ac-tivities, of Low (Bacteriol. Rev. 36:587-607, 1972) forF-prime factors, and of Roberts (Nucleic Acids Res.17:r347-r387, 1989) for restriction enzymes and theirisoschizomers should be used whenever possible.Recombinant DNA molecules, constructed in vitro,follow the nomenclature for insertions in general.DNA inserted into recombinant DNA moleculesshould be described by using the gene symbols andconventions for the organism from which the DNAwas obtained. The Plasmid Reference Center (E. Leder-berg, Plasmid Reference Center, Department of Mi-crobiology and Immunology, 5402, Stanford Univer-sity Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305-2499) assignsTn and IS numbers to avoid conflicting and repetitiveuse and also clears nonconflicting plasmid prefix des-ignations.

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS

Patient IdentificationWhen isolates are derived from patients in clinical

studies, do not identify them by using the patients'initials, even as part of a strain designation. Changethe initials to arabic numerals or use randomly chosenletters. Do not give hospital unit numbers; if a desig-nation is needed, use only the last two digits of theunit. (Note: Established designations of some virusesand cell lines, although they consist of initials, areacceptable [e.g., JC virus, BK virus, HeLa cells].)Do not identify patients by race, country or region

of origin, or occupation unless the relevance of thisinformation is readily apparent or demonstrated in thetext.

Verb TenseUse the past tense to narrate particular events in the

past, including the procedures, observations, and dataof the study that you are reporting. Use the presenttense for your own general conclusions, the conclu-sions of previous researchers, and generally accepted

facts. Thus, most of the abstract, Materials and Meth-ods, and Results sections will be in the past tense, andmost of the introduction and some of the Discussionwill be in the present tense.Be aware that it may be necessary to vary the tense

in a single sentence. For example, it is correct to say"White (30) demonstrated that XYZ cells grow at pH6.8," "Fig. 2 shows that ABC cells failed to grow atroom temperature," and "Air was removed from thechamber and the mice died, which proves that micerequire air." In reporting statistics and calculations, itis correct to say "The values for the ABC cells arestatistically significant, indicating that the drug inhib-ited...."For an in-depth discussion of tense in scientific

writing, see p. 158-160 in How to Write and Publish aScientific Paper, 3rd ed.

AbbreviationsGeneral. Abbreviations should be used as an aid to

the reader, rather than as a convenience to the author,and therefore their use should be limited. Abbrevia-tions other than those recommended by the IUPAC-IUB (Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Docu-ments, 1978) should be used only when a case can bemade for necessity, such as in tables and figures.

It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrasea long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "thesubstrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivialnames or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may beused for terms that appear in full in the neighboringtext.

It is strongly recommended that all abbreviationsexcept those listed below be introduced in the firstparagraph in Materials and Methods. Alternatively,define each abbreviation and introduce it in parenthe-ses the first time it is used; e.g., "cultures were grownin Eagle minimal essential medium (MEM)." Gener-ally, eliminate abbreviations that are not used at leastfive times in the text (including tables and figurelegends).

Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia-tions for standard units of measurement and chemicalsymbols of the elements, the following should be usedwithout definition in the title, abstract, text, figurelegends, and tables: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid);cDNA (complementary DNA); RNA (ribonucleicacid); cRNA (complementary RNA); RNase (ribonu-clease); DNase (deoxyribonuclease); rRNA (ribo-somal RNA); mRNA (messenger RNA); tRNA (trans-fer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP, dAMP, ddATP, GTP,etc. (for the respective 5' phosphates of adenosine orother nucleosides) (add 2'-, 3'-, or 5'- when needed forcontrast); ATPase, dGTPase, etc. (adenosine triphos-phatase, deoxyguanosine triphosphatase, etc.); NAD(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide); NAD+ (nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized); NADH (nico-tinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced); NADP (nic-otinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate); NADPH

IX

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, re-duced); poly(A), poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic acid,polydeoxythymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc. (oligo-deoxythymidylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophosphate); PP1(pyrophosphate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU (plaque-form-ing units); CFU (colony-forming units); MIC (minimalinhibitory concentration); MBC (minimal bactericidalconcentration); Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminometh-ane]; DEAE (diethylaminoethyl); A260 (absorbance at260 nm); and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid).Abbreviations for cell lines (e.g., HeLa) also need notbe defined.The following abbreviations should be used without

definition in tables:amt (amount)approx (approximately)avg (average)concn (concentration)diam (diameter)expt (experiment)exptl (experimental)ht (height)mo (month)mol wt (molecular weight)no. (number)prepn (preparation)SD (standard deviation)

SE (standard error)SEM (standard error of themean)

sp act (specific activity)sp gr (specific gravity)temp (temperature)tr (trace)vol (volume)vs (versus)wk (week)wt (weight)yr (year)

graph in Materials and Methods or at the first use inthe text; (ii) it must be clear and unambiguous inmeaning; and (iii) it must contribute to ease of assim-ilation by readers.Chemical or generic names of drugs should be used;

the use of trade names is not permitted. When codenames must be used, the chemical formula of the drug,if known, must be provided at the first occurrence ofthe code name.

I-Lactamase AssaysStudies performed to characterize a P-lactamase or

the interaction of a compound with a 3-lactamase (i.e.,as a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer) should follow theguidelines set forth by Bush and Sykes (Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 30:6-10, 1986). Assays that mea-sure the hydrolysis of 3-lactam antibiotics must beappropriate for the substrate examined (e.g., iodo-metric methods are not appropriate quantitative as-says for substrates whose products are unknown).Reproducibility of results must be shown.

In Vitro Susceptibility TestsTabulate results of determinations of minimal inhib-

Pharmacokinetic parameters. Abbreviations andsymbols for pharmacokinetic parameters must be in-troduced at their first occurrence in the text. Thosemost commonly used are: a (or a phase), distributionphase; p (or P phase), elimination phase; A, zero-timeintercept for a phase; B, zero-time intercept forphase; AUC, area under the concentration-time curve;AUMC, area under the first moment of the concentra-tion-time curve; AUCO,24, AUC0OO,, etc., area underthe concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h, 0 h to 00,

etc.; CL, clearance; CLR, renal clearance; CLNR,nonrenal clearance; CLCR, creatinine clearance; Cm.,maximum concentration of drug in serum; T.., timeto maximum concentration of drug in serum; Vm.,maximum rate of metabolism; X1- , drug concentra-tion in urine between t1 and t2; V, volume of distribu-tion; Vss, volume of distribution at steady state; V1,volume of distribution of the central compartment; kel,elimination rate constant; kss, residence rate constantat steady state; tj/2, half-life; tl121,t, half-life at a phase;tl/,2t, half-life at ,B phase. For other symbols, see M.Rowland and G. Tucker (J. Pharmokinet. Biopharm.8:497-507, 1980).

Drugs and Pharmaceutical AgentsThe use of "nonstandard" abbreviations to desig-

nate names of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticalagents generally will not be accepted, because the useof different abbreviations for a single agent has oftencaused confusion. If, on occasion, a nonstandardizedabbreviation for a drug or pharmaceutical substance isused, it will be accepted under the following condi-tions: (i) it must be defined in an abbreviation para-

TABLE 2. MICs for isolates

Organism MIC for individual(no. of isolates) isolatesa (,ug/ml)

E. ennisi (2) ............. 0.3, 0.6E. schmidti (4)............. 0.322, >1002E. washingtoni (5) .............0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8

a The inferior number is the number of isolates with the MIC indicated.

itory and bactericidal concentrations according to therange of concentrations of each antimicrobial agentrequired to inhibit or kill the members of a species orof each group of microorganisms tested, as well as thecorresponding concentrations required to inhibit or kill50 and 90% of the strains. When only six to nineisolates of a species are tested, tabulate only the MICrange and approximate MIC50 of each antimicrobialagent tested. When fewer than six isolates of a speciesare tested, tabulate the MICs for each in a separatetable as illustrated above.

If more than a single drug is studied, insert a columnlabeled "Test agent" between the present columnsand record data for each agent in the same isolateorder. Cumulative displays ofMICs or MBCs in tablesor figures are acceptable only under unusual circum-stances.

Bactericidal tests must be performed with a suffi-cient inoculum (>5 x 105 CFU/ml) and subculturevolume (0.01 ml) to ensure accurate determination ofthe 99.9o killing endpoint, as described by Pearson etal. (R. D. Pearson, R. T. Steigbigel, H. T. Davis, andS. W. Chapman, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 18:699-708, 1980) and Taylor et al. (P. C. Taylor, F. D.

x

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Schoenknecht, J. C. Sherris, and E. C. Linner, Anti-microb. Agents Chemother. 23:142-150, 1983).Inoculum size and subculture volume are also criticalto studies of combinations of antimicrobial agents.Synergy is defined in two-dimensional or checker-board tests when the fractional inhibitory concentra-tion (FIC) or fractional bactericidal concentration(FBC) index (1) is O0.5. In killing curve tests, synergyis defined as a .2-log10 decrease in CFU/ml betweenthe combination and its most active constituent after24 h. At least one of the drugs must be present in aconcentration which does not affect the growth curveof the test organism when used alone. Antagonism isdefined by a IFIC or ZFBC > 4.0.

In killing curve tests, the minimal, accurately de-tectable number of CFU per milliliter must be statedand the method used for determining this number mustbe described. In the absence of procedures for drugremoval or inactivation, the author must state howdrug carryover effects were eliminated. For drugsshowing an inoculum effect, mere dilution below theMIC obtained in standard tests is not sufficient.

Clinical Trials(i) Criteria for enrollment. The methods used to find

and enroll patients and the criteria for enrollment in aclinical trial should be stated. It should be indicated, ifappropriate, that written informed consent was ob-tained and that the trial was approved by the pertinentcommittee on human subjects.

(ii) Methods of randomization. Randomized, dou-ble-blinded studies are preferred. Comparisons usinghistorical controls are usually regarded as question-able unless the differences in outcome between thegroups are dramatic and almost certainly the result ofthe new intervention. The rationale for the choice ofthe control group should be explained. The samplesize should be justified, and the method of randomiza-tion should be stated.

(iii) Criteria for determining whether a case is eval-uable. The minimum criteria for evaluability should bestated explicitly. For example, it should be stated thatthe minimum criterion for evaluability was a or thecombination of b and c rather than a, b, and c withoutdesignating which were the minimum criteria. Thecriteria for evaluability are usually different from thosefor enrollment.

(iv) Reasons for nonevaluability. State the numberof patients in each group who were excluded fromevaluation and the reason(s) for each exclusion.

(v) Criteria for assessment. Define each outcome foreach category of assessment (e.g., clinical: cure, im-provement, and failure; microbiological: eradication,persistence, and relapse). The frequency and timing ofsuch assessments in relation to treatment should bestated. Specify any changes made in the study regi-men(s) during the trial; the results for regimens withand without such modification generally should bestated separately. The criteria (questionnaires, resultsof specific laboratory tests) for evaluation of adverse

effects should be stated, as should the period encom-passed in the assessment and the time of assessment inrelation to the time of treatment (e.g., daily duringtreatment). Some authors prefer to consider superin-fections as failures of treatment, whereas others preferto consider them separately or even as adverse effects.In any event, the manuscript should state the numberof superinfections with each regimen and should dif-ferentiate between superinfections and colonization.The duration of follow-up should be mentioned.

(vi) Statistical analysis. The type of statistical testshould be stated and, when appropriate, the reason forthe choice of test should be given. References shouldbe given for statistical procedures other than the t test,chi-square test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Thecomparability of the treatment groups at the baselineshould be evaluated statistically.

(vii) Beta error. For trials which show no statisti-cally significant difference between regimens, the au-thors should calculate the probability (Is) of a type IIerror and the power of the study (1 - ) to detect aspecified clinically meaningful difference in efficacybetween the regimens. For further details, see J. A.Freiman, T. C. Chalmers, H. Smith, Jr., and R.Kuebler (N. Engl. J. Med. 299:690-694, 1978). Alter-natively, or in addition, the authors should indicate themagnitude of difference between the regimens thatcould have been detected at a statistically significantlevel with the number of evaluable patients studied.For further details, see editorial on guidelines for

clinical trials (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:1829-1830, 1989).

Sensitivity and Susceptibility to DrugsKeep in mind that there is a distinction between

"sensitivity" and "susceptibility." In general, "sen-sitivity" should be used in contexts that concernmechanisms of drug action or resistance. "Suscepti-bility" should be used in contexts that concern grossdrug-organism interactions, such as death or inhibitionof growth.

Reporting Numerical DataStandard metric units are used for reporting length,

weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity,use the prefixes m, ,u, n, and p for 10-3, 10-6, 1o-9,and 10- 2, respectively. Likewise, use the prefix k for103. Avoid compound prefixes such as m,u or ,u,u. Use,ug/ml or ,ug/g in place of mg/liter or mg/kg or theambiguous ppm. Units of temperature are presented asfollows: 37°C or 324 K.When fractions are used to express units such as

enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use wholeunits, such as g or min, in the denominator instead offractional or multiple units, such as ,ug or 10 min. Forexample, "pmol/min" would be preferable to "nmol/10 min," and ",mol/g" would be preferable to "nmol/,ug." It is also preferable that an unambiguous formsuch as the exponential notation be used; for example,",umol g-' min-1" is preferable to " imol/g per min."

Xi

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

See the CBE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more de-tailed information about reporting numbers. Also con-tained in this source is information on the appropriateSI units for the reporting of illumination, energy,frequency, pressure, and other physical terms.

Isotopically Labeled CompoundsFor simple molecules, labeling is indicated in the

chemical formula (e.g., 14co2, 3H20, H235S04).Brackets are not used when the isotopic symbol isattached to a word that is not a specific chemicalname (e.g., 131I-labeled protein, 14C-amino acids, 3H-ligands, etc.).For specific chemicals, the symbol for the isotope

introduced is placed in square brackets directly pre-

ceding the part of the name that describes the labeledentity. Note that configuration symbols and modifiersprecede the isotopic symbol. The following examplesillustrate correct usage:

["4C]ureaL-[methyl-'4C]methionine[2,3-3H]serine[o-14C]lysine[Y_32PIATP

UDP-[U-'4C]glucoseE. coli [32P]DNAfructose 1,6-[1-32P]bisphos-

phate

This journal follows the same conventions for iso-topic labeling as the Journal ofBiological Chemistry,and more detailed information can be found in theinstructions to authors of that journal (first issue ofeach year).

xii

1990

ICAAC

YOUNG INVESTIGATOR

AWARDS

Call for Nominations

1990 ICAAC Young Investigator Awards:Eligibility and Nominations

The Young Investigator Awards were estab-lished in 1983 for the Interscience Conference onAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC)under the sponsorship of Merck Sharp & Dohme.The awards are made annually to four individuals.The deadline for nominations for awards to be pre-sented at the 1990 ICAAC in Atlanta, Georgia, is01 April 1990.

Purpose. To recognize and reward young inves-tigators for excellence in research in the broad areasof microbiology and infectious diseases. A monetaryreward is provided to support attendance at ICAACand other endeavors enhancing the educational back-ground of the individual.

Eligibility. Pre- and postdoctoral students andfellows in microbiology and infectious disease fel-lows, including those not more than 24 months post-training, who have performed significant research inNorth America. Research eligible for evaluation islimited to the study and understanding of micro-biology, infectious diseases, or any of the sciencesassociated with the discovery and application ofchemotherapeutic agents.

Nominations. Individuals may be nominatedby an active member of ASM, and nominations areinvited from all qualified fellows. Nominationsshould include a completed nomination form whichprovides a biographical sketch of the nominee, a

summary appraisal of his or her research, and a listof his or her most pertinent publications. Nomina-tion forms can be obtained from ASM Headquar-ters (see below).

Supporting letters from appropriate individualsin the field, if possible from more than one institu-tion, are desirable.

Award process. Awardees will be selected bythe award committee on the basis of research poten-tial and quality. The committee will notify the secre-tary of ASM when the awardees have been selected.

Award. Each young investigator selected willreceive a monetary award and a plaque or scroll.Four awards will be made each year. The number ofawards will be reviewed annually by the committee.Awards will be presented by the chairman of theICAAC Committee at the annual ICAAC meeting.Awardees and their mentors will be honored at aprivate dinner hosted by the sponsor, Merck, Sharp& Dohme, and their names will be published in'ASM News. "

Submission procedure. Submit four copies ofthe completed nomination form and four copies ofsupporting letters by 01 April 1990 to Juliet Jacob-sen, Education and Professional Recognition, Amer-ican Society for Microbiology, 1325 MassachusettsAve. NW, Washington, DC 20005.

Supported by a grant from

Merck, Sharp & DohmeL

1990

HOECHST-ROUSSELAWARD

Call for Nomnations

1990 Hoechst-Roussel Award:Eligibility and Nominations

Nominations for the 1990 Hoechst-Roussel Award,under the sponsorship of Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceu-ticals, are invited by the Awards Committee and theInterscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy (ICAAC) Committee. Scientists from allparts of the world are eligible to receive the Hoechst-Roussel Award. Geographical restriction to the Americas,which was instituted in 1984, has been removed.

The deadline for nominations for the award to bepresented at the 1990 ICAAC in Atlanta, Georgia, is01 April 1990.

Purpose. The Hoechst-Roussel Award will be madea,nnually to a person engaged actively in research in thefield of antimicrobial chemotherapy. The award is madefor the purpose of stimulating research in this field.Appropriate research may be either basic work in thedevelopment of new agents, investigation of antimicrobialaction or resistance to antimicrobial agents, or appliedresearch relating to the pharmacology, toxicology, orclinical use of those agents.

Eligibility. There shall be no age limit for the award,and the sole requirement of candidacy shall be outstand-ing accomplishment in research or development in theareas appropriate to the award.

Award. The Hoechst-Roussel Award consists of acash award of $20,000 and a presentation plaque ormedal. In addition, the recipient and spouse will be reim-bursed for travel expenses to the presentation ceremoniesat the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agentsand Chemotherapy. At this meeting the recipient will be

expected to present a summation of the work for whichthe award is made, either as a lecture or by participationin a specially designated symposium.

Award process. The recipient of the Hoechst-RousselAward shall be selected by an Award Committee of fivepersons to be appointed by the president of the AmericanSociety for Microbiology.

Nominations. Nominations may be submitted bymembers of the American Society for Microbiology orthe Infectious Diseases Society of America, includingmembers of the Award Committee. Nominations mustbe received by the American Society for Microbiology by01 April of the year in which the award is to be made. Noperson shall submit more than one nomination. Nomina-tions shall be accompanied by (i) a nomination form,(ii) a biographical sketch of the nominee, (iii) a specificdescription of the research on which the nomination isbased, (iv) a list of his or her publications, and (v) a sup-porting letter, desirably including evaluations from per-sons who are in the field and not closely associated withthe nominees.

Submission procedures. All materials in support of anomination for the 1990 award must be assembled andcopied before submission. Submit six copies by 01 April1990 to Juliet Jacobsen, Education and ProfessionalRecognition, ASM, 1352 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005. Nominations will be returned to thesponsor if they are incomplete, and the deadline fortransmission to the committee cannot be extended. Dead-line: 01 April 1990.

Supported by

Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals

1990 APPLICATION FOR STUDENT MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1325 Massachusetts Avenue, NW * Washington, D.C 20005 * (202) 737-3600 * FAX (202) 737-0367

Eligibility Ary matriculated student majoring in microbiology or a related field who has not earned a doctoral degree is eligible for electionas a Student Member Student Members have all the privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in theSociety. Sudent Members receive ASM Nev& monrthly and are ented to subscrbe to the Socety's scentfic journals at member rates.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and reneied in January each year. Uness there are directions to the contmry, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

NAME ms.(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INMAL LAST

MAIL NAME AS YOU WANT IT TO APmAR ON YOUR MAILING LABELADDRESS WHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

5TATt/UVINm ZiPIPUSTAL CODE COUNTY

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SCHOOL

SIGNATURE OFAPPLICANT_ DATESIGNATURE OF CHAIRMANOF MAJOR DEPARTMENT MEMBER#1 I I I I*NOMINATED BY _________________MEMBER #l l

SIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBER*If your departnental chairman is a member of the ASM, a nominabng signature is not required. If you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, youcan still send in this member application form and we will contact you. Be sure to include your dues.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one):Information o A colleague [ An advertisement in a journal [ Presenting a paper at an ASM meeting

O A professor [l Direct mail inquiry []An ASM BranchO An ASM journal I A workshop, conference or meeting [ None of the above

Journals Please check:El Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollars only) ............................................... $10[ Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. &Canada

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ....... .................. $35Applied and Environmental Microbiology ....... .................. 39Molecular and Cellular Biology ................................. 43Clinical Microbiology Reviews ........... ....................... 17Infection and Immunity ....................................... 41International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology ...... .............. 35Journal of Bacteriology ....................................... 41Journal of Clinical Microbiology .......... ...................... 35Journal of Virology.......................................... 41Microbiological Reviews ............... ....................... 17ASM News...............................*Surface mail is a combination of air freight and surface detivery

IF YOU WANT TO RECEIVE THE ANNUALMEETING PROGRAM (FREE), CHECK HERE: O

OFFER EXPIRES MARCH 1, 1990

FOREIGNSurface* Air

.... $61 .... $171

.... 74.... 189

.... 93.... 268

.... 32.... 62

.... 81 .... 231

.... 42.... 77

.... 91 .... 311

.... 65.... 180

.... 91 .... 271

.... 32.... 6270

Total Joumal Fees $Add your $10 Membership Dues

Total $

Amount

+ $10

PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONA membership card and the journal(s) of your choice will be sent within 90 days upon completion of processing. ASM dues are tax deductibleto the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $7 of your dues for ASM Nev&. Rate are for 1990 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicantsfrom Canada may use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA, MasterCard,or American Express. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

O VISA # ____X_________ E_________________ E_EXPIRATIONO MASTERCARD#DATE:O AMEX # MO YRTODAY'S DATE L LI SIGNATURE ___________________

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1990 APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1325 Massachusetts Avenue, NW * Washington, D.C 20005 * (202) 737-3600 * FAX (202) 737-0367

Eligibility ASM welcomes to full nembership anyone who is interested in its objecties and has a minimum of a bachelor's degree or equivalentin microbiology or a related field.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year. Unls there are directions to the contrary, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

NAME US.DI(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LAST

MAIL NAME AS YOU WANT IT TO AMAR ON YOUR MAILING LABELADDRESS

WHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCIPTIONS

STATE/PROVINCE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRYPHONE( ) OFFCE (01) ( ) HME(02) YEAR OF BIRTH SEX

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SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATE

*NOMINATED BY S_NATURE_OF_A_M_MEMBER_MEMBER #1SIGNATURE OF AMM MEMBER

*If you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, you can still apply for membership and we will contact you.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one): [ Presenting a paper at an ASM meetingInformation L] A colleague O An advertisement in a journal O An ASM Branch

O A professor O Direct mail inquiry O Student membership in ASMO An ASM journal O A workshop, conference or meeting O None of the abave

Dues Annual dues for 1990 are $65. Dues include ASM News (monthly) and a $43 credit which may be deducted from the total costof the journal(s) you purchase at the special membership rates indicated below.

Journals o Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollars only) ................................................. $65O Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. & FOREIGNCanada Surface* Air Amount

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.$35 .... $61 .... $171 AAApplied and Environmental Microbiology.39 .... 74 .... 189 _ AEMolecular and Cellular Biology.43 .... 93 .... 268 _ CBClinical Microbiology Reviews. 17 .... 32.... 62 CMInfection and Immunity.41 .... 81 .... 231 IAInternational Journal of Systematic Bacteriology.35 .... 42 ... 77 IJJournal of Bacteriology.41 .... 91 .... 311 JBJournal of Clinical Microbiology.35 .... 65.... 180 JCJournal of Virology.41 .... 91 .... 271 JVMicrobiological Revies.17 .... 32.... 62 MRASM News ............................................................... 70*Surface mail is a combination of air freight and surface deliery Total Joumal Fees $

Subtract your $43 Member Journals Credit - $43IF YOU WANT TO RECEIVE THE ANNUIALMEETIF G

Y ROUGWAN T RECEIVE THECKANNUL Subtotal (If less than zero, enter zero) $MEETING PROGRAM (RE, CHEC HERE: O Add your $65 Membership Dues + $65

OFFEEXIREMACH,1Total (Dues plus Journals). If total is less than $65.00, enter $65 $

PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONA membership card, voting registration form, ASM Placement Service information and the journal(s) of your choice will be sent within90 days upon completion of processing. ASM dues are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $12 of yourdues for ASM Nevs. Rates are for 1990 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicantsfrom Canada may use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA,MasterCard, or American Express. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

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