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Author: Pamela H. Beck

●Date submitted to deafed.net-3/28/06●To contact the author for permission to

use this PowerPoint, please e-mail: cuedspdisc@aol.com

●To use this PowerPoint presentation in its entirety, please give credit to the author.

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Cued Speech: Yesterday & Today

Creation & Worldwide Adaptation

Pamela H. Beck

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The Inventor R. Orin Cornett, Ph.D.,

1923 - 2002Auditory Perception (diplacusis meter)

Individuals often hear a single tone differently in each ear;

Dr. Cornett invented a meter to measure the difference in pitch as perceived by the two ears

Physics, Communication theory (codes), Education Administration

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The shock!• U.S. Office of Education

• Annual review of Gallaudet College for deaf students

• Average deaf high school graduate read at the level of an 8 year old child• This is still true in the United States

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The Goal• To find a reasonable, easy way to

acquire a knowledge of spoken language as a base for reading.• Typical children know the spoken language

well before they begin to read.• Everything, including reading, is taught via

spoken language.

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The Goal continued…• To find a system which enables the

learning of phonemic language… • In a manner clear to the senses• Through conversational interaction

between parents and child• Efficiently

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The System• “In a manner clear to the senses”

•Accurate•Visually clear

•Important to hard-of-hearing as well as deaf individuals

• Phonemic synchronization•Matching information from the

articulators with the hand and the voice

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Sensory-integrated• Receptive:

• Links audition - vision - kinesthetic• Listening - lip-reading - speech modeling• phonemic awareness

• Expressive:• Links motor - kinesthetic - listening

• Like playing a musical instrument• Phonemic manipulation

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First Family: the Henegars

1966

Leah was 24 months old Language growth after introducing language

through Cued Speech First 6 months: from 0 - 143 words At 12 months: 307 additional words = 450 words in the first year

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Learning Language at Home • Children learn from their parents

Interacting Observing

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40 years later…

• Leah has a career in office management• A mother of 3 children

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The Expansion

• 1967: Introduced to 98 educators• 2 from each state of the USA• 33 introduced it to their schools

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Expansion continues

*1968-69• One traveling instructor1969-70• Two traveling instructors• Guidebook for parents• Manual for teachers

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60+ Adaptations to other Languages

1970•Spanish •Croatian-Serbian•Hindi•Swedish (revised

1993,1995)•Telegu

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Some other adaptations

• French 1971• Danish 1976• Dutch 1979• Hebrew 1976 (rev.1984)• Mandarin 1975 (rev. 1985)

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Finnish and Finnish-Swedish

1992• June Dixon-Millar, Snellman, Cornett• Guidelines for adapting Cued Speech to

additional languages– Cued Speech Journal vol. 5. pages 19 - 29

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Deaf children bilingual in two or more spoken languages

English/Arabic; /Mandarin; /Hindi/ Hebrew; /German, etc.

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Deaf Children Excelling —New Frontiers

• Inclusion in regular schools• Inclusion in regular classrooms

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Expanding visions

• Regular teachers using Cued Speech in direct instruction (e.g., Leah Henegar)

• Interpreting: parents pushed to introduce this

• Transliteration/Transphonation– (French: “codeur”)

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Expanding applicationsExpanding applications1970-80’s +1970-80’s +

• Speech articulation Speech articulation • Speech fluency Speech fluency

(stuttering)(stuttering)• Mental retardationMental retardation• Learning disabilitiesLearning disabilities• Deaf-blindDeaf-blind

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Areas of Research

• Auditory Discrimination• Visual speech reception• Receptive/expressive language• Reading• Bilingualism• Cochlear implantation use

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Cueing & Signing: Together

Cornett: 1975 The Balancing Act• Circus performers on two horses• Function in deaf community and hearing

community• Communication skills + social / cultural

orientation needed for acceptance • What is the priority?

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Bilingualism Position Statement NCSA 1990

#1 • The language of the home = the

language of the parents.• Fluent models of vocabulary and syntax• Hearing parents: spoken language• Deaf parents: visible language

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Bilingualism #2 …

• Substantial command of the phonological system of the language is needed before entering elementary school, as a base for reading & writing

• Emphasize the [Finnish] language through Cued Speech in pre-school years

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Bilingualism #3

If speech is a goal…

training in audition and speech production is required.

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Bilingualism #4 and #5

• Each language should be learned from persons who are good models of that language.

• Encourage continuing dialogue about bilingualism.

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Cued Speech provides

• Cued phonemes• Cued listening• Cued language• Cued lip-reading• Cued speech

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cued language…cued Finnish

• Cued Speech = the system• cued language = the visible product• cued Finnish = the specific language

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Many cuers who are deaf say:

• Embrace diversity in communication– Communication can include or exclude

people– Each mode of communication has its

benefits– Knowing more than one mode is

advantageous, like being multi-lingual

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Hilary Franklin

• Deaf people need to take advantage of ALL resources

• An increasing number of deaf people are embracing diversity– Deaf parents of deaf children are having

their children learn English through cueing at school

– Bilingual (ASL and English): sign, cue, speak — and be literate!

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2nd generation deaf cuers

• The young deaf cuers of the 1970’s and 1980’s are now having children, some of whom are deaf

• Cueing with their children from birth– Some are multilingual: spoken languages

plus signed language

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2nd generation deaf cuers

• Their grandparents are providing them with full access to spoken language, just like they did with their parents!

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Centers in Europe

• France (Paris): ALPC• Belgium• Switzerland • Netherlands

• UK (Dartmouth, Devon): Cued Speech Association, UK

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Europe continued…

• Spain– Madrid: Colegio Tres Olivos

• La Asociacion Entender y Hablar– Malaga: Modelo Oral Complementado

(MOC)– Girona: Crenag Narcis Maso

• Ce La Macana

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Use in other countries

• Poland• Malaysia• India• Canada• Portugal• South Africa• Etc.

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United States

• National Cued Speech Association (1982) www.cuedspeech.org

– State and local associations– Centers for instruction and advocacy: California,

Illinois, New York, Maine

• Cued Language Network of America– www.cuedlanguage.org (2002)

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Activities

• Camps:– Instruction– Implementation– Support– Networking– Fun

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Instructor Certification

• For those teaching Cued Speech to others

• Future: For educators using Cued Speech in classroom and clinical settings

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Transliterator Certification

• Two options currently: national and state level

• Educational Interpreter Proficiency Assessment (EIPA) for Cued Speech is being created with careful scientific validity

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Advocacy

• Federal laws and regulations• Collaborate with other organizations

related to deafness• Seek federal funds

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40th Anniversary Conference

• July 20 - 23, 2006• Preceded by CueSign Camp in same

location www.cuesigncamp.com• Baltimore, Maryland area• Conference, gala dinner, • children’s program

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Happy Cueing!