australias road lighting standards – into the energy efficiency age by alec fisher chair standards...
TRANSCRIPT
Australia’s Road Lighting Standards –Australia’s Road Lighting Standards –into the energy efficiency ageinto the energy efficiency age
byAlec Fisher Chair Standards CommitteeLighting for roads and public spaces
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
WHAT ROAD LIGHTING ?
There are about 2 million luminaires in service in Australia
30% are on main roads - Cat V and 70% on local roads - Cat P
Cat V - 250/400W lamps, Cat P - 40/80W lamps energy ~ equal
Projected increase 1.5-2% per annum - 45% over past 14 years
Costs - ~$10 a resident, ~$1m LG budget, 1-2% LG outlays
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
HOW IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY BEING MANDATED? • Originally part of the AGO Greenlight program
• To be implemented by compliance requirements in Standards - AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for roads and public spaces
• Traffic route lighting Category V - MEPs in W/m for HPS and MV for Cat V1 to V5
- Maximum ballast loss -‘Encourage’ service providers to replace low efficacy HPM (~30% of total)
• Pedestrian lighting Category P - ‘Encourage’ good practice - Trials of energy efficient luminaires
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
RECENT AMENDMENT OF 1158.1.1 CATEGORY V
LAMP REQUIREMENTS
Normally lamps used in Category V lighting schemes shall be HPS lamps
Where either the client or the lighting designer has documented that the colour rendering characteristics or colour appearance characteristics of HPS lamps are inadequate for the application, in which case MH lamps shall be used.
Applications where MH is deemed to be necessary include the following: - Cat V lighting in town and city centres. - Cat V lighting in or close to retail, commercial or entertainment precincts.
The use of HPM lamps in Category V lighting schemes is not permitted.
Ballast losses not greater than in 1158.6 Luminaires
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
Energy efficiency in Cat P
Cat P - large potential gains with newest CF and T5 lamps plus electronic ballasts
Energy usage by lamp type (including control gear)
Lamp CFL 42W T5 2x14W HPM 80W TF 2x20W Energy 47W 30W 89W 50W
But are they reliable? Equivalent 1st year failure rates from trial of 1175 T5 (20 months) and 250 CFL luminaires (17 months) Luminaire Lamp failures % ECG failures % 2x14W T5 trial 1.6 0.5 42W CFL trial 1.7 0.6 80W HPM historical 3.2 NA
Results indicate no technical bar to use
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
What about lighting performance? Indicative spacings for the different luminaires – H = 7.5m Road reserve = 20m
Luminaire Category P3 Category P4 Category P5 2 x 14W T5 26.1m 65.7m 81.9m
42W CFL 36.7m 70.6m 84.1m
2 x 24W T5 41.8m 74.5m 89.1m
80W HPM 43.7m 71.5m 87.2m
2 x 20W T8 - 17.9m 48.9m
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
RECENT AMENDMENT OF 1158.3.1 CAT P
Luminaire Type 4
The intensity at any angle of azimuth shall be not more than— (i) 720 cd in total or 180 cd/1000 lamp lumens, whichever is the
greater, at a vertical angle of 80° (ii) 300 cd in total or 80 cd/1000 lamp lumens, whichever is the
greater, at a vertical angle of 90°.
The changes are necessary because the original criteria inadvertently technically disadvantaged luminaires with energy efficient lamps, i.e. T5 and CFL. The change to absolute cd units is based on the in-service 80 W HPM.
The new luminaires have cd values much below that value. The original criteria are retained for the higher wattage luminaires.
T5 and CFL to be included in 1158.6 Luminaires Ballast losses set by regulation
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
NSW - with the encouraging results of the trials, Energy Australia has offered its customers the choice of the luminaires using CFL and T5 lamps. Over the next six years a program to replace 60 000 obsolescent 2x20W TF luminaires will be implemented
What is happening in other States?Queensland - 3year trial of 300 luminaires, fully instrumented, continuously monitoredVictoria - 300k 80w HPM luminaires; recent cost determination by regulator; Councils can proceed at own pace; 32W CFL favoured
Tasmania – T5 favoured South Australia?
Western Australia?
Overall we have not proceeded far into the energy efficiency age in public lighting
Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age
ARE THERE OTHER POTENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES?
Zero upward light – cut-off lighting requires more points - UWL Cat V 1% and Cat P 5%
Lower light level – 1158 light level low (Cat V) to very low (Cat P) compared to CE and EU
Dimming or switching out for reduced traffic/late hours – Cat V is good accident counter measure
LED lighting – still developing and untried in field
Solar power – isolated rural sites only
Cat V lamp ballasts
In Australia efficient lamps give best viable option
IN PERSPECTIVE AUS ROAD LIGHTING
IS IN GOOD SHAPE COMPARED TO THAT IN SOME COUNTRIES!