australian citizenship: our common bond – hindi · vkids fy, ,d lkans'k 3 vkids fy, ,d...

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrkgekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k

© Commonwealth of Australia 2009

;g dk;Z d‚ihjkbV ds v/khu gS- vki bLk Lkkexzh d¨ vius O;fäxr ,oa xSj&O;koLkkf;d mi;¨x vFkok vius LkaxBu ds varxZr mi;¨x gsrq bLks ;Fkkor :i esa ¼bLk Lkwpuk Lkfgr½ Mkmuy¨M] Ánf’kZr ;k iquÁZLrqr dj Lkdrs gSa- d‚ihjkbV vf/kfu;e 1968 [Copyright Act 1968] ds varxZr LohÑr mi;¨x ds fLkok vU; LkÒh vf/kdkj Lkqjf{kr gSa-

vkxs fdLkh vU; Ádkj ds vf/kdkj ds fy, vius fuosnu ;gka Òstsa : Commonwealth Copyright Administration Copyright Law Branch Attorney-General’s Department Robert Garran Offices National Circuit Barton ACT 2600

QSDLk : 02 6250 5989 bZesy : [email protected]

vkoztu ,oa ukxfjdrk foÒkx [Department of Immigration and Citizenship] dh jk"Vªh; Lkapkj 'kk[kk

6 Chan Street Belconnen ACT 2617

ISBN 978-1-92446-96-2

vLohdj.k : vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh ikBdksa d¨ ;g Pksrkouh nh tkrh gS fd bLk Ádk'ku esa e`r y¨xksa Lks LkEcaf/kr fp= v©j@;k Lkkexzh gS-

fo"k;&oLrq

vkids fy, ,d Lkans'k 3

ijh{k.kh; vuqÒkx

Òkx 1 & vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨x 8

Òkx 2 & vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rk,a] vf/kdkj ,oa Lok/khurk,a 16

Òkx 3 & vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj ,oa dkuwu 22

ijh{k.kh; vuqÒkx dh 'kCnkoyh 30

vH;kLk&;¨X; ijh{kk Á'u 34

xSj&ijh{k.kh; vuqÒkx

Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 38

Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kÃ xkFkk 54

xSj&ijh{k.kh; vuqÒkx dh 'kCnkoyh 72

v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, 74

vkÒkj 76

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ,d fo'ks"kkf/kdkj gS ftLkds dbZ ykÒ gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cudj vki ,d vuwBs jk"Vªh; Lkeqnk; esa 'kkfey g¨ jgs gSa-

3vkids fy, ,d Lkans'k

vkids fy, ,d Lkans'k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuus dk pquko djus ds fy, vkid¨ c/kkbZ g¨! fdLkh u, ns'k esa jgus v©j ,d ukxfjd ds :i esa 'kkfey güs ds fy, t:jr g¨rh gS LkkgLk] Á;kLk v©j LkeiZ.k&Òkouk dh- vius 'kkafrfÁ; ,oa y¨drkaf=d Lkekt esa vkids ;¨xnku d¨ ge ewY;oku Lke>rs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk vkids vkoztu ¼ekbxzs'ku½ dh fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gS- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuus dk eryc ;g gS fd vki vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa bLk ns'k Lks tqM+h gj pht ds Áfr Lkrr LkeiZ.k&Òkouk j[k jgs gSa- LkkFk gh] ;g vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; esa vkidh v©ipkfjd LknL;rk dh 'kq#vkr Òh gS- ;g og dne gS ftLkds vk/kkj ij vki dg Lkdsaxs fd ßeSa ,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ gw¡aß-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ,d fo'ks"kkf/kdkj gS ftLkds dbZ ykÒ gSa- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cudj vki ,d vuwBs jk"Vªh; Lkeqnk; esa 'kkfey g¨ jgs gSa- gekjs jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k gekjs tutkrh; y¨xksa ,oa ckn esa Lkkjh nqfu;k Lks vkdj ;gka cLks y¨xksa ds feys&tqys ;¨xnku Lks gqvk gS- ,d v¨j ge bLk fofo/krk dk mRLko eukrs gSa v©j nwLkjh v¨j ,dLkw=rk esa ca/ks] LkkeatL;iw.kZ jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k ds fy, Á;kLkjr gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; dh rkdr dk eryc ;g gS fd ge LkeL;kvksa ds Lkek/kku v©j vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ ,d egku ns'k] tSLkkfd ;g gS] cukus ds fy, ,dtqV g¨dj dk;Z djrs gSa- gekjs ikLk ,d lqn`<+ 'kkLku&Á.kkyh gS v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk ns'k ds dkuwu dk LkEeku djrs gSa- gekjh bLk lqn`<+rk] gekjh LkaLÑfr v©j gekjs fu;e&dkuwuksa dh :i&jpuk gekjs bfrgkLk Lks gqbZ gS- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; esa 'kkfey g¨dj vki bLk bfrgkLk dh fojkLkr ÁkIr djsaxs v©j bLkesa viuk ;¨xnku ns Lkdsaxs-

vkWLVªsfy;k ,d Ákphu ÒwÒkx gS- ;g fo'kky v©j vuwBk gS- ;g cjLkkrh taxyksa ,oa ouh; ÒwÒkxksa] Lkqugjs Lkeqæ&rVksa ,oa 'kq"d e#LFkyksa okyk ,d ns'k gS- gekjh tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ka nqfu;k dh Ákphure Lkrr LkaLÑfr;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa- LkkFk gh ge ,d ;qok jk"Vª Òh gSa & ÁokfLk;ksa dk jk"Vª- vkWLVªsfy;k esa ;wjïh; y¨xksa dk cLkuk 1788 esa gh 'kq: g¨ x;k Fkk v©j vkt Òh ge u,&u, ÁokfLk;ksa dk Lokxr dj jgs gSa- 200 Lks Òh vf/kd ns'kksa ds y¨xksa us vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ viuk ?kj cuk;k gS- QyLo:i] gekjk Lkekt nqfu;k ds LkokZf/kd fofo/krkiw.kZ Lkektksa esa Lks ,d gS- vkWLVªsfy;k us Átkrh; ,oa LkkaLÑfrd fofo/krk d¨ ,d jk"Vªh;rk ds :i esa fij¨;k gS- ukxfjdrk gh og cU/ku gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ,d y¨drkaf=d ns'k gS- ukxfjdrk ds ek/;e Lks vkid¨ gekjs bLk y¨drkaf=d jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k esa viuh iw.kZ Òkxhnkjh djus dk e©dk feyrk gS- bLkdk eryc ;g gS fd vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; ds ,d v©ipkfjd LknL; ds :i esa vius nkf;Roksa d¨ iwjk djus ds fy, rS;kj gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x ÁR;sd O;fä ds LkEeku v©j mLkdh Lora=rk] L=h&iq#"k dh Lkekurk rFkk dkuwu ds 'kkLku esa fo'okLk djrs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk dk eryc gS bu ewY;ksa d¨ vius nSfud thou esa thuk-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ÁfrKkvkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh ukxfjdksa ds fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd os gekjs vf/kdkjksa v©j nkf;Roksa d¨ Lke>sa v©j ;g tku ldsa fd ukxfjd güs dk vFkZ D;k g¨rk gS] pkgs ge tUe Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ gksa ;k bLks viuk ns'k pquk g¨- ;g gekjs jk"Vª&fuekZ.k dk ,d fu.kkZ;d fcUnq gS-

tc vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g esa 'kkfey gksaxs r¨ vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ÁfrKk xzg.k djsaxs- ,sLkk djrs gq, vki LkkoZtfud r©j ij vkWLVªsfy;k ds Áfr viuh LkeiZ.k&Òkouk n'kkZrs gSa rFkk ukxfjd güs ds nkf;Roksa v©j fo'ks"kkf/kdkjksa d¨ Lohdkj djrs gSa- tc vki bLk ÁfrKk ds ihNs Nqis vFkZ d¨ Lke>saxs r¨ bLk ckr d¨ csgrj <ax Lks Lke> Lkdsaxs fd ,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ güs rFkk bu nkf;Roksa v©j fo'ks"kkf/kdkjksa dk D;k vFkZ gS-

vki fuEukafdr ÁfrKk djsaxs :

vkt ds fnu Lks] bZ'oj d¨ Lkk{kh j[kdj]*

eSa vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨xksa ds Áfr fu"Bkoku jgus dh ÁfrKk djrk@djrh gw¡a]

ftudh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rkvksa esa esjk Lkk>k fo'okLk gS]

ftuds vf/kdkjksa v©j Lok/khurkvksa dk eSa LkEeku djrk@djrh gw¡a]

v©j ftuds dkuwuksa d¨ eSa LkeFkZu nwaxk@nwaxh v©j ftudk ikyu d:axk@d:axh-

* ;fn d¨bZ pkgs r¨] og ^bZ'oj d¨ Lkk{kh j[kdj* 'kCnksa dk Á;¨x ugÈ Hkh dj Lkdrk gS-

tc vki bLk iqLrd d¨ i<+saxs r¨ vki bLk ÁfrKk esa fufgr ÒkokFkZ d¨ iwjh rjg ls Lke> Lkdsaxs v©j bl ckr ls Hkh voxr gks ik,axs fd vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkekt esa viuh Òwfedk dSLks Lk'kä dj Lkdrs gSa-

4 vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuukvkWLVªsfy;k dk ÁokLkh bfrgkLk 200 o"kZ Lks Òh vf/kd iqjkuk gS- bLk rjg ge vÒh Òh ,d ;qok jk"Vª gSa v©j vki bLk xkFkk ds ,d vax gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd ds :i esa vki t¨ Òh fu.kZ; ysaxs mLkLks gekjs Òfo"; dh :ijs[kk r; djus esa enn feysxh-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ijh{kkvkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ijh{kk ;g tkapus ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ gS fd vkids ikLk vkWLVªsfy;k rFkk ukxfjdrk ds nkf;Roksa v©j fo'ks"kkf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa i;kZIr Kku gS ;k ugÈ-

ukxfjdrk ijh{kk ;g tkapus ds fy, Òh rS;kj dh xbZ gS fd D;k vkid¨ vaxzsth Òk"kk dk vk/kkjÒwr Kku gS- vaxzsth gekjh jk"Vª Òk"kk gS- vaxzsth esa Lkaokn djus Lks vkid¨ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkekt esa v©j vf/kd LkfØ; Òwfedk fuÒkus esa enn feyrh gS- bLkLks vkid¨ f'k{kk] j¨txkj rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k esa miyC/k vU; voLkjksa dk iwjk&iwjk ykÒ mBkus esa Lkgk;rk feyrh gS-

ukxfjdrk ijh{kk vaxzsth esa ,d cgqfodYih; ¼efYViy p‚;Lk½ daI;wVj&vk/kkfjr ijh{kk gS- ukxfjdrk ijh{kk esa vusd Á'uksa ds Lkewg Lks ;kn`{kd ¼jSaMe½ rjhds Lks 20 Á'u fudkys tkrs gSa- ijh{kk esa LkQy g¨us ds fy, vkid¨ 75 Áfr'kr] vFkkZr 20 esa Lks 15 Lkokyksa ds Lkgh&Lkgh mŸkj nsus gksaxs-

ukxfjdrk ijh{kk dk vk;¨tu iwjs vkWLVªsfy;k&Hkj esa vkoztu ,oa ukxfjdrk foÒkx ¼Department of Immigration and Citizenship½ ds dk;kZy;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gS- ijh{kkvksa dk vk;¨tu vkWLVªsfy;k ds dbZ {ks=h; LFkyksa rFkk dqN fons'kh nwrkoklksa esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gS-

ukxfjdrk ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djds vki ;g n'kkZ ik,axs fd vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ÁfrKk xzg.k djds vki t¨ Áfrc)rk iznf'kZr dj jgs gSa] mLks vki vPNh rjg Lke>rs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ijh{kk dh rS;kjhukxfjdrk ijh{kk dh rS;kjh ds fy, vkid¨ bl lalk/ku iqLrd dk v/;;u djuk g¨xk-

lalk/ku iqLrdlalk/ku iqLrd esa ,d ijh{k.kh; v©j nwLkjk xSj&ijh{k.kh; [kaM gS-

ijh{k.kh; [kaMukxfjdrk ijh{kk ikLk djus ds fy, vkid¨ t¨ Òh tkudkjh pkfg, og bLk iqLrd ds ÁFke rhu Òkxksa esa gS %

• Òkx 1 & vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨x

• Òkx 2 & vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rk,a] vf/kdkj ,oa Lok/khurk,a

• Òkx 3 & vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj ,oa dkuwu

ukxfjdrk ijh{kk ds Á'uksa ds mŸkj ns Lkdus ds fy, vkid¨ ijh{k.kh; [kaM esa nh xbZ tkudkfj;ksa d¨ tkuuk&Lke>uk g¨xk-

xSj&ijh{k.kh; [kaMxSj&ijh{k.kh; [kaM esa os egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;ka gSa ftuLks vkid¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds bfrgkLk v©j LkaLÑfr d¨ Lke> ikus esa enn feysxh- bu tkudkfj;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vkidh ijh{kk ugÈ yh tk,xh-

• Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k

• Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkFkk

vH;kLk Á'ukoyhijh{k.kh; [kaM ds var esa ukxfjdrk ijh{kk dh rS;kjh esa vkidh enn ds fy, 20 vH;kLk Á'u fn, x, gSa-

'kCnkoyhijh{k.kh; ,oa xSj&ijh{k.kh; n¨uksa gh [kaMksa ds var esa ,d 'kCnkoyh ¼Áeq[k 'kCn v©j muds vFkZ½ nh xbZ gS-

bLk lalk/ku iqLrd ds vuqokfnr LkaLdj.kfdLkh xSj&vaxzsth Òk"kk esa i<+us esa vf/kd Lk{ke Òkoh ukxfjdksa ds fy, bLk lalk/ku iqLrd dk vuqokn 34 Lkkeqnkf;d Òk"kkvksa esa djk;k x;k gS- Mkmuy¨M ds fy, ;s Lkkjs vuqokn dsoy vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk oscLkkbV www.citizenship.gov.au. ij miyC/k gSa-

5vkids fy, ,d Lkans'k

MhohMh Òkoh ukxfjdksa d¨ ukxfjdrk ijh{kk dh rS;kjh esa enn nsus ds fy, vaxzsth esa ,d Jo n'; ¼audio-visual½ MhohMh Òh miyC/k gS- mLk MhohMh esa vkid¨ ijh{k.kh; [kaM ds Áeq[k Çcnqvksa ds ckjs esa ,d ÁLrqfrdj.k v©j 20 vH;kLk Á'u Òh feysaxs- ;g MhohMh ,sLks y¨xksa ds fy, v/;;u esa Lkgk;rkFkZ rS;kj dh xbZ gS ftudk vaxzsth&Kku LkkekU; gS- ;g MhohM vkns'k nsdj ;k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk oscLkkbV www.citizenship.gov.au ij Mkmuy¨M ds fy, miyC/k gS-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ijh{kk ds n©jku Lkgk;rkvk'kk dh tkrh gS fd vf/kdka'k Òkoh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa ds ikLk fcuk fdLkh Lkgk;rk ds ukxfjdrk ijh{kk iw.kZ djus ds fy, vko';d Lkk{kjrk t:j g¨xh- ,sLks y¨x ftUgsa vaxzsth esa de Lkk{kjrk ds dkj.k Lkgk;rk dh t:jr gS] mUgsa ,d vf/kdkjh }kjk Á'u rFkk LkaÒkfor mŸkj t¨j Lks i<+dj Lkquk fn, tk,axs- ,sLks y¨xksa ds fy, Òh Lkgk;rk miyC/k g¨xh ftudk daI;wVj Kku lhfer gS ;k t¨ fdlh fodykaxrk ls xzLr gSa- vxj vkid¨ ,slk yxrk gS fd ukxfjdrk ijh{kk ds n©jku vkid¨ enn dh t:jr g¨xh] r¨ Ñi;k ukxfjdrk vf/kdkjh ¼citizenship officer½ d¨ Lkwfpr djsa-

gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k % vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ikB~;Øe bl daI;wVj&vk/kkfjr ijh{kk ds LFkku vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ikB~;Øe esa Òkx ysus ds ;¨X; g¨ Lkdrs gSa

ukxfjdrk ikB~;Øe esa bLk iqLrd ds ijh{k.kh; [kaM esa nh xbZ LkÒh tkudkfj;ka 'kkfey gksaxh- fQj Òh vkid¨ ;g n'kkZuk g¨xk fd vkid¨ vaxzsth dk cqfu;knh Kku gS v©j vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ÁfrKk esa fufgr vo/kkj.kkvksa d¨ Lke>rs gSa-

bLk ikB~;Øe ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk oscLkkbV www.citizenship.gov.au. ij miyC/k gS-

v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,vki ukxfjdrk Lkwpuk ykbu d¨ 131 880 ij Qü dj Lkdrs gSa ¼Lkëokj Lks 'kqØokj & Lkqcg 8.30 Lks 'kke 4.30 rd½-

;fn vkid¨ nqÒkf"k;k Lksok dh t:jr g¨] r¨ Ñi;k 131 450 ij Qü djsa-

vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk oscLkkbV www.citizenship.gov.au. Òh ns[k Lkdrs gSa

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨gvkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g N¨Vs Lrj ij g¨ Lkdrs gSa ftuesa de y¨x mifLFkr gksa] ;k os cgqr cM+s Òh g¨ Lkdrs gSa ftuesa LkSdM+ksa&gtkjksa y¨x 'kkfey gksa- u, ukxfjdksa dh meax v©j xoZ&Òkouk bLks ,d vkuUnnk;d mRLko cuk nsrh gS-

ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g ds vkjaÒ esa vkidk Lokxr vkids {ks= ds ÒwLokeh tutkrh; dchys ds fdLkh Áfrfuf/k }kjk fd;k tk Lkdrk gS- vkids LFkkuh; Lkeqnk; ds vU; usrkvksa ;k Lkjdkjh Áfrfuf/k;ksa Lks vki Á¨RLkkgu v©j Lokxr ds 'kCn Lkqusaxs-

ukxfjd cuus ds fy, rS;kj vU; y¨xksa ds LkkFk vki vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ÁfrKk t¨j Lks cÿdj i<+saxs ;k nqgjk,axs- ;g bLk mRLko dk LkcLks egRoiw.kZ i{k gS- tcrd vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds Áfr LkeiZ.k dh ÁfrKk u ys ysa] rc rd vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd ugÈ cu Lkdrs gSa- ÁfrKk djrs Lke; vki pkgsa r¨ gkFk esa j[kus ds fy, d¨bZ ifo= xzaFk LkkFk yk Lkdrs gSa] ij ,sLkk djuk t:jh ugÈ gS-

vkids Lkeqnk; ds usrk vFkok Lkjdkjh Áfrfuf/k ukxfjdrk ds vFkZ ij Lka{ksi esa Ádk'k Mkysaxs- vkid¨ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk dk Áek.k&i= feysxk] rFkk Lkeqnk; dh v¨j Lks d¨bZ N¨Vk&Lkk r¨gQk Òh fey Lkdrk gS- lHkh O;fDr vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªxku ß,sMokaLk vkWLVªsfy;k Qs;jß xk,axs- ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g ds ckn] vkid¨ vius vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ca/kqvksa ds LkkFk feyus&tqyus v©j [kqf'k;ka eukus dk e©dk feysxk-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuus ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k esa ,d LkkFkZd] 'kkafriw.kZ thou thus ds Á;kLk esa ge vkidh LkQyrk dh dkeuk djrs gSa-

ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g ds n©jku u, vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd

ijh{k.kh; [kaM vkjaÒ

Òkx 1vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨x

vkt ds fnu Lks] bZ'oj d¨ Lkk{kh j[kdj] *







vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨xukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g esa vki vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨xksa ds Áfr lR;fu"Bk dh ÁfrKk ysrs gSa- vr% vkids fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd gekjh viuh Lons'kh fojkLkr ds LkkFk&LkkFk vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkeqnk; v©j tuLka[;k ds ckjs esa Hkh tkus&Lke>sa- vkids fy, ;g Lke>uk Òh t:jh g¨xk fd ,d fczfV'k d‚yüh ds :i esa vius vfuf'pr vrhr Lks vkt ds ,d LkQy] cgqLkkaLÑfrd jk"Vª ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k dk fodkLk dSLks gqvk-

bLk [kaM esa vkidks ,sLkh dqN ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa i<+us dks feysxk] ftUgksaus gekjh bLk xkFkk ds fuekZ.k esa ;¨xnku fn;k gS- gekjs jkT;ksa v©j Áns'kksa ds ckjs esa tkudkfj;ka nh xbZ gSa rFkk mu ijEijkvksa ,oa Árhdksa ds ckjs esa Òh tkudkfj;ka gSa ftUgsa ge xoZ Lks fof'k"V :i Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ekurs gSa-

gekjs y¨xtutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xvkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k ds ÁFke fuokLkh Fks- os vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh; y¨x gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k dh tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ka nqfu;k dh Ákphure Lkrr tkjh LkaLÑfr;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa-

,sfrgkfLkd :i Lks vkfnokLkh y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k ds eq[; ÒwÒkx v©j rLekfu;k Lks vk, gSa- os 40 000 Lks 60 000 o"k ± rd ;gka jgrs vk, gSa-

V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh DoÈLkySaM ds mŸkj dh vksj ds }hiksa Lks vk, gSa- mudh viuh ,d fof'k"V LkkaLÑfrd igpku gS-

tutkrh; y¨xksa dh viuh dqN LkoZLkkekU; ekU;rk,a v©j ijEijk,a gSa ftuLks os vkt Òh ekxZn'kZu ÁkIr djrs gSa- bLk /kjrh Lks mudk ,d xgjk yxko gS ftLkdh vfÒO;fä mudh dFkkvksa] dykvksa v©j muds uR;ksa esa g¨rh gS-

;wjïh; y¨xksa ds cLkus ds vkjafÒd fnu;wjïh; y¨xksa dh vkcknh rc 'kq: gqbZ tc xzsV fczVsu Lks 26 tuojh 1788 d¨ ^QLVZ ¶yhV* ¼ÁFke csM+k½ ds uke Lks igpkus tkus okys 11 vkjïh tgkt ;gka igqaps-

mLk Lke; fczfV'k dkuwu cM+s Lk[r Fks v©j fofÒ™k vijk/kksa esa brus y¨xksa d¨ dSn dj fy;k x;k Fkk fd os tsyksa esa ugÈ Lkek Lkdrs Fks- bLk LkeL;k ds Lkek/kku ds fy, fczfV'k Lkjdkj us ;g r; fd;k fd bu vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ nqfu;k ds nwljs N¨j] U;w LkkmFk osYLk dh ubZ d‚yüh ¼mifuos'k½ esa LFkkukarfjr dj fn;k tk,xk-

U;w LkkmFk osYLk d‚yüh ds ÁFke xouZj&tujy dSIVu vkFkZj fQfyi [Captain Arthur Phillip] Fks- ;wjïh; vkcknh ds cLkus ds vkjafÒd fnuksa esa mUgksaus dbZ LkeL;kvksa ij fot; izkIr dh- d‚yüh cph jgh v©j ckn esa tc v©j Òh vf/kd vkjïh ,oa ÁFke ckf'kUns vk, r¨ d‚yüh fodfLkr g¨rh xbZ- ns'k ds vU; fgLLkksa esa v©j Òh d‚y¨fu;ka LFkkfir dh xb±-

vkjafÒd vktkn ckf'kUns xzsV fczVsu v©j vk;jySaM Lks vk,- vkWLVªsfy;k ds bfrgkLk] bLkdh LkaLÑfr v©j jktuhfrd n'kkvksa ij fczfV'k ,oa vk;fj'k fojkLkr dk cgqr cM+k ÁÒko iM+k gS-

1851 esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk rFkk foDV¨fj;k dh d‚y¨fu;ksa esa Lo.kZ dh [k¨t gqbZ- viuh&viuh fdLer vktekus ds fy, nqfu;k Òj ds y¨x bu d‚y¨fu;ksa esa vk,- mLk Lke; fdLkh xSj&;wjïh; Lkeqnk; Lks LkcLks cM+h Lka[;k esa vkus okys y¨x phu ls Fks- 10 gh Lkkyksa esa tuLka[;k n¨xquh Lks Òh T;knk g¨ xbZ-

vkWLVªsfy;k jk"Vªvkus okys n'kdksa esa bu vyx&vyx d‚y¨fu;ksa us feydj ,d jk"Vª cu tkus dk QSLkyk fy;k-

1901 esa bu d‚y¨fu;ksa d¨ feykdj jkT;ksa dk ,d ifjLka?k cuk fn;k x;k ftLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy ¼vkLVªsfy;u d‚euosYFk½ dgk x;k- mLk Lke; vkWLVªsfy;k dh vkcknh yxÒx 4 fefy;u Fkh- bLk tuLka[;k esa tutkrh; y¨x 'kkfey ugÈ Fks-

20oÈ 'krkCnh ds ÁFkek)ZZ esa y¨xksa ds vkus&tkus ds bLk Øe esa mrkj&p<+ko vkrk jgk- fczfV'k ÁokfLk;ksa d¨ ;gka cLkkus dh ;¨tuk,a cuÈ v©j dbZ y¨x vkdj cLks Òh-

f}rh; fo'o;q) ds ckn] tcfd ;wjï ds yk[kksa y¨xksa d¨ viuk ?kj&ckj N¨M+uk iM+k] r¨ xSj&fczfV'k ÁokfLk;ksa ds ;gka vkus dh ygj pyh- ,d u, thou ds Lkw=ikr ds fy, cM+h&Òkjh Lka[;k esa y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k vk,-

gky ds o"k ± esa gekjh vkoztu ¼ekbxzs'ku½ ,oa 'kj.kkFkÊ ;¨tukvksa ds rgr nqfu;k&Òj Lks y¨x ;gka vk, gSa- y¨x ;gka vius ifjokj dk fgLLkk cuus] ,d ;qok jk"Vª esa u, thou dh 'kq#vkr djus] ;k xjhch] ;q) v©j ;kruk Lks Lo;a dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, vk, gSa-

vkt vkWLVªsfy;k dh tuLka[;k djhc 22 fefy;u ¼n¨ dj¨M+] chLk yk[k½ gS- buesa Lks ,d&p©FkkbZ Lks Òh vf/kd y¨xksa dk tUe fons'kksa esa gqvk gS- gekjs ns'k ds fy, bu y¨xksa us t¨ vius ;¨xnku fn, gSa] muLks vkWLVªsfy;k vR;ar Lke) gqvk gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa dh fofo/krk dk Lkekj¨g eukus ds LkkFk&LkkFk gekjk y{; ,d Lk'kDr ,oa ,drk esa ca/kk ns'k cukuk Òh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dh jk"VªÒk"kk vaxzsth gS- ;g gekjh jk"Vªh; igpku dk ,d vax gS- vkWLVªsfy;k esa gj fdLkh d¨ vaxzsth Lkh[kus v©j bLkdk Á;¨x djus ds fy, Á¨RLkkfgr fd;k tkrk gS rkfd vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkekt esa Òkxhnkj cuus esa mls enn fey Lkds- T;knk ls T;knk thfodïktZu ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k esa dk;Z djus ds fy, Òh vaxzsth esa Lkaokn djuk egRoiw.kZ gS- vU; Òk"kkvksa d¨ Òh egRo fn;k tkrk gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds fofo/krkijd Lkekt esa 200 Lks Òh vf/kd Òk"kk,a cÿh tkrh gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k 10

Darwin

Brisbane

Perth

Queensland

NorthernTerritory

Western Australia

South Australia

vkWLVªsfy;k ds jkT; ,oa Áns'kvkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy jkT;ksa ,oa Áns'kksa dk ,d ifjLka?k gS] N% jkT; ,oa n¨ eq[; ÒwÒkxh; Áns'k gSa- dSucjk vkWLVªsfy;k dh jkt/kkuh gS] rFkk ÁR;sd jkT; ,oa eq[; ÒwÒkxh; Áns'kksa dh Òh viuh&viuh jkt/kkfu;ka gSa-

jkT; jkt/kkuh

New South Wales (NSW) Sydney

Victoria (Vic.) Melbourne

Queensland (Qld) Brisbane

Western Australia (WA) Perth

South Australia (SA) Adelaide

Tasmania (Tas.) Hobart

Áns'k jkt/kkuh

Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra

Northern Territory (NT) Darwin

dSucjk (Canberra) vkWLVªsfy;k dh jkt/kkuh Òh gS

New South Wales

Hobart

Melbourne

Australian Capital Territory

Adelaide

Tasmania

Victoria

CanberraSydney


vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jkt/kkuh {ks=

U;w LkkmFk osYLk

DoÈLkySaM

LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k

rLekfu;k

foDV¨fj;k

osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k

mŸkjh {ks=

jkT;U;w LkkmFk osYLk (New South Wales) fczfV'k y¨xksa }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k igyk mifuos'k ¼d‚yüh½ Fkk- fLkMuh U;w LkkmFk osYLk dh jkt/kkuh gS v©j ns'k dk LkcLks cM+k 'kgj Hkh gS- fLkMuh dk gkcZj fczt rFkk vïsjk gkmLk ns'k dh igpku gSa-

foDV¨fj;k (Victoria) eq[; ÒwÒkx ds jkT;ksa esa ls LkcLks N¨Vk jkT; gS- foDV¨fj;k esa vusd mRÑ"V Òouksa dk fuekZ.k 1850 esa Lo.kZ&g¨M+ ¼xŸM j'k½ ds Lke; fd;k x;k Fkk- foDV¨fj;k dh jkt/kkuh esyc‚uZ gS-

DoÈLkySaM (Queensland) nwLkjk LkcLks cM+k jkT; gS- bLkds mŸkj esa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiLkewg] m".kdfVca/kh; o"kkZou] Lke'khr¨".k LkeqærVh; {ks= rFkk ,d vDLkj 'kq"d jgus okyk van:uh {ks= gS- fo'oÁfLk) xzsV cSfj;j jhQ bLkds iwoÊ Lkeqæ&rV Lks g¨dj xqtjrk gS- DoÈLkySaM dh jkt/kkuh fczLcsu gS-

osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k (Western Australia) LkcLks cM+k jkT; gS- bLk jkT; dk iwoÊ fgLLkk T;knkrj e#Òwfe gS] tcfd nf{k.k&if'peh fgLLkk Ñf"k ,oa efnjk&mRiknu dh –f"V Lks Lke`) gS- bLk jkT; esa dbZ [kuu ifj;¨tuk,a gSa- jkT; dh dqy vkcknh dk yxÒx rhLk Áfr'kr jkt/kkuh iFkZ esa jgrk gS-

LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k (South Australia) :{k Lkeqæ&rV ,oa dbZ ÁfLk) efnjk&mRiknu {ks=ksa dk LFkku gS- jkt/kkuh ,fMysM esa v©ifuosf'kd okLrqdyk ds dbZ mRÑ"V uewus gSa-

rLekfu;k (Tasmania) LkcLks N¨Vk jkT; gS t¨fd cSLk LVªsV }kjk eq[; ÒwÒkx Lks vyx gS- T;knkrj }hi {ks= esa v{kr ,oa ,sdkfUrd Òw&ifj–';ksa dh Ápqjrk gS-

Áns'kvkWLVªsfy;kbZ jkt/kkuh {ks= (Australian Capital Territory) fLkMuh v©j esyc‚uZ ds chp fLFkr gS- jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh dSucjk ;gÈ gS- dSucjk esa LkaLkn ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k ds mPp U;k;ky; tSLks dbZ jk"Vªh; LkaLFkku gSa-

mŸkjh {ks= (Northern Territory) ds mŸkj esa m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= v©j nf{k.k esa e#LFkyh; yky feÍh gS- bLkdh N¨Vh&Lkh vkcknh ds vf/kdrj y¨x jkt/kkuh MkfoZu ,oa LkkFk gh ,fyLk ÇLÁXLk esa jgrs gSa] t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k ds e/; esa fLFkr izeq[k 'kgj gS-


gj Lkky vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk ds voLkj ij vusd ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨gksa dk vk;¨tu fd;k tkrk gS-

,sut+Sd Ms iSjsM

ijEijk,a ,oa Árhd&fpUgvkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa ds egRoiw.kZ fnoLkvkWLVªsfy;k fnoLkgj Lkky 26 tuojh d¨ ge vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk eukrs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk ds fnu vkWLVªsfy;k ds gjsd jkT; ,oa Áns'k esa LkkoZtfud vodk'k jgrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk d¨ iwjs vkWLVªsfy;k ds N¨Vs&cM+s Lkeqnk; mu LkÒh ckrksa dk Lkekj¨g eukrs gSa] ftudk LkEca/k vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ g¨us ds x©jo Lks tqM+k gksrk gS- ;g vkWLVªsfy;k dk LkcLks cM+k okf"kZd y¨d¨RLko gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk og fnu gS tcfd ge vius bfrgkLk ,oa mu reke y¨xksa dk LkEeku djrs gSa ftUgksaus bLk ns'k d¨ egku cuk;k gS- ;g orZeku esa vkuUn eukus dk v©j LkkFk feydj ,d Lke`) ,oa [kq'kuqek Òfo"; ds fuekZ.k ds fy, Áfrc)rk n'kZkus dk ,d fnu gS- bLkh dkj.k bLk fnu ns'k&Òj esa vusd ukxfjdrk mRLko Òh vk;¨ftr fd, tkrs gSa-

26 tuojh og fnu gS tcfd 1788 esa fczfV'k Lkjdkj }kjk vijkf/k;ksa dk ,d mifuos'k cukus ds fy, xzsV fczVsu Lks ^QLVZ ¶yhV* ¼ÁFke csM+k½ ds vkxeu dh o"kZxkaB iM+rh gS- QLVZ ¶yhV ds dekaMj dSIVu vkFkZj fQfyi [Captain Arthur Phillip] Fks-

vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk ds voLkj ij Á/kkuea=h dSucjk esa vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ n b;j ,okM~LkZ dh ?k¨"k.kk djrs gSa-

,sut+Sd Ms,sut+Sd Ms gj Lkky 25 vÁSy d¨ euk;k tkrk gS- ,sut+Sd Ms dk ukedj.k vkWLVªsfy;k v©j U;wt+hySaM dh Lk'kL= Lksukvksa ij fd;k x;k gS t¨fd ÁFke fo'o;q) ds n©jku 25 vÁSy 1915 d¨ rqdÊ ds xSfyi¨yh esa mrjh FkÈ-

,sut+Sd Ms ,d xaÒhj fnol gS tc ge ;q)] Lka?k"kZ v©j 'kkafr&j{kk ds fy, 'kghn gq, LkÒh vkWLVªsfy;kokfLk;ksa ds cfynkuksa d¨ ;kn djrs gSa- ge LkÒh LksokdehZ fL=;ksa v©j iq#"kksa ds LkkgLk dk Òh LkEeku djrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk] ,sut+Sd Ms rFkk vU; egRoiw.kZ jk"Vªh; fnoLkksa rFkk Lkekj¨gksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh [kaM 4] orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k esa ikbZ tk Lkdrh gS-


vkWLVªsfy;k dk vkfne /ot dkys] yky v©j ihys jax dk gS-

V‚jLk LVªsV }hioklh /ot gjs] uhys] dkys v©j LkQsn jax dk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds /otvkWLVªsfy;k ds rhu vkf/kdkfjd /ot gSa% vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; >aMk] vkWLVªsfy;k dk vkfne /ot ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokfl;ksa dk /ot-

gj jkT; v©j Áns'k dh viuh vyx&vyx /otk,a gSa- bUgsa i`"B Lka- 11 ij ns[kk tk Lkdrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; >aMk uhys] LkQsn v©j gjs jax dk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; >aMkvkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; >aMk uhys] LkQsn v©j yky jax dk gS- bLkds rhu egRoiw.kZ fgLLks gSa %

• xzsV fczVsu dk >aMk] ftLks ;wfu;u tSd ds uke Lks tkuk tkrk gS] LkcLks Åij ck,a d¨us esa gS- ;g >aMk fczfV'k vkcknh dk gekjk bfrgkLk ifjyf{kr djrk gS-

• ;wfu;u tSd ds uhps jk"VªeaMy flrkjk ¼d‚euosYFk LVkj½ gS ftLkds Lkkr d¨.k gSa- ÁR;sd d¨.k N% vyx&vyx jkT;ksa v©j ,d d¨.k LkÒh Áns'kksa dk Lkwpd gS-

• nkbZa v¨j cuk LknuZ Ø‚Lk fLkrkjksa dk og Lkewg gS ftLks ge nf{k.kh vkdk'k esa ns[krs gSa

vkWLVªsfy;k dk vkfne /otvkWLVªsfy;k dk vkfne /ot dkys] yky v©j ihys jax dk gS- bLkds rhu egRoiw.kZ fgLLks gSa v©j jaxksa dk LkoZekU; vFkZ ;g gS %

• Åijh vk/kk fgLLkk dkyk gS v©j ;g vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkfne y¨xksa dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrk gS-

• fupyk vk/kk fgLLkk yky gS t¨fd /kjrh rFkk bLk tehu Lks gekjs vk/;kfRed laca/k dk Árhd gS-

• ihyk o`Ÿk Lkw;Z dk Lkwpd gS-

V‚jLk LVªsV }hioklh /otV‚jLk LVªsV }hioklh /ot gjs] uhys] dkys v©j LkQsn jax dk gS-

• gjh ifÍ;ka /kjrh dh Lkwpd gSa-

• dsUæ esa cuk uhyk iSuy Lkeqæ dk Lkwpd gS-

• dkyh /kkfj;ka V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokfLk;ksa dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrh gSa-

• chp esa cus LkQsn urZd dh flj ij iguh gqbZ iks'kkd V‚jLk LVªsV ds LkÒh }hiokfLk;ksa dh Lkadsrd gS-

• LkQsn fLkrkjs ds d¨.k V‚jLk LVªsV ds }hiLkewgksa ds ifjpk;d gSa-

• LkQsn jax 'kkafr dk Árhd gS-


d‚euosYFk dk jktfpg~ud‚euosYFk dk jktfpg~u vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy dk jktdh; Árhd gS- ;g gekjh jk"Vªh; ,drk dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrk gS- ;g vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy ds Ákf/kdkj v©j LkEifŸk dk ifjpk;d gS-

• dsUæ esa cuh 'khYM ¼<ky½ N% jkT;ksa v©j muds ifjLka?k dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrh gS-

• ,d daxk: v©j ,d bew Lkgkjk fn, gq, gSa- daxk: vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkokLkh tkuoj gSa rFkk bew vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkokLkh i{kh gSa-

• 'khYM ds Åij ,d Lküs dk d‚euosYFk flrkjk cuk gqvk gS-

• i"BÒwfe esa Lkqugyk oSVy gS] t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; iq"i gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; iq"ivkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; iq"i Lkqugyk oSVy gS- ;g N¨Vk&Lkk i©/kk eq[;r% nf{k.k&iwoÊ vkWLVªsfy;k esa mxrk gS- bLkdh pednkj gjh ifŸk;ka g¨rh gSa rFkk oLkUr&_rq esa bl ij vusd Lkqugys Qwy f[kyrs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds gj jkT; v©j Áns'k ds Òh vius&vius iq"i&fpg~u gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; jaxvkWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; jax gSa gjk v©j Lkqugyk & vFkkZr oSVy Qwy ds jax- gekjs jk"Vªh; [ksy nyksa dh iks'kkd vke&r©j ij gjs v©j Lkqugys jax dh g¨rh gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; jRuvkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; jRu vïy ¼nwf/k;k½ gS- ,d vkfne dFkk ds vuqLkkj] bUæ/kuq"k us /kjrh d¨ Nqvk v©j vïy dk jax cu x;k-

d‚euosYFk jktfpg~u

vkWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; jax gSa gjk v©j Lkqugyk

Lkqugyk oSVy

vïy ¼nwf/k;k½


vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªxku

*,sMokaLk vkWLVªsfy;k Qs;j* ¼vkWLVªsfy;k] rsjk LkqfodkLk g¨½ vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªxku gS- bLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨gksa] [ksydwn ds [kkLk vk;¨tuksa rFkk Ldwyksa esa Òh xk;k tkrk gS- ;g jk"Vª d¨ ,drk ds Lkw= esa fij¨ dj j[krk gS rFkk ;g ,d

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd g¨us esa y¨xksa ds xoZ v©j vkuUn dks vfÒO;ä djrk gS-

Advance Australia Fair

Australians all let us rejoice,

For we are young and free;

We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;

Our home is girt by sea;

Our land abounds in nature’s gifts

Of beauty rich and rare;

In history’s page, let every stage

Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,


Beneath our radiant Southern Cross

We’ll toil with hearts and hands;

To make this Commonwealth of ours

Renowned of all the lands;

For those who’ve come across the seas

We’ve boundless plains to share;

With courage let us all combine

To Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,


*bLk jk"Vªxku ds 'kCnksa ds LkanÒZ esa vkidh ijh{kk ugÈ yh tk,xh-






* ;fn d¨bZ pkgs r¨, og ^bZ'oj d¨ Lkk{kh j[kdj* 'kCnksa dk Á;¨x ugÈ Hkh dj Lkdrk gS-

Òkx 2vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rk,a]

vf/kdkj ,oa Lora=rk,a


vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rk,a] vf/kdkj ,oa Lora=rk,adkuwu dh n`f"V esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨x ,d&Lkeku gSa v©j d¨bZ Òh O;fä ;k Lkewg dkuwu Lks ijs ugÈ gS- bLks dgrs gSa ^dkuwu dk 'kkLku*- os y¨x t¨ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; esa vf/kdkj dk in j[krs gSa] mUgsa Òh vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwuksa dk ikyu djuk g¨xk- bLkds varxZr Lkjdkj] Lkeqnk; ds usrk ,oa /keZxq#] O;kikjh oxZ v©j iqfyLk] LkHkh 'kkfey gSa-

'kkafriw.kZ thougesa ,d fLFkj 'kkLku&Á.kkyh ds LkkFk ,d 'kkafriw.kZ Lkekt esa jgus dk xoZ gS- gekjk fo'okLk gS fd d¨bZ Òh ifjorZu fopkj&foe'kZ] 'kkafriw.kZ nyhy ,oa y¨drkaf=d ÁfØ;k ds ek/;e Lks gük pkfg,- y¨xksa ds fopkj ;k dkuwu cnyus ds fy, ge ÇgLkkRed rjhdksa dk fu"ks/k djrs gSa-

LkÒh y¨xksa ds fy, vknj&Òkouk] pkgs os fdLkh Òh i`"BÒwfe ds gksanqfu;k Òj ds ns'kksa ds y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k esa cLkus vkrs gSa- dbZ y¨xksa dh fÒ™k LkkaLÑfrd fojkLkr] ekU;rk,a v©j ijEijk,a g¨rh gSa- gekjs y¨drkaf=d Lkekt esa ge Lkc y¨x bu ekU;rkvksa v©j ijEijkvksa ds fy, Lkk>snkj rcrd gSa tcrd fd os vkWLVªsfy;k dk dkuwu u r¨M+sa-

ge bLk Lora=rk d¨ ewY;oku Lke>rs gSa v©j vis{kk djrs gSa fd vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨x ,d&nwLkjs ds LkkFk vknj&LkEeku ds LkkFk is'k vk,a] pkgs os fdLkh Òh uLy] jk"Vªh; ewy] Çyx] ;©u vfÒ#fp] oSokfgd vc fLFkfr] vk;q] fodykaxrk] fojkLkr] LkaLÑfr] jktuhfr] LkEink ;k /keZ Lks LkEcaf/kr gksa-

LkÒh y¨xksa dh Áfr"Bk dks n`f"V esa j[k dj ge bLk ikjLifjd vknj&Òkouk d¨ ewY;oku Lke>rs gSa-

t:jreanksa ds fy, LkgkuqÒwfrvkWLVªsfy;k esa ^cU/kqrk dh psruk* gS- bLkdk ;g eryc gS fd ge t:jr ds Lke; ,d&nwLkjs dh enn djrs gSa v©j muLks enn izkIr djrs gSa- cU/kq dk eryc vDLkj fe= gqvk djrk gS] ysfdu og fcYdqy vtuch Òh g¨ Lkdrk gS- ,sLkk cU/kq fdLkh o;ö`) iM+¨Lkh ds ?kj Ò¨tu igqapk Lkdrk gS] fdLkh fe= d¨ M‚DVj Lks feyus ds fy, ys tk Lkdrk gS ;k fdLkh vdsys O;fä ds ikl cSBdj viuk Lke; ns Lkdrk gS-

cU/kqrk dh bLk psruk ds dkj.k dbZ O;fä v©j Lkewg Lo;aLksoh Lkkeqnkf;d Lksok ds ek/;e Lks nwLkjksa dh Lkgk;rk djrs gSa- Lo;aLksok ,d cgqr gh Lkar¨"knk;d dk;Z g¨ Lkdrk gS- LkkFk gh ;g nwLkjksa ds LkkFk viuk Kku ckaVus] ubZ dq'kyrk,a Lkh[kus v©j vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; ds Áfr viuRo c<+kus dk Òh voLkj Ánku djrh gS- gekjh Lkjdkj Òh Lkkekftd Lkqj{kk ,oa vU; Lksokvksa ds tfj;s t:jrean vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dh enn djrh gS-

ukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g esa vki bl ckr dh ÁfrKk djrs gSa fd vki vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rkvksa esa Lkk>snkj gSa rFkk vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa ds vf/kdkjksa v©j Lora=rkvksa dk LkEeku djrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ,d y¨drkaf=d ns'k gS- y¨dra= og 'kkLku& Á.kkyh gS ftLkesa ukxfjd ns'k ij 'kkLku djus rFkk mudh v¨j Lks dkuwu cukus ds fy, Lora= :i Lks vius Áfrfuf/k pqurs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x 'kkafr] LkEeku] Lora=rk v©j Lkekurk esa fo'okLk djrs gSa- ,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd güs dk ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ i{k gS & nwLkjs y¨xksa dh fofÒ™krkvksa v©j iLkUnksa dk LkEeku djuk] Òys gh vki mu iLkUnksa Lks Lkger u gksa- bLkdk eryc gS y¨xksa ds LkkFk Lkeqfpr O;ogkj djuk rFkk LkÒh vkWLVªsfy;kokfLk;ksa d¨ Lkeku voLkj v©j Lora=rk nsuk] pkgs os dgÈ Lks Òh vk, gksa] pkgs mudh t¨ Òh ijEijk g¨] v©j pkgs os L=h gksa ;k iq#"k-

bUgÈ y¨drkaf=d ekU;rkvksa us gekjs ns'k v©j gekjh LkaLÑfr dh :i&jpuk dh gS v©j ;gh dkj.k gS fd brus Lkkjs y¨x vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuuk pkgrs gSa- vr% ;g cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gS fd vki bu y¨drkaf=d ekU;rkvksa] vf/kdkjksa v©j Lora=rkvksa d¨ Lke>sa ftudk vknj LkÒh vkWLVªsfy;kokLkh djrs gSa-

gekjh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rk,aLkaLknh; y¨dra=vkWLVªsfy;k esa LkaLknh; y¨dra= ij vk/kkfjr 'kkLku&Á.kkyh gS- bLkdk eryc ;g gS fd ns'k ds 'kkLku esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨x 'kkfey gksrs gSa- Lkjdkj dh 'kfä vkWLVªsfy;k dh turk esa fufgr gS D;ksafd vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x LkaLkn esa viuk Áfrfuf/k pquus ds fy, fujUrj ernku djrs gSa- dsoy LkaLkn d¨ gh ns'k ij ykxw güs okys dkuwu cukus vkSj cnyus dk vf/kdkj gS-

LkaLknh; y¨dra= esa LkkaLkn vius fu.kZ;ksa ds fy, ernku ds tfj;s turk ds Áfr tokcnsg g¨rs gSa-

dkuwu dk 'kkLkuvkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwu vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh fuokfLk;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x ,d 'kkar ,oa LkqO;ofLFkr Lkekt ds fuekZ.k esa dkuwu dk egRo Lke>rs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwuksa ds rgr vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨xksa d¨ Lkaj{k.k ikus dk vf/kdkj gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwuksa dk ikyu gj fdLkh d¨ djuk g¨xk- ;fn os ,sLkk ugÈ djsaxs r¨ iqfyLk }kjk mUgsa fgjklr esa ysdj U;k;ky; esa is'k fd;k tk Lkdrk gS-


vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x Lkjdkjh fu.kZ;ksa v©j dkuwuksa ds f[kykQ 'kkafriw.kZ rjhds ls

foj¨/k ÁdV djus ds fy, Lora= gSa-

gekjh Lora=rk,adFku dh Lora=rk ,oa vfÒO;fä dh Lora=rkdFku dh Lora=rk y¨xksa d¨ vius fopkjksa d¨ cÿdj ;k fy[kdj ÁdV djus rFkk nwLkjksa ds LkkFk muij fopkj&foe'kZ djus dh vuqefr nsrh gS- vfÒO;fä dh Lora=rk y¨xksa d¨ dyk] fQYe] Lkaxhr v©j LkkfgR; ds ek/;e Lks vius fopkj O;ä djus dh vuqefr nsrh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa ge fdLkh Òh fo"k; ds ckjs esa t¨ Òh fopkj j[krs gSa] mLks futh ;k LkkoZtfud :i esa ge cÿus ;k fy[kus d¨ Lora= gSa] ijUrq ge fdLkh d¨ gkfu ugÈ igqapk Lkdrs gSa-

ge >wBs oäO; ugÈ ns Lkdrs gSa] nwLkjksa d¨ dkuwu r¨M+us ds fy, ugÈ mdLkk Lkdrs gSa v©j u gh vU; fdlh O;fä dh Áfr"Bk ij vkap igqapk Lkdrs gSa- >wBh Lkwpukvksa Lks fdLkh O;fä dh Áfr"Bk dh j{kk ds fy, dkuwu cus gq, gSa-

nwLkjs y¨xksa dh LkaLÑfr] Átkrh;rk ;k i"BÒwfe ds vk/kkj ij muLks ?k.kk djus ;k muds Áfr ÇgLkkRed dk;Z djus d¨ mdLkkus ds f[kykQ Òh dkuwu gSa-

Lkkekftd ;k jktuhfrd ppkZ ds fy, ge LkkoZtfud ;k futh LFkkuksa ij y¨xksa Lks feyus ds fy, Lora= gSa- ge Lkjdkj dh vky¨puk dj Lkdrs gSa] Lkjdkjh fu.kZ;ksa ds f[kykQ 'kkafriw.kZ foj¨/k&Án'kZu dj Lkdrs gSa rFkk dkuwu cnyus ds fy, vfÒ;ku pyk Lkdrs gSa-

gesa nwLkjs y¨xksa ds cÿus ,oa vfÒO;fä dh vktknh dk Òh LkEeku djuk pkfg,-

v[kckjksa] Vsfyfotu ,oa jsfM;¨ d¨ Òh ;gh Lora=rk ÁkIr gS-

Lka?k cukus dh Lora=rkvkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x fdLkh Òh dkuwuh LkaxBu esa 'kkfey güs d¨ Lora= gSa] tSLks% fdLkh jktuhfrd ny] etnwj Lka?k] /kkfeZd] LkkaLÑfrd ;k Lkkekftd xzqi esa- y¨x muesa 'kkfey u güs dk Òh fu.kZ; ys Lkdrs gSa-

Lkjdkj }kjk mBk, x, fdLkh dne ;k fdLkh LkaxBu ds f[kykQ y¨x ,d txg ,df=r g¨dj foj¨/k ÁdV dj Lkdrs gSa- ijUrq LkÒh foj¨/k dkuwu dh lhek ds vanj gksus pkfg, vFkkZr mUgsa 'kkafriw.kZ gksuk pkfg,] muLks fdLkh d¨ gkfu ugha igqapuh pkfg, v©j fdlh LkEifŸk d¨ uqdLkku ugha igqapuk pkfg,-

/keZ dh Lora=rk ,oa fujis{k LkjdkjvkWLVªsfy;k dh fojkLkr twMkbZ&fØf'p;u gS v©j cgqr Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ fØf'p;u ¼bZLkkbZ½ ds :i esa viuk ifjp; nsrs gSa- fØLkeLk ds fnuksa] tSLks xqM Ýk;Ms] bZLVj jfookj ,oa fØLkeLk d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k esa LkkoZtfud vodk'k jgrk gS-

ijUrq vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj fujis{k gS- bLkdk ;g eryc gS fd d¨bZ Òh vf/kdkfjd jk"Vªh; /keZ ugÈ gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa y¨x fdLkh Òh /keZ dk vuqLkj.k dj Lkdrs gSa] c'krsZ fd mu /ke ± dh ÁFkkvksa Lks vkWLVªsfy;k dk dkuwu Òax u g¨rk g¨- bZLkkbZ /keZ ds vykok c©)] bLyke] fgUnw] ;gwnh ,oa vU; dbZ /ke ± dk Hkh vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lora=rkiwoZd vuqLkj.k fd;k tkrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x bLk ckr ds fy, Òh Lora= gSa fd os pkgsa r¨ fdLkh Òh /keZ dk vuqLkj.k u djsa- Lkjdkj LkÒh ukxfjdksa ds LkkFk Lkeku O;ogkj djrh gS] pkgs mudk dksbZ Òh /keZ ;k fo'okLk g¨-

/ke ± dk ;g LkfEeJ.k vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ ,d thoUr cgqLkkaLÑfrd Lkekt cukus esa ;¨xnku nsrk gS-

dbZ /ke ± ds vius fu;e gSa fdUrq os vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwu ugÈ gSa- mnkgj.k ds fy,] rykd dh ÁfØ;k & ftLkesa cPpksa dh vfÒj{kk ,oa LkEifŸk dk fuiVkjk Òh 'kkfey gS & ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLkn }kjk ikfjr fu;eksa dk ikyu fd;k tkuk t:jh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨xksa d¨ bu fu;eksa Lks Lkaj{k.k dk vf/kdkj gS- dfri; /kkfeZd ;k LkkaLÑfrd ÁFkk,a] tSLks fd ,d gh Lke; esa ,d Lks vf/kd O;fä ds LkkFk fookg&LkEca/k j[kuk] vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwu ds f[kykQ gS-


L=h&iq#"k nüksa gh Fky] ty ;k ok;q Lksuk esa ÒrÊ g¨ Lkdrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa y¨x fdLkh Òh /keZ dk vuqLkj.k dj Lkdrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨xksa d¨ fo'ofo|ky; dh f'k{kk ikus dk voLkj ÁkIr gS-

gekjh Lkekurk,avkWLVªsfy;k esa LkekurkvkWLVªsfy;k esa ,sLks dbZ dkuwu gSa t¨ ;g Lkqfuf'pr djrs gSa fd fdLkh O;fä ds LkkFk mLkds L=h ;k iq#"k güs] mLkdh Átkfr] fodykaxrk ;k vk;q ds vk/kkj ij d¨bZ ÒsnÒko u fd;k tk,-

L=h&iq#"k dh LkekurkvkWLVªsfy;k esa L=h&iq#"k d¨ Lkeku vf/kdkj ÁkIr gSa- Çyx ds vk/kkj ij fdLkh O;fä ds lkFk ÒsnÒko djuk dkuwu ds f[kykQ gS-

fookg ,oa ,sLks gh vU; O;fäxr ekeyksa esa viuk Lora= p;u djus ds fy, L=h&iq#"k nüksa d¨ Lkeku vf/kdkj izkIr gSa rFkk dkuwu }kjk mUgsa ÇgLkk ;k /kedh ds fo#) Lkeku Lkaj{k.k ÁkIr gSa-

f'k{kk ,oa j¨txkj ds fy, L=h&iq#"k nüksa d¨ Lkeku voLkj miyC/k gSa- L=h&iq#"k nüksa gh LkaLkn ds fy, ÁR;k'kh ds :i esa [kM+s g¨ Lkdrs gSa- L=h&iq#"k nüksa gh vkWLVªsfy;k dh Áfrj{kk Lksuk v©j iqfyLk esa ÒrÊ g¨ Lkdrs gSa- U;k;ky; esa L=h&iq#"k nüksa gh ds LkkFk Lkeku O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gS-

voLkj dh LkekurkvkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x gekjs Lkekt esa d¨bZ tkfr&Òsn ugÈ ekurs gSa- cfYd] ge ,d fu"i{k Lkekt esa fo'okLk jgrs gSa tgka gj fdLkh d¨ ^LkqvoLkj* vo'; feyuk pkfg,- bLkdk ;g eryc gS fd d¨bZ Òh O;fä vius thou esa t¨ Òh miyfC/k gkfLky djs] og mLkdh dB¨j esgur v©j ;¨X;rk dk ifj.kke gük pkfg, u fd mLkdh LkEifŸk ds ÁÒko ;k i"BÒwfe dk- mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdLkh O;fä d¨ feyus okyh u©djh ;k Á¨™kfr mLkdh {kerkvksa v©j vuqÒo ds vk/kkj ij güh pkfg,] fdlh [kkLk i"BÒwfe ds dkj.k ugÈ-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa ,sLks dbZ mnkgj.k gSa fd dSLks u, vkÁokLkh y¨x ;gka vkdj O;kikj] O;olk;] dyk] y¨dLksok ,oa [ksydwn esa viuh esgur v©j ÁfrÒk ds dkj.k vxz.kh cu ik, gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k20

Lka?kh;] jkT; ;k Áns'k rFkk LFkkuh; Á'kkLku ds pqukoksa esa er nsdj ge vius erkuqLkkj Lkjdkj pykrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk ds nkf;Ro v©j vf/kdkjvkWLVªsfy;k dk ,d LFkk;h fuokLkh g¨us ds ukrs vki ,d Lora= ,oa y¨drkaf=d Lkekt esa jgus dk vuqHko gks pqdk gS- tc vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d ukxfjd cu tkrs gSa r¨ vkids dqN u, nkf;Ro Òh gksaxs vkSj vkid¨ dbZ u, ykÒ Òh ÁkIr gksaxs-

nkf;Ro & vki vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ D;k nsaxs,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa vkid¨ vo'; gh %

• dkuwu dk ikyu djuk pkfg,

• Lka?kh; rFkk jkT; ;k Áns'k ds pqukoksa rFkk jsQjsaMe esa ernku djuk pkfg,

• t:jr iM+us ij vkWLVªsfy;k dh j{kk djuh pkfg,

• vkxzg fd, tkus ij T;wjh ¼iap½ ds :i esa Òwfedk fuÒkuh pkfg,-

fo'ks"kkf/kdkj & vkWLVªsfy;k vkid¨ D;k nsxk,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa vkid¨ ;g vf/kdkj gS %

• Lka?kh; rFkk jkT; ;k Áns'k ds pqukoksa rFkk jsQjsaMe esa ernku djus dk

• vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨dLksok ;k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Áfrj{kk Lksuk esa dke djus ds fy, vkosnu nsus dk

• LkaLkn ds fy, pquko yM+us dk

• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ikLki¨VZ ds fy, vkosnu nsus ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k esa fuckZ/k :i Lks iqu% Áos'k djus dk

• fons'k esa jgrs gq, fdlh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ inkf/kdkjh Lks enn ikus dk

• fons'k esa tUesa cPpksa d¨ oa'kkf/kdkj ds vk/kkj ij vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa ntZ djkus dk

nkf;Rodkuwu dk ikyuLkjdkj esa gekjs Áfrfuf/k ,d LkqO;ofLFkr] Lora= ,oa Lkqjf{kr Lkekt ,oa gekjs vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, dkuwu cukrs gSa- LkÒh vkWLVªsfy;kokfLk;ksa ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn] jkT; ,oa Áns'k dh LkaLkn rFkk LFkkuh; Á'kkLku }kjk fufeZr dkuwuksa dk ikyu djuk vfuok;Z gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds dqN egRoiw.kZ dkuwuksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh Òkx 3] vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkjdkj ,oa dkuwu ds varxZr miyC/k gS-

Lka?kh; rFkk jkT; ;k Áns'k ds pqukoksa rFkk jsQjsaMe esa er nsukvkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh ukxfjdksa ds fy, erkf/kdkj ¼o¨ÇVx½ ,d egRoiw.kZ vf/kdkj v©j nkf;Ro] n¨uksa gh gS- ge mu y¨xksa ds i{k esa er nsrs gSa ftUgsa ge LkaLkn esa viuk Áfrfuf/k cukuk pkgrs gSa- ,sLkk djds ge vius fopkjkuqLkkj ns'k dk 'kkLku pykrs gSa v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds Òfo"; esa viuk ;¨xnku nsrs gSa-

,d ukxfjd ds :i esa] vki fujUrj Lka?kh; ,oa jkT; ;k Áns'k ds pqukoksa esa viuk er nsrs jgsaxs- dÒh&dÒkj] vki jsQjsaMe esa Òh er nsaxs t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkafo/kku d¨ cnyus ds fy, fn;k tkus okyk er gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkafo/kku ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh Òkx 3 vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkjdkj ,oa dkuwu ds varxZr miyC/k gS-

18 Lkky ;k mLkLks vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa dks fuokZpu Lkwph esa viuk uke v©j irk ntZ djkuk Pkkfg,-,d ckj fuokZPku lwPkh esa vkus ds ckn] 18 Lkky ;k mLkLks vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa ds fy, Lka?kh; rFkk jkT; vFkok Áns'k ds pqukoksa esa er nsuk vfuok;Z gS-

dqN jkT;ksa esa LFkkuh; Lkjdkj ds pqukoksa esa er nsuk vfuok;Z ugÈ gS-

t:jr iM+us ij vkWLVªsfy;k dh j{kk djukgkykafd vkWLVªsfy;k dh Áfrj{kk Lksuk esa dke djuk LoSfPNd gS] fdUrq t:jr iM+us ij ;g vR;ko';d gS fd vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh ukxfjd jk"Vª v©j bLkds thou dh j{kk ds fy, ,dtqV gksa-


vkxzg fd, tkus ij T+;wjh ¼iap½ ds :i esa Òwfedk fuÒkukT;wjh Lksok 18 Lkky ;k mLkLks vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa ds fy, ,d nkf;Ro gS] T;wjh dk eryc gS Lkk/kkj.k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ L=h&iq#"kksa dk ,d lewg] t¨ fdLkh U;k;ky;hu eqdnes esa xokfg;ka Lkqurs gSa v©j fdlh O;fä ds fun¨Z"k ;k vijk/kh gksus dk QSLkyk djrs gSa-

fuokZpu Lkwph esa ntZ fdLkh Òh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd d¨ T;wjh ds :i esa Lksok nsus ds fy, cqyk;k tk Lkdrk gS-

T;wjh Lksok Lks ;g Lkqfuf'pr g¨rk gS fd U;k;&Á.kkyh [kqyh v©j fu"i{k cuh jgs-

fo'ks"kkf/kdkjvkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨dLksok ;k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Áfrj{kk Lksuk esa dke djus ds fy, vkosnu nsuk;fn vki ,d vkLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd gSa r¨ vki vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨d Lksok esa dke djus ds fy, vkosnu ns Lkdrs gSa v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkjdkjh foÒkxksa esa viuh Lksok,a ns Lkdrs gSa] tSLks fd LksaVjÇyd [Centrelink] esfMds;j [Medicare], ;k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dj dk;kZy; [Australian Taxation Office]-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Áfrj{kk Lksuk ¼Fky] ty ,oa ok;q Lksuk½ esa Òh Òfo";&fuekZ.k ds fy, vkosnu nsus dk vf/kdkj gS-

LkaLkn ds fy, pquko yM+uk18 Lkky ;k bLkLks vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd Lka?kh;] jkT; ;k Áns'k Lrj ij LkaLknh; pquko yM+us ds fy, ÁR;k'kh cu Lkdrs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa dke djuk ,d Áfr"Bktud ckr güs ds LkkFk&lkFk ,d xaÒhj nkf;Ro Òh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ikLki¨VZ ds fy, vkosnu nsuk ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k esa fuckZ/k :i Lks iqu% Áos'k djuktc vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd cu tkrs gSa r¨ vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lora= :i Lks jguk vkidk vf/kdkj cu tkrk gS-

vkid¨ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ikLki¨VZ ds fy, vkosnu nsus dk vf/kdkj g¨rk gS- ,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd güs ds ukrs vki fons'kksa esa ?kweus v©j okfiLk vkWLVªsfy;k vkus ds fy, Lora= gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k okiLk y©Vus ds fy, vkid¨ oht+k dh t:jr ugÈ gS-

fons'k esa jgrs gq, vkWLVªsfy;kbZ inkf/kdkjh Lks enn ikukdbZ ns'kksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k dk nwrkokLk] mPpk;¨x ;k d©UL;qysV gksrk gS- tc vki fons'k esa gksa r¨ t:jr iM+us ij vki fdLkh inkf/kdkjh Lks enn ekax Lkdrs gSa-

bLkds varxZr ukxfjd vkUnÿu ;k ÁkÑfrd LkadV tSLkh vkdfLed ckrsa Òh 'kkfey gSa- ;s vf/kdkjh vkikRkdkyhu ikLki¨VZ Òh tkjh dj Lkdrs gSa rFkk fdLkh nq?kZVuk] xaÒhj chekjh ;k e`R;q dh n'kk esa Lkykg v©j Lkgk;rk ns Lkdrs gSa-

tc vki fdLkh vU; ns'k esa gksa r¨ vkid¨ mLk ns'k ds dkuwuksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,-

fons'k esa tUeas cPpksa d¨ oa'kkf/kdkj ds vk/kkj ij vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa ntZ djkukvkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa ds ,sLks cPps g¨ Lkdrs gSa t¨ fdLkh vU; ns'k esa iSnk gq, gksa- os vius bu cPpksa dk iathdj.k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa djk Lkdrs gSa- bLkds ckn bu cPpksa d¨ Òh os gh vf/kdkj v©j nkf;Ro ÁkIr g¨ tkrs gSa t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k esa tUeas cPpksa ds ikl g¨rs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkekt esa ÒkxhnkjhvkWLVªsfy;k LkÒh ukxfjdksa d¨ Lkekt esa Òkxhnkj cuus ds fy, Á¨RLkkfgr djrk gS- Lkekt esa Òkxhnkj cuus okys ukxfjd dbZ rjg Lks vkWLVªsfy;k ds fodkLk esa ;¨xnku nsrs gSa- vki iM+ Lkh ,oa LFkkuh; Lkeqnk;ksa esa 'kkfey g¨ Lkdrs gSa- vki Lkkekftd ,oa Lkkeqnkf;d dk; ± esa Lo;aLksok ns Lkdrs gSa- vki fdLkh dyk ;k LkaLÑfr Lks tqM+s LkaxBu esa Òkx ys Lkdrs gSa- vki jktuhfrd thou esa Òh LkfØ; Òkxhnkjh dj Lkdrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkeqnk; esa viuk ÁR;{k ;¨xnku nsus dk ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ rjhdk dj dk Òqxrku djuk gS- dj vkids mikftZr /ku ij yxrk gS] pkgs og u©djh Lks g¨] O;oLkk; Lks ;k fdLkh fuos'k Lks-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x ftu cgqr Lkkjs ykHkksa dk vkuan mBkrs gSa] os djksa ds dkj.k gh LkaÒo gSa- ÁkIr dj LokLF;] f'k{kk] Áfrj{kk] LkM+d ,oa jsy] rFkk Lkkekftd Lkqj{kk Lkfgr dbZ Lksokvksa ij [kpZ fd, tkrs gSa- dke djds rFkk viuk dj pqdkdj vki Lkjdkj d¨ bl ckr ds fy, enn ns Lkdrs gSa fd og vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkeqnk; d¨ ;s egRoiw.kZ Lksok,a Ánku dj Lkds- bu Lksokvksa ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k d¨] tSLkk fd og orZeku esa gS] ,d Lke`) ,oa veu&pSu okyk ns'k cukus esa enn feyrh gS- jkT; ,oa Áknsf'kd Lkjdkjsa rFkk LFkkuh; dkSafLky Òh bu Lksokvksa ds ,ot esa dj oLkwyrh gSa-

dj vnk djuk dkuwuu vko';d gS- dj O;oLkk;ksa ,oa O;fä;ksa Lks bLkdh oLkwyh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dj dk;kZy; (ATO) }kjk dh tkrh gS- ATO ;g Lkqfuf'pr djus ds fy, Á;kLkjr gS fd LkÒh ukxfjd dj Lks tqM+s vius vf/kdkjksa ,oa Lkgh&Lkgh dj pqdkus ds vius vfuok;Z drZO; d¨ Lke>sa-

22 vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k


eSa vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨xksa ds Áfr fu"Bku jgus dh ÁfrKk djrk@djrh gw¡a]





Òkx 3vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkjdkj ,oa dkuwu


vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkjdkj ,oa dkuwuukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g ds n©jku vki ;g ÁfrKk djrs gSa fd vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwu d¨ LkeFkZu nsaxs v©j mudk ikyu djsaxs- vkidks ;g Lke>uk t:jh gS fd vkWLVªsfy;k esa fdLk Ádkj dh 'kkLku&Á.kkyh gS] gekjs LkaLknh; y¨dra= esa dkuwu dSLks curs gSa v©j mudk fØ;kUo;u dSLks g¨rk gS- ;g Lke>uk Òh t:jh gS fd ,d ukxfjd ds :i esa vki dSLks vius erkuqLkkj ns'k dk 'kkLku pyk Lkdrs gSa-

esjs erkuqLkkj 'kkLku dSLks pyrk gS\o¨ÇVx ¼ernku½vkWLVªsfy;k esa 18 Lkky ;k bLkLks vf/kd mez ds ukxfjdksa d¨ Lka?kh; pqukoksa esa er nsus ds fy, viuk ukekadu djkuk t:jh gS- ernku ds Tkfj, vkidks gd feyrk gS fd vki Pkqusa fd laln esa dkSu vkidk izfrfuf/kRo djs- ;fn vkidk Lkeqfpr ukekadu u gqvk g¨] r¨ vki pquko esa er nsus ds gdnkj ugÈ gksaxs-

tSLks gh fuokZpu Lkwph esa vkidk uke vk tkrk gS] vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lka?kh; rFkk jkT; ,oa Áns'k ds pqukoksa esa er Mkyuk vfuok;Z g¨rk gS- ;fn vki fdLkh pquko esa er u nsa ;k vkids ikLk er u nsus dk dksbZ Lkeqfpr dkj.k u g¨] r¨ vkid¨ tqekZuk nsuk g¨xk- vfuok;Z ernku ;g Lkqfuf'pr djus dk rjhdk gS fd ge ftu y¨xksa d¨ pqurs gSa] os okLro esa y¨d cgqer dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrs gksa-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk fuokZpu vk;¨x (AEC) ,d d‚euosYFk ,tsULkh gS- ;g Lka?kh; pqukoksa rFkk jsQjsaMe dk vk;¨tu djrk gS rFkk mLkds ikLk d‚euosYFk fuokZpu Lkwph g¨rh gS- AEC erjksa d¨ fu"i{k ,oa bZekunkj fuokZpu djkus esa enn nsrk gS- AEC Lkjdkj Lks Lora= gS- jktuhfrd ny ;k Lkjdkj esa cSBs gq, y¨x AEC ds fu.kZ;ksa d¨ ÁÒkfor ugÈ dj Lkdrs- er dk rjhdk xqIr ernku gS] vr% vki fdLkh Òh mEehnokj d¨ Lora= v©j Lkqjf{kr Òko Lks er ns Lkdrs gSa- vki fdLks er ns jgs gSa] ;g d¨bZ ugÈ ns[krk gS- vkius fdLks er fn;k] bl ckjs esa vki nwLkjksa d¨ crk Lkdrs gSa] exj bLkds fy, vki ij d¨bZ ncko ugÈ Mky Lkdrk gS-

vius Áfrfuf/k ds Lke{k eqÌs mBkukvkWLVªsfy;k esa vkid¨ ;g vf/kdkj gS fd vki vius Lkj¨dkj ds Lkoky ;k eqÌs vius fuokZfpr Áfrfuf/k ds Lkkeus mBk Lkdrs gSa- mLkds ckn vkids fopkjksa ij LkaLkn esa mLk Lke; fopkj fd;k tk,xk tcfd og u, dkuwuksa ;k e©twnk dkuwuksa d¨ cnyus ij fopkj dj jgh g¨xh- mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;fn vkoztu Á.kkyh (immigration system) esa ifjorZu ykus ds LkEca/k esa vkids ikLk d¨bZ Lkq>ko g¨] r¨ vki bLkij ppkZ djus ds fy, vius LFkkuh; LkkaLkn Lks eqykdkr r; dj Lkdrs gSa- vius fopkjksa dh :ijs[kk ÁLrqr djrs gq, vki mLks i= Òh fy[k Lkdrs gSa-

bLk rjg LkkekU; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨x Òh dkuwu ,oa Lkjdkj dh uhfr;ksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa viuh ckr pyk Lkdrs gSa-

gekjh 'kkLku&Á.kkyh fdLk Ádkj LFkkfir g¨rh gS\ifjLka?k1901 Lks igys vkWLVªsfy;k N% vyx&vyx Lo'kkLkh fczfV'k mifuos'kksa ¼d‚yfu;ksa½ Lks feydj cuk gqvk Fkk-

bLkdh Lkhek ds vUnj gj mifuos'k dk viuk vyx Lkafo/kku ,oa Áfrj{kk] vkoztu ¼bfexzs'ku½] Mkd&O;oLFkk] O;kikj ,oa ifjogu LkEca/kh vius&vius fu;e Fks-

dbZ dkj.kksa Lks y¨x ;g pkgrs Fks fd ;s LkÒh mifuos'k feydj ,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"Vª cu tk,a- bu mifuos'kksa ds chp O;kikj v©j ifjogu LkqLr v©j egaxk Lkkfcr g¨ jgk Fkk- Lkhek&ikj dkuwuksa d¨ ykxw djus esa dfBukb;ka gksrh FkÈ- vyx&vyx mifuos'kksa ds dkj.k Áfrj{kk Á.kkyh Òh det¨j Fkh- bLkLks Òh T;knk egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g Fkh fd vkWLVªsfy;k dh jk"Vªh; igpku cuus yxh Fkh- [ksydwn dh Vhesa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij vkWLVªsfy;k dk Áfrfuf/kRo djus yxh FkÈ rFkk y¨dfÁ; xhrksa] dforkvksa] dgkfu;ksa v©j dykvksa ds ek/;e Lks ,d vuwBh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLÑfr mÒj jgh Fkh-

ns'k dk ,dkdhdj.k djuk ,d dfBu dke Fkk] ysfdu Lke; xqtjrs&xqtjrs ,d vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"Vª dk Lkiuk Lkkdkj g¨ x;k- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa d¨ bLk ckr dk xoZ gS fd muds ns'k dk vH;qn; fdLkh Økafr ;k jäikr Lks ugÈ] cfYd ckrphr v©j jk;'kqekjh ds ek/;e Lks gqvk-

1 tuojh 1901 d¨] bu mifuos'kksa ;k d‚y¨fu;ksa d¨ feykdj ,d jkT;Lka?k cuk fn;k x;k ftLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy dk uke fn;k x;k-


vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lkafo/kkuvkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy Lkafo/kku vf/kfu;e 1900 (The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900) og oS/kkfud nLrkost gS ftLkesa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj ds fy, vk/kkjÒwr fu;e r; fd, x, gSa- ewy :i Lks] vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lkafo/kku 1900 esa fczfV'k LkaLkn vf/kfu;e (British Act of Parliament) ds ,d vax ds :i esa ikfjr fd;k x;k Fkk- 1 tuojh 1901 d¨] tcfd Lkafo/kku ÁÒkoh gqvk] vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh mifuos'k ,d Lora= jk"Vª cu x, & vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkafo/kku }kjk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy dh LkaLkn dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftLkesa ,d Áfrfuf/k LkÒk@y¨d LkÒk (House of Representatives) rFkk ,d LkhusV g¨rk gS- Lkafo/kku }kjk vkWLVªsfy;k ds mPp U;k;ky; dh Òh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftLks vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwuksa dh O;k[;k djus v©j mUgsa Á;qä djus dk vf/kdkj ÁkIr gS-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku esa ifjorZu ykus dk ,d gh rjhdk gS & jsQjsaMe uked fo'ks"k ernku ds tfj;s-

jsQjsaMe esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkafo/kku esa ifjorZu ykus gsrq nqgjs cgqer dh t:jr g¨rh gS- bLkdk eryc ;g gS fd vf/kdka'k jkT;ksa ds vf/kdka'k ernkrk rFkk iwjs ns'k ds vf/kdka'k ernkrk mLk ifjorZu ds i{k esa er nsa-

Lkjdkj dh 'kfä dSLks fu;af=r g¨rh gS\vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkafo/kku }kjk jkT;&'kfä d¨ Lkjdkj ds rhu vaxksa esa ckaV fn;k x;k gS- ,slk bl fy, fd;k x;k gS ftlls fd ,d gh O;fä ;k ny vkWLVªsfy;k ds 'kkLku dk ,dkf/kdkjh u cu tk,-

fo/kkf;dk dh 'kfä dkuwu cukus vkSj cnyus dh 'kfä LkaLkn dh jpuk turk ds pqus gq, Áfrfuf/k;ksa Lks g¨rh gS-

dk;Zikfydk dh 'kfä dk;Zikfydk dh 'kfä dk vFkZ gS dkuwu d¨ dk;kZfUor djuk- dk;Zikfydk ds varxZr vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkjdkj ds ea=h rFkk xouZj&tujy vkrs gSa- gj ea=h ,d ;k ,d Lks vf/kd Lkjdkjh foÒkxksa ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gksrk gS-

U;k;ikfydk dh 'kfä U;k;k/kh'kksa ¼ttksa½ dks dkuwu dh O;k[;k djus v©j mUgsa Á;¨x esa ykus dk vf/kdkj ÁkIr gS- U;k;ky; ,oa tt LkaLkn v©j Lkjdkj Lks Lora= gksrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkafo/kku esa bu 'kfä;ksa dk fyf[kr mYys[k gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªk/;{k d©u gS\vkWLVªsfy;k dh jk"Vªk/;{k vkWLVªsfy;k dh egkjkuh] egkefge egkjkuh ,fytkcsFk f}rh; gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa egkjkuh dk dke Lkjdkj dh nSfud xfrfof/k;ka fuiVkuk ugÈ gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds Á/kkuea=h dh Lkykg ij egkjkuh vkWLVªsfy;k esa vius Áfrfuf/k ds :i esa xouZj&tujy dh fu;qfä djrh gSa- xouZj&tujy LkÒh jktuhfrd nyksa Lks Lora= :i esa viuk dk;Z djrk gS-

ÁR;sd jkT; esa Òh ,d xouZj g¨rk gS t¨ egkjkuh dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrk gS v©j ftLkdk dke xouZj&tujy dh rjg gh g¨rk gS-

LkaoS/kkfud jktra=vkWLVªsfy;k ,d LkaoS/kkfud jktra= gS- LkaoS/kkfud jktra= ,sLks ns'k d¨ dgrs gSa tgka dk jk"Vªk/;{k jktk ;k jkuh g¨rh gS fdUrq mUgsa Lkafo/kku ds vuqLkkj dk;Z djuk g¨rk gS-

LkaLknh; y¨dra= dh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Á.kkyh fczfV'k Á.kkyh ij vk/kkfjr Fkh t¨ fd 'krkfCn;ksa ds dkyØe esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Á.kkyh ds :i esa fodfLkr gqbZ- vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dk usrk ogka dk Á/kkuea=h g¨rk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lkafo/kku


xouZj&tujy dh ÒwfedkxouZj&tujy %

• vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn }kjk dkuwu ds :i esa ikfjr LkÒh fo/ks;dksa ij gLrk{kj djrk gS ¼bLks ^jkt Lkgefr* dgrs gSa½

• fu;eksa ij gLrk{kj djrk gS

• jLeh ¼v©ipkfjd½ drZO; fuÒkrk gS

• vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj v©j bLkds eaf=;ksa] Lka?kh; ttksa ,oa vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfä;ksa d¨ vuqe¨fnr djrk gS-

xouZj&tujy ds ikLk fo'ks"k 'kfä;ka Òh g¨rh gSa ftUgsa ^vkjf{kr 'kfä;ka* dgk tkrk gS- bUgsa fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh Á;¨x esa yk;k tk Lkdrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds dqN usrk d©u&d©u Lks gSa\jk"Vªk/;{k vkWLVªsfy;k dh egkjkuh

xouZj&tujy vkWLVªsfy;k esa jk"Vªk/;{k dk Áfrfuf/k

xouZj ÁR;sd jkT; esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªk/;{k ds Áfrfuf/k

Á/kkuea=h vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dk usrk

Áhfe;j jkT; Lkjdkj dk usrk

eq[;ea=h Áns'k Lkjdkj dk ea=h

Lkjdkjh ea=h Lkjdkj ds usrk }kjk pquk x;k og LkkaLkn t¨ Lkjdkj ds fdLkh {ks= ds fy, mŸkjnk;h g¨rk gS-

LkaLkn LknL; (MP) vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa dk pquk gqvk Áfrfuf/k

LkhusVj vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkaLkn esa fdLkh jkT; ;k Áns'k dk fuokZfpr Áfrfuf/k

es;j vFkok 'kk;j ÁsfLkMsaV y¨dy dkSafLky dk usrk

dkSaLksyj

y¨dy dkSafLky dk fuokZfpr LknL;

vkWLVªsfy;k dk Á'kkLku fdLk Ádkj fd;k tkrk gS\vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkjdkjvkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj d¨ Lka?kh; Lkjdkj ;k jk"VªeaMy ¼d‚euosYFk½ Lkjdkj Òh dgk tkrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn ds n¨ Lknu g¨rs gSa %

• Áfrfuf/k LkÒk@y¨d LkÒk

• LkhusV

nüksa gh Lknuksa ds LknL; Lka?kh; pqukoksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh turk }kjk ÁR;{k :i Lks pqus tkrs gSa- tc vki Lka?kh; pquko esa er nsrs gSa] r¨ vki LkkekU;r% bu nüksa gh Lknuksa ds Áfrfuf/k;ksa dk pquko djrs gSa-

dSucjk dk vŸM ikfyZ;kesaV gkmLk ¼iqjkuk LkaLkn Òou½ 1927 esa [kqyk-

dSucjk dk U;w ikfyZ;kesaV gkmLk ¼u;k LkaLkn Òou½ 1988 esa [kqyk-


Áfrfuf/k LkÒk@y¨d LkÒk

LkhusV

Áfrfuf/k LkÒk@y¨d LkÒkÁfrfuf/k LkÒk d¨ dbZ ckj fupyk Lknu ;k y¨d LkÒk Òh dgk tkrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k Lka?kh; fuokZpu {ks=ksa esa caVk gqvk gS- ÁR;sd fuokZpu {ks= esa jgus okys vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd y¨d LkÒk esa vius Áfrfuf/k ds :i esa ,d O;fä dk pquko djrs gSa- bLk Áfrfuf/k d¨ LkaLkn LknL; (MP) dgk tkrk gS-

ÁR;sd jkT; v©j Áns'k ds fy, LkaLkn LknL;ksa dh Lka[;k mLkdh vkcknh ij fuÒZj djrh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x y¨d LkÒk ds fy, dqy 150 LknL; pqurs gSa-

Áfrfuf/k LkÒk ;k y¨d LkÒk dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z u, dkuwuksa ;k dkuwuksa esa ifjorZu LkEca/kh ÁLrkoksa ij fopkj] ppkZ ,oa ernku djuk gS] y¨d LkÒk ds LknL; jk"Vªh; egRo ds fo"k;ksa ij Òh ppkZ djrs gSa-

LkhusVLkhusV d¨ dbZ ckj Åijh Lknu] Lkeh{kk Lknu ;k jkT; LkÒk Òh dgk tkrk gS-

LkhusV esa LkÒh jkT;ksa d¨ cjkcjh dk Áfrfuf/kRo fn;k tkrk gS] pkgs mudh vkcknh dqN Hkh D;ksa u g¨- ÁR;sd jkT; Lks 12 Áfrfuf/k;ksa d¨ pquk tkrk gS- eq[; ÒwÒkx ds n¨ Áns'k Òh vius n¨&n¨ Áfrfuf/k;ksa dk pquko djrs gSa- dqy feykdj 76 Áfrfuf/k pqus tkrs gSa v©j mUgsa LkhusVj dgk tkrk gS-

LkhusVj u, dkuwuksa ;k dkuwuksa esa ifjorZu LkEca/kh ÁLrkoksa ij fopkj] ppkZ ,oa ernku djrs gSa rFkk os jk"Vªh; egRo ds fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ Òh djrs gSa-

jkT; ,oa Áknsf'kd LkjdkjvkWLVªsfy;k esa N% jkT; ,oa n¨ eq[; ÒwÒkxh; ¼esuySaM½ Áns'k gSa- gj jkT; dk viuk Lkafo/kku v©j viuh LkaLkn gS- jkT; ,oa Áns'k Lkjdkjsa viuh&viuh jkt/kkfu;ksa esa fLFkr gSa-

jkT; Lkjdkj ds usrk dks Áhfe;j ,oa Áknsf'kd Lkjdkj ds usrk dks eq[;ea=h dgk tkrk gS-

jkT; Lkjdkjsa Òh Bhd vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dh rjg gh dke djrh gSa- ÁR;sd jkT; dk ,d xouZj g¨rk gS t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k dh egkjkuh dk Áfrfuf/kRo djrk gS- u©nZuZ VsjhVjh ¼mŸkjh Áns'k½ esa xouZj&tujy }kjk ,d Á'kkLkd (Administrator) dh fu;qfä dh tkrh gS- Á'kkLkd dh Òwfedk v©j ftEesnkfj;ka ogh gksrh gSa t¨ fdlh jkT; ds xouZj dh gksrh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkjdkj ds Lkeku gh y¨x er nsdj vius {ks= ds ,d Áfrfuf/k dk pquko djrs gSa- ;s Áfrfuf/k jkT; ;k Áns'k dh LkaLkn ds LknL; curs gSa-

LFkkuh; LkjdkjjkT; ,oa u©nZuZ VsjhVjh ¼mŸkjh Áns'k½ LFkkuh; Á'kkLku {ks=ksa esa caVs gq, gSa- bUgsa 'kgj] 'kk;j] uxj ;k uxjikfydk dgk tk ldrk gS- gj {ks= dk viuk ,d y¨dy dkSafLky g¨rk gS- ;s dkSafLky vius LFkkuh; Lkeqnk; ds fu;¨tu ,oa Lksok&Ánk; ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gksrs gSa- ÁR;sd LFkkuh; Á'kkLku {ks= esa fuokLk djus okys ukxfjd vius LFkkuh; dkSaLksyjksa dk pquko djus ds fy, er nsrs gSa-


vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj jk"Vªh; vkfFkZd Áca/ku ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gS-

jkT; ,oa Áknsf'kd Lkjdkjsa vLirkyksa ds fy, ftEesnkj gSa-

LFkkuh; Lkjdkjsa [ksydwn ds eSnkuksa ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gSa-

;g rhu&Lrjh; Lkjdkj D;k djrh gS\vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj fuEukafdr dk;¨± ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gS%

• dj fu/kkZj.k

• jk"Vªh; vkfFkZd Áca/ku

• vkoztu ,oa ukxfjdrk

• j¨txkj

• Mkd Lksok ,oa Lkapkj usVodZ

• Lkkekftd Lkqj{kk ¼isU'ku ,oa ifjokj Lkgk;rk½

• Áfrj{kk

• O;kikj

• ,;ji¨VZ ,oa gokbZ Lkqj{kk

• fons'kh ekeys ¼vU; ns'kksa ds LkkFk LkEca/k½

jkT; ,oa Áns'kksa dh Lkjdkjsa fuEukafdr dk;¨± ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gSa %

• vLirky ,oa LokLF; Lksok,a

• Ldwy

• jsyos

• LkM+d ,oa LkM+d ;krk;kr fu;a=.k

• ou

• iqfyLk

• y¨d ifjogu

LFkkuh; Lkjdkjsa ¼vkSj vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jkTk/kkuh {ks= ljdkj½ fuEukafdr dk;¨± ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gSa %

• ekxZ Lkadsr] ;krk;kr fu;a=.k

• LFkkuh; LkM+dsa] QqVikFk ,oa iqy

• ukfy;ka

• ikdZ] [ksy ds eSnku] fLoÇex iwy] [ksy ds eSnku

• dSÇEix xzkmaM ,oa dkjoka ikdZ

• [kk| ,oa ekaLk fujh{k.k

• 'k¨j ,oa tkuojksa ij fu;a=.k

• dpjk&Lkaxzg

• LFkkuh; iqLrdky;] g‚y ,oa Lkkeqnkf;d dsUæ

• cPpksa rFkk o;¨o`) y¨xksa dh ns[k&js[k ds dfri; eqÌs

• Òou ijfeV

• Ldwy fu;¨tu

• LFkkuh; i;kZoj.kh; eqÌs

dqN mŸkjnkf;Ro Lkjdkj ds fofÒ™k Lrjksa ds chp vkil esa ckaVs tkrs gSa- fofÒ™k Lrjksa dh Lkjdkjksa ds chp LkeUo; d¨ Á¨RLkkgu nsus ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k Lkjdkj ifj"kn (Council of Australian Government – COAG) dk xBu fd;k x;k gS-


vkWLVªsfy;k dh 'kkLku&i)fr

esa jktuhfrd nyksa dh D;k Òwfedk gS\d¨bZ Òh jktuhfrd ny ,sLks y¨xksa dk ,d lewg g¨rk gS t¨ ns'k dh 'kkLku&i)fr ds ckjs esa Lkeku fopkj/kkjk j[krs gSa- os viuh ikVÊ ds fopkjksa d¨ dkuwuksa esa cnyus ds fy, feytqy dj dke djrs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds eq[; jktuhfrd ny gSa% vkWLVªsfy;kbZ yscj ikVÊ] fycjy ikVÊ vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k] fn us'kuYLk rFkk fn vkWLVªsfy;u xzhULk-

T;knkrj LkaLkn LknL; jktuhfrd nyksa Lks okLrk j[krs gSa- dqN LkaLkn LknL; fdLkh Òh jktuhfrd ny Lks LkEca/k ugÈ j[krs- mUgsa Lora= dgk tkrk gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa vxj vki pkgsa r¨ fdLkh Hkh jktuhfrd ny ds LknL; cu Lkdrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dk xBu dSLks fd;k tkrk gS\pquko ds ckn] Áfrfuf/k LkÒk@y¨d LkÒk esa cgqer ikus okyk jktuhfrd ny ;k feys&tqys jktuhfrd ny vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj cukrs gSa- bLk ikVÊ dk usrk vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dk usrk vFkkZr Á/kkuea=h curk gS-

Áfrfuf/k LkÒk@y¨d LkÒk esa nwLkjs uEcj ij cgqer ikus okyk jktuhfrd ny ;k feys&tqys jktuhfrd ny d¨ foi{kh ny dgk tkrk gS- bLkds usrk d¨ foi{k dk usrk dgk tkrk gS-

Á/kkuea=h LkaLkn LknL;ksa ;k LkhusVjksa esa Lks eaf=;ksa d¨ pqurk gS- ;s ea=h Lkjdkj ds egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksa ¼i¨VZQ¨fy;¨½ ds fy, ftEesnkj g¨rs gSa] tSLks% j¨txkj] Lons'kh ekeys ;k d¨"k ¼Vªst+jh½- LkcLks ofj"B i¨VZQ¨fy;¨ okys eaf=;ksa d¨ ysdj dSfcusV cuk;k tkrk gS t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj dh Áeq[k fu.kkZ;d LkaLFkk g¨rh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn dk fuokZfpr LknL; u, dkuwu ;k dkuwu esa ifjorZu ds fy, ÁLrko is'k djrk gS- bl ÁLrko d¨ ^fcy* dgk tkrk gS-

y¨dLkÒk ,oa LkhusV bLk ckr ij fopkj] ppkZ v©j ernku djrs gSa fd os fdLkh fo/ks;d Lks Lkger gSa ;k ugÈ-

;fn LkaLkn ds ÁR;sd Lknu esa LknL;ksa dk cgqer mLk fo/ks;d Lks Lkger g¨rk gS r¨ mLks xouZj&tujy ds ikLk Òst fn;k tkrk gS-

tc xouZj&tujy fo/ks;d ij gLrk{kj dj nsrk gS r¨ og dkuwu cu tkrk gS- bLks ^jkt Lkgefr* dgrs gSa-

bLkh rjg Lks jkT; ,oa Áns'k dh LkaLknksa }kjk Òh vius&vius dkuwu cuk, tkrs gSa-

dkuwuksa dk dk;kZUo;u dSLks fd;k tkrk gS\U;k;ky;vkWLVªsfy;k esa dkuwuksa dh O;k[;k djus v©j mUgsa O;kogkfjd :i nsus dh ftEenkjh U;k;ky;ksa dh gksrh gS- os Lkjdkj Lks Lora= g¨rs gSa- U;k;ky; ;g r; djrs gaS fd fdLkh O;fä us dkuwu dh vogsyuk dh gS ;k ugÈ v©j U;k;ky; gh naM fu/kkZfjr djrs gSa- gj O;fä d¨ bl ckr dk vf/kdkj gS fd U;k;ky; esa fdLkh odhy d¨ og viuk Áfrfuf/k cuk Lkds- U;k;ky; vius QSLkys ÁLrqr fd, x, Áek.kksa ds vk/kkj ij gh ys Lkdrs gSa-

tt ,oa eftLVªsVtt vFkok eftLVªsV U;k;ky; ds Lko¨ZPp vf/kdkjh g¨rs gSa- tt v©j eftLVªsV Lora= g¨rs gSa v©j d¨bZ Òh muds QSLkyksa d¨ ÁÒkfor ugÈ dj Lkdrk gS-

tt ,oa eftLVªsV Lkjdkj }kjk fu;qä fd, tkrs gSa] fdUrq ;fn Lkjdkj muds fu.kZ;ksa Lks Lkger u g¨ r¨ og mudks inP;qr ugÈ dj Lkdrh gS-

dkuwu dSLks cuk, tkrs gSa\vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa mudk Áfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, O;fä;ksa dk pquko djrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn jk"Vª ds dY;k.k ds fy, dkuwuksa dh jpuk rFkk muesa ifjorZu djrh gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k dk mPp U;k;ky;


xSj&dkuwuh eknd inkFkZ dks vius ikl j[kuk ;k bldk mi;¨x djuk rFkk /k¨[kk/kM+h-

vU; ns'kksa dh rjg vkWLVªsfy;k esa Òh fdLkh O;fä ds Áfr ÇgLkk cjruk xSj&dkuwuh ,oa xaÒhj vijk/k gS- bLkds varxZr ?kj ;k fookg Lks LkEcaf/kr ÇgLkk Òh 'kkfey gSa] ftls ?kjsyw ;k ikfjokfjd ÇgLkk dgrs gSa- ?kjsyw ÇgLkk ds varxZr 'kkjhfjd] ;©u ;k euöSKkfud 'k¨"k.k vFkok gkfu igqapkuk] tcnZLrh ;kSu&LkEca/k LFkkfir djuk] cyiwoZd fcyxu djuk vFkok vkfFkZd voyEcu ls oafpr j[kuk bR;kfn ckrsa vkrh gSa-

pkdw ;k cUnwd tSLks gfFk;kj ysdj pyuk vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwu ds f[kykQ gS- ;fn d¨bZ O;fä cUnwd j[kuk pkgs & tSLks fd vius QkeZ ij Á;¨x djus ds fy, & r¨ mLks igys iqfyLk Lks gfFk;kj ykbLksaLk ÁkIr djuk pkfg,-

;krk;kr LkEca/kh vijk/kjkT; ,oa Áknsf'kd Lkjdkjsa LkM+d ,oa ;krk;kr dk fu;a=.k dkrj gSa- ;krk;kr fu;eksa dk mYya?ku djus ij y¨xksa d¨ Òkjh tqekZuk pqdkuk iM+ Lkdrk gS ;k mUgsa tsy Òh g¨ Lkdrh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k esa dkj pykus ds fy, vkids ikLk LFkkuh; Mªkboj ykbLksaLk gük pkfg, v©j dkj iathd`r güh pkfg,-

dkj esa ;k=k djus okys gjsd O;fä ds fy, LkhVcsYV iguuk t:jh gS- cPpksa d¨ vuqeksfnr csch dkj LkhV esa gük pkfg,- rst j¶rkj Lks ;k 'kjkc ;k Mªx ds u'ks esa okgu pykus Lks LkEcaf/kr ;krk;kr fu;e cgqr gh Lk[r gSa- okgu pykrs Lke; gSaM&gsYM e¨ckby Qü ij ckrsa djuk Òh dkuwu ds f[kykQ gS-

Lkkjka'kgekjh y¨drkaf=d LkaLFkkvksa us feydj ,d 'kkafriw.kZ v©j LFkk;h Lkekt dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS- gekjs ikLk nwLkjksa d¨ nsus ds fy, ,d vuwBh v©j Lke`) LkaLÑfr gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d ukxfjd ds :i esa vki Òh gekjh jk"Vªh; x©jo&xkFkk dk ,d fgLLkk cusaxs v©j gekjs Òfo";&fuekZ.k esa viuk ;¨xnku nsaxs- vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkidk Lokxr gS- ukxfjdrk gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k gS-

ukxfjdrk ijh{kk dh rS;kjh djus ds fy, ist 34-35 ij fn, x, vH;kLk Á'uksa dks gy djsa-

T+;wjh ¼iap½dqN ekeyksa esa bl ckr dk QSLkyk djus ds fy, fd fdLkh O;fä us dkuwu dh vogsyuk dh gS vFkok ugÈ] U;k;ky; T+;wjh ¼iap½ dh Lksok,a ys Lkdrk gS-

T;wjh Lkk/kkj.k y¨xksa dk og ny g¨rk gS ftUgsa LkoZLkkekU; y¨xksa ds chp Lks ;kn`PNd ¼jSaMe½ rjhds Lks pquk tkrk gS- tt mLk T;wjh d¨ dkuwu ds ckjs esa Lke>k nsrk gS- vkijkf/kd eqdneksa esa ;fn T;wjh fdLkh O;fä d¨ n¨"kh ekurh gS] r¨ naM dk fu.kZ; tt }kjk fy;k tkrk gS-

dkuwu ds varxZr tcrd fdLkh O;fä d¨ U;k;ky; }kjk n¨"kh u Bgjk fn;k tk,] rcrd vkWLVªsfy;k esa ,sls ÁR;sd O;fDr d¨ fun¨Z"k ekuk tkrk gS-

iqfyLkiqfyLk dk dke Lkeqnk; esa 'kkafr&O;oLFkk cuk, j[kuk gS- y¨xksa dh tku&eky dh lqj{kk djuk mudk drZO; gS- os Lkjdkj Lks Lora= g¨rs gSa- ;fn iqfyLk d¨ ,slk yxs gS fd fdLkh us dkuwu dh vogsyuk dh gS] r¨ og mLks fgjkLkr esa ysdj U;k;ky; ds Lke{k is'k dj Lkdrh gS- iqfyLk U;k;ky; esa vius Lkcwr is'k dj Lkdrh gS] fdUrq O;fä n¨"kh gS ;k fun¨Z"k ;g QSLkyk vnkyr gh djsxh-

jkT;ksa ,oa u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh ¼mŸkjh Áns'k½ ds ikLk vius iqfyLk cy gSa- os jkT; v©j Áns'k ds dkuwu ds nk;js esa vijk/kksa ij dk;Zokgh djrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa ,d jk"Vªh; iqfyLk cy Òh gS & vkWLVªsfy;u QsMjy iqfyLk- vkWLVªsfy;u QsMjy iqfyLk Lka?kh; dkuwuksa ds f[kykQ fd, x, vijk/kksa dh Nkuchu djrh gS- mnkgj.k ds fy,] u'khyh nokvksa dh rLdjh] jk"Vªh; Lkqj{kk ,oa i;kZoj.k ds fo:) fd, x, vijk/k- vkWLVªsfy;u QsMjy iqfyLk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jkt/kkuh {ks= esa LkkekU; iqfyLk dk;¨± ds fy, Òh ftEesnkj gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa iqfyLk v©j Lkeqnk; ds chp cgqr vPNk LkEca/k gS- vki LFkkuh; iqfyLk d¨ vijk/kksa dh Lkwpuk ns Lkdrs gSa v©j muLks Lkgk;rk ekax Lkdrs gSa-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds dkuwuksa Lks Lkqifjfpr gük vkids fy, egRoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd dkuwu ls voxr u gksuk dkuwu r¨M+us dk cgkuk ugÈ ekuk tk Lkdrk gS-

fdLkh iqfyLk vf/kdkjh d¨ fj'or nsuk ,d xaÒhj vijk/k gS- fdLkh iqfyLk vf/kdkjh d¨ fj'or dh is'kd'k djuk Òh vijk/k gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k esa vijk/kdqN vR;ar xaÒhj fdLe ds vijk/kksa esa 'kkfey gSa % gR;k] geyk] ;©u vkØe.k] tku&eky ds Áfr ÇgLkk] Lk'kL= MdSrh ;k p¨jh] Lkgefr dh dkuwuh mez Lks de mez ds cPpksa ;k fd'k¨jksa Lks ;©u&LkEca/k] [krjukd rjhds Lks xkM+h pykuk]


ijh{k.kh; [kaM dh 'kCnkoyhvkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨d LksokLkjdkjh foÒkx ,oa muds }kjk fu;qä y¨xi‚y d¨ LksaVjÇyd ds ,d vf/kdkjh ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨d Lksok esa u©djh fey xbZ-

ukxfjd vkan¨yuÒkjh Lka[;k esa y¨xksa }kjk Án'kZu ,oa naxs & Ák;% fdLkh Lkjdkjh fu.kZ; ;k uhfr ds foj¨/k esatc Lkjdkj us vy¨dfÁ; dkuwu ikfjr fd,] r¨ ukxfjd vkan¨yu g¨ x;k-

xBca/kun¨ ;k n¨ Lks vf/kd jktuhfrd nyksa dk rkyesy & Ák;% Lkjdkj ;k foi{k ds fuekZ.k ds fy,pquko ds ckn y¨dLkÒk esa fdLkh Òh ny d¨ cgqer ugÈ feyk] vr% Lkeku fopkj okyh n¨ ikfVZ;ksa us viuk xBca/ku cuk fy;k-

vk;¨xLkjdkjh mŸkjnkf;Ro okys y¨xksa dk nypquko dk vk;¨tu ,d Lora= vk;¨x }kjk fd;k tkrk gS-

LkaoS/kkfud jktra=,sLkk ns'k tgka dk jk"Vªk/;{k jktk ;k jkuh g¨rh gS] fdUrq mudh 'kfä Lkafo/kku }kjk Lkhfer g¨rh gS- gekjk lafo/kku ;wukbVsM fdaxMe ds jktk ;k jkuh dks gekjs jk"Vª çeq[k ds :i esa ekurs gq,] vkWWLVªsfy;k ds jk"VªeaMy dks ,d laoS/kkfud jkt'kkgh ds :i esa LFkkfir djrk gS-

U;k;ky; og txg tgka fdLkh tt ;k eftLVªsV }kjk dkuwuh eqdneksa dh LkquokbZ dh tkrh gS-dkuwu r¨M+us ij y¨xksa d¨ U;k;ky; tkuk iM+ Lkdrk gS-

vkijkf/kd eqdnekfdLkh dfFkr vijk/k ds LkEca/k esa vnkyrh LkquokbZ] ftLkLks ;g QSLkyk fd;k tk Lkds fd d¨bZ O;fä n¨"kh gS ;k fun¨Z"k-vkijkf/kd eqdnes ds ckn cSad yqVsjs d¨ tsy Òst fn;k x;k-

y¨dra=y¨xksa }kjk pqus gq, Áfrfuf/k;ksa ds ek/;e Lks 'kkLkuxzsLk d¨ ,d y¨drkaf=d ns'k esa jgrs gq, [kq'kh g¨ jgh Fkh] tgka og LkaLkn esa viuk Áfrfuf/k pquus ds fy, er ns Lkdrh Fkh-

u'khyh nokvksa dh rLdjhxSj&dkuwuh <ax Lks foØ; ds fy, u'khyh nok,a [kjhnuk ;k vius ikl j[kuku'khyh nokvksa dh rLdjh ds dkj.k tsLk d¨ tsy Òst fn;k x;k-

vkfFkZd oapu?kjsyw ÇgLkk dk ,d Ádkj] ftLkesa fdlh laca/k esa jgus okyk,d lgthoh ml laca/k ds nwljs yksx d¨ /ku ÁkIr djus ;k mLkdk Lkkj&LkaÒky djus Lks oafpr dj nsrk@nsrh gS-fyu d¨ vkfFkZd oapu dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k] D;ksafd mLkds ifr us mLks /ku nsuk can dj fn;k-

Pkqukoog dk;Z ftLkds ek/;e Lks ukxfjd LkaLkn ds fy, viuk Áfrfuf/k pqurs gSa-18 Lkky ;k mLkLks vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa d¨ pquko esa er vo'; Mkyuk pkfg,-

ijh{k.kh; [kaM dh 'kCnkoyh 31

fuokZpu LkwphfdLkh pquko ;k jsQjsaMe esa er ns Lkdus ;¨X; y¨xksa dh Lkwphtc tSu ernku dsUæ ij igqaph r¨ vf/kdkjh us fuokZpu Lkwph esa mLkds uke dh [kkst dh-

dkuwu ykxw djuk;g Lkqfuf'pr djuk fd y¨x dkuwu dk ikyu djsaiqfyLk dkuwu ykxw djrh v©j 'kkafr cgky djrh gS-

dk;Zikfydk dh 'kfädkuwuksa dk dk;kZUo;u djus dk vf/kdkj- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku ds varxZr rhu 'kfä;ksa esa Lks ,dvkWLVªsfy;k Lkjdkj ds eaf=;ksa ,oa xouZj&tujy ds ikLk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLkn }kjk fufeZr dkuwuksa ds Lkapkyu dh dk;Zikfydk 'kfä gS-

ifjLka?kmifuos'kksa ¼d‚y¨fu;ksa½ d¨ dfri; vf/kdkj nsrs gq, ,d jk"Vª ds :i esa bu mifuos'kksa dk foy;1901 esa LkÒh mifuos'k ,d ifjLka?k esa ,dhd`r dj fn, x,] ftLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy dgk x;k-

QLVZ ¶yhV ¼igyk csM+k½os X;kjg tgkt ftu ij 1788 esa fczVsu Lks pydj dSIVu vkFkZj fQfyi [Captain Arthur Phillip] U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa vkj¨fir vijkf/k;ksa dh cLrh cLkkus vk, vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk d¨ ge 26 tuojh 1788 esa fLkMuh dkso ij igys csM+k ¼QLVZ ¶yhV½ ds igqapus dh ?kVuk ;kn djrs gSa-

iq"i&Árhdjk"Vªh; iq"ivkWLVªsfy;k dk iq"i&Árhd gS Lkqugjk oSVy-

cyiwoZd foyxu?kjsyw ÇgLkk dk ,d Ádkj] ftLkeas fdlh laca/k esa jgus okyk ml laca/k ds nwljs lgthoh ij bl ckr ds fy, fu;a=.k djus yxrk@yxrh gS fd og fdLk Lks feyrk@feyrh ;k ckrsa djrk@djrh gS] ;k og D;k i<+rk@i<+rh vFkok dgka tkrk@tkrh gS-LkSaMh dks cyiwoZd foyfxr dj fn;k x;k Fkk D;ksafd mLkdk ifr mLks fe=ksa ;k fj'rsnkjksa Lks ugÈ feyus nsrk Fkk-

vÒh LksvÒh Lks v©j Òfo"; esaukxfjdrk Lkekj¨g esa vki vÒh Lks v©j Òfo"; esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds Áfr fu"Bkoku cus jgus dh ÁfrKk djrs gSa-

Árhd&fpg~ud¨bZ Lkqifjfpr NfovkWisjk gkmLk fLkMuh dk ÁfLk) Árhd&fpg~u gS-

tutkrh; y¨xÒwÒkx ds ewy fuokLkh Lkeqnk; & vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh y¨xvkWLVªsfy;k dh tuLka[;k ds 2.5 Áfr'kr y¨x bLkds tutkrh; y¨x gSa-

twMkbZ&fØf'p;u;gwnh ,oa bZLkkbZ n¨uksa /ke¨± Lks LkEcaf/krtwMkbZ&fØf'p;u ewY; ckbfcy ds ikBksa ij vk/kkfjr gSa-


U;k;ikfydk dh 'kfädkuwuksa dh O;k[;k djus v©j mUgsa Á;¨x esa ykus dh 'kfä v©j vf/kdkj & vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku ds varxZr rhu 'kfä;ksa esa Lks ,dvkWLVªsfy;k esa dkuwu dh O;k[;k djus v©j mUgsa O;ogkfjd :i nsus dk U;kf;d vf/kdkj U;k;ky;ksa d¨ ÁkIr gS-

fo/kkf;dk dh 'kfädkuwu cukus v©j muesa ifjorZu djus dh 'kfä v©j vf/kdkj & vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku ds varxZr rhu 'kfä;ksa esa Lks ,dLkafo/kku ds varxZr] fo/kkf;dk dh 'kfä vFkkZr dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä LkaLkn esa fufgr gS-

Lok/khurk,a ¼Lok/khurk@Lora=rk½O;fäxr vktknh ,oa Lo&fuÒZjrkgekjs y¨drkaf=d Lkekt esa y¨xksa d¨ c¨yus dh vktknh] vfÒO;fä dh Lora=rk] /keZ pquus v©j Lka?k cukus dh Lora=rk ÁkIr gS- ge bu Lora=rkvksa d¨ ewY;oku Lke>rs gSa-

eftLVªsVvoj U;k;ky; dk tt ¼usrk½eftLVªsV us yqVsjs d¨ n¨"kh ik;k v©j mLks tsy Òst fn;k-

cU/kqrk[kkLk&r©j ij dfBu fLFkfr;ksa esa nwLkjksa d¨ enn nsuk v©j muLks enn ikuktc esjh dkj [kjkc g¨ xbZ r¨ cU/kqRkk dh psruk ds LkkFk vU; Mªkbojksa us mLks /kdsyus esa enn nh-

jk"Vªxkujk"VªxhrvkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªxku gS ^,sMokaLk vkWLVªsfy;k Qs;j*-

LkaLknh; y¨dra=ukxfjdksa }kjk LkaLkn esa fu;fer :i Lks vius Áfrfuf/k pquus ij vk/kkfjr Lkjdkj&Á.kkyhLkaLknh; y¨dra= esa] y¨x vius Áfrfuf/k;ksa d¨ er nsrs gSa-

LFkk;h fuoklh,d O;fä ftlds ikl fcuk fdlh le; lhek ds vkWWLVªsfy;k esa jgus vkSj dke djus ds fy, oht+k gSvCnqy dk tkikuh iM+kslh vkWWLVªsfy;k dk LFkk;h fuoklh gS vkSj ,d cSad esa dk;Z djrk gS-

jktuhfrd ny,sLks y¨xksa dk lewg t¨ ns'k ij 'kkLku pykus ds ckjs esa Lkeku fopkj/kkjk j[krs gSafdLkh Òh jktuhfrd ny ds LknL; fu;fer :i Lks cSBdsa djrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] y¨d ifjogu ds {ks= esa Lkq/kkj ykus ds fy,-

y¨d Lksokjk"Vª ds Òys ds fy, Lke;] 'kfä v©j dq'kyrk dk mi;¨x'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k esa cLkkus ds dk;Z esa enn nsdj t¨Lk us ,d ewY;oku y¨d Lksok dh-

jsQjsaMevkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku esa ÁLrkfor ifjorZu ds ckjs esa LkÒh ernkrkvksa }kjk fn, x, er1967 ds jsQjsaMe esa y¨xksa us tux.kuk esa tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dh fxurh djus ds i{k esa er fn;k-

33

Áfrfuf/kog O;fä t¨ nwLkjksa ds cnys dFku nsrk gS ;k dk;Z djrk gSLFkkuh; dkSafLky ds esjs Áfrfuf/k us esjs fopkj d¨ iLkUn fd;k v©j mLks dkSafLky dh cSBd esa izLrqr fd;k-

Lkeh{kku, fo/kku ¼dkuwu½ ds fy, fdLkh ÁLrko ij bl ckr ds fy, fopkj djuk fd mLks Lohdkjk tk, ;k [kkfjt dj fn;k tk,-Lkeh{kk Lknu ds :i esa LkhusV us fupys Lknu Lks ÁkIr ,d dj fu/kkZj.k fcy ij ppkZ dh-

xqIr ernkuog ernku Á.kkyh ftLkesa y¨x xqIr :i Lks er nsrs gSa] ftLkLks fd d¨bZ Òh mUgsa fdLkh [kkLk rjhds Lks er nsus ds fy, ÁÒkfor ;k ck/; u dj Lkds-xqIr ernku esa vkids }kjk er fn, tkrs Lke; d¨bZ Òh mLks ns[k ugÈ ikrk gS-

/keZ&fujis{k/keZ Lks eqä/keZ&fujis{k Lkekt esa d¨bZ Òh jktdh; /keZ ugÈ g¨rk gS-

LkaLFkkiufuekZ.k] LFkkiuk] vkjaÒxouZj fQfyi us U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa igyh d‚y¨uh dh laLFkkiuk dh-'kk;jd¨bZ LFkkuh; Á'kkLku {ks=esjs 'kk;j esa LkM+dsa cgqr Lkqjf{kr gSa-

Lkkekftd Lkqj{kkcsj¨txkj] fodykaxrk xzLr] o;¨o`) ,oa t:jrean y¨xksa dh Lkgk;rk ds fy, Lkjdkjh isU'ku ;k ykÒtc VªSax dh u©djh pyh xbZ] r¨ mLks Lkkekftd Lkqj{kk ds fy, vkosnu djuk iM+k-

viuh fdLer vktekukvoLkj d¨ vktekukeSa gj Lkky viuh fdLer vktekrk gw¡a v©j esyc‚uZ di esa ,d ?k¨M+s ij $10 dk nkao yxkrk gw¡a-

Lo;aLksodog O;fä t¨ fdLkh Òqxrku ;k Áfrnku dh vk'kk ds fcuk fdLkh O;fä ;k LkaLFkk d¨ viuk Lke; nsrk gS-jt+k ,d Lo;aLksod gS t¨ y¨xksa ds ?kj tkdj mUgsa vaxzsth fLk[kkrk gS-

ijh{k.kh; [kaM dh 'kCnkoyh

1. ,sut+Sd Ms ds fnu ge fdLk ckr dk Lej.k djrs gSa\

a. xSfyiÿh rqdhZ esa vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa U;wt+hySaM ds LkSU; nyksa dk mrjuk

b. xzsV fczVsu Lks ÁFke Lora= vkcknh dk vkxeu

c. fLkMuh dkso ij QLVZ ¶yhV ¼igyk csM+k½ dk vkuk

2. vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkfnokLkh /ot esa d©u&d©u Lks jax gSa\

a. dkyk] yky v©j ihyk

b. gjk] LkQsn v©j dkyk

c. uhyk] LkQsn v©j gjk

3. vkWLVªsfy;k dk d©u&Lkk jktdh; fpg~u d‚euosYFk dh LkEifŸk d¨ n'kkZrk gS\

a. jk"Vªxku

b. vkWLVªsfy;k dk jk"Vªh; iq"i

c. d‚euosYFk jktfpg~u

vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨x

vkWLVªsfy;k dh y¨drkaf=d ekU;rk,a] vf/kdkj v©j Lora=rk,a

4. vkWLVªsfy;k dh 'kkLku&Á.kkyh ds ckjs esa buesa Lks d©u&Lkk dFku Lkgh gS\

a. vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn ds xBu ds fy, LknL;ksa dk p;u vkWLVªsfy;k dh egkjkuh }kjk fd;k tkrk gS

b. Lkjdkj turk }kjk pquh tkrh gS

c. gekjs LkaLkn&LknL;ksa dk pquko Á/kkuea=h }kjk fd;k tkrk gS

5. buesa Lks d©u dFku dh Lora=rk dk ,d mnkgj.k gS\

a. yksx fdlh Hkh ljdkjh fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ 'kkafriwoZd fojks/k dj ldrs gSa-

b. U;k;ky; esa L=h&iq#"k nüksa ds LkkFk Lkeku O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gS

c. vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x bLk ckr ds fy, Lora= gSa fd

;fn os pkgsa r¨ fdLkh Òh /keZ dk vuqLkj.k u djsa

6. vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkjdkj ds ckjs esa buesa Lks d©u&Lkk dFku Lkgh gS\

a. Lkjdkj dqN /ke¨± dk vuqLkj.k djus Lks j¨drh gS

b. vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj /keZ&fujis{k gS

c. /kkfeZd fu;e LkaLkn }kjk ikfjr fd, tkrs gSa

7. buesa Lks d©u vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkekurk dk mnkgj.k gS\

a. gj d¨bZ ,d gh /keZ d¨ ekurk gS

b. L=h&iq#"k nüksa d¨ Lkeku vf/kdkj ÁkIr gSa

c. gj d¨bZ ,d gh jktuhfrd ny Lks LkEca/k j[krk gS

8. buesa Lks d©u&Lkk ,d nkf;Ro 18 o"kZ ;k vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa ij ykxw g¨rk gS\

a. y¨dy dkSafLky dh cSBdksa esa Òkx ysuk

b. pqukoksa esa er Mkyuk

c. v|ru vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ikLki¨VZ vius ikl j[kuk

9. buesa Lks d©u&Lkk ,d nkf;Ro 18 o"kZ ;k vf/kd mez ds vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa ij ykxw g¨rk gS\

a. LFkkuh; Lkeqnk; dh Lksok djuk

b. gj Lke; viuk ikLki¨VZ ysdj pyuk

c. vkxzg fd, tkus ij T;wjh ¼iap½ ds :i esa Lksok nsuk

vH;kLk Á'ukoyh

10. ikLki¨VZ ds ckjs esa buesa Lks d©u&Lkk dFku Lkgh gS\

a. vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ikLki¨VZ ds fy, vkosnu ns Lkdrs gSa

b. LFkk;h fuokLkh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ikLki¨VZ j[k Lkdrs gSa

c. vkWLVªsfy;k okiLk y©Vus ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjdksa d¨ ikLki¨VZ v©j oht+k dh t:jr g¨rh gS

vH;kLk Á'ukoyh 35

16. buesa Lks xouZj&tujy dh ,d Òwfedk d©u&Lkh gS\

a. jkT; ds Áhfe;jksa dh fu;qfä

b. vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn }kjk ikfjr fcyksa ¼fo/ks;dksa½ ij gLrk{kj djuk

c. jk"Vªk/;{k dh fu;qfä

17. jkT; Lkjdkjksa ds ckjs esa buesa Lks d©u&Lkk dFku Lkgh gS\

a. LkÒh jkT;ksa dk ,d tSLkk Lkafo/kku gS

b. gj jkT; dk viuk vyx&vyx Lkafo/kku gS

c. jkT;ksa dk viuk d¨bZ Lkafo/kku ugÈ gS

18. laln esa nwLkjs LFkku ij lcls vf/kd lnL;ksa okys jktuhfrd ny ;k muds xBca/ku d¨ d©u&Lkk uke fn;k tkrk gS\

a. Lkjdkj

b. foi{k

c. LkhusV

19. LkaLkn esa d¨bZ dkuwu cukus ds fy, is'k fd, x, ÁLrko d¨ D;k dgk tkrk gS\

a. jkt Lkgefr

b. fcy ¼fo/ks;d½

c. fopkj&foe'kZ

20. vkWLVªsfy;k esa 'kkafr v©j LkqO;oLFkk dk;e j[kus dk dke fdLkds }kjk fd;k tkrk gS\

a. y¨dLksod

b. iqfyLk

c. odhy

11. vkWLVªsfy;k ds pqukoksa esa er nsus ds LkEca/k esa buesa Lks d©u&Lkk dFku Lkgh gS\

a. y¨x fdLkh Òh mEehnokj ds i{k esa er Mkyus ds fy, Lora= v©j Lkqjf{kr gSa

b. er gkFk mBkdj fn;k tkrk gS

c. y¨xksa d¨ vius er ds Åij viuk uke fy[kuk g¨rk gS

12. vkWLVªsfy;k esa 1 tuojh 1901 ds fnu D;k gqvk Fkk\

a. ,d jsQjsaMe }kjk vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lkafo/kku cny Mkyk x;k Fkk

b. vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lkafo/kku ÁÒkoh gqvk

c. vkWLVªsfy;k v©j U;wt+hySaM dh LkSU; lsukvksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZ

13. mLk dkuwuh nLrkost dk D;k uke gS ftLkesa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj ds fy, fu;eksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS\

a. vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ifjLka?k

b. vkWLVªsfy;kbZ d‚euosYFk

c. vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku

14. jsQjsaMe fdLks dgrs gSa\

a. Lkjdkj cnyus ds fy, fn;k x;k er

b. vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lkafo/kku cnyus ds fy;k fn;k x;k er

c. Á/kkuea=h d¨ cnyus ds fy, fn;k x;k er

15. Lkjdkj ds fdLk vax d¨ dkuwuksa dh O;k[;k djus v©j mUgsa Á;qä djus dk vf/kdkj gS\

a. fo/kkf;dk

b. dk;Zikfydk

c. U;k;ikfydk

vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkjdkj v©j dkuwu

vH;kLk Á'ukoyh 35

1a, 2a, 3c, 4b, 5a, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9c, 10a, 11a, 12b, 13c, 14b, 15c, 16b, 17b, 18b, 19b, 20bmÙkj %

ijh{k.kh; [kaM LkekIr

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