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Aung San Suu Kyi 

 Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Rangoon (now named Yangon). Her father,  Aung San,founded the modern Burmese army and negotiated Burma's independene from the British !mpire in"#$%& he was assassinated by his rias in the same year. She grew up with her mother, Khin Kyi , andtwo brothers, Aung San in and Aung San *o ,  in Rangoon. Aung San in died at age eight, when hedrowned in an ornamenta a+e on the grounds of the house. Her eder brother emigrated to San iego,-aifornia, beoming a nited States iti/en. After Aung San in's death, the famiy moed to a houseby 0nya a+e where Suu Kyi met peope of ery different ba+grounds, poitia iews and reigions. Shewas eduated in  1ethodist !ngish High Shoo (now Basi !duation High Shoo 2o. " agon) for muh of her hidhood in Burma, where she was noted as haing a taent for earning anguages. She isa 3heraada Buddhist. Suu Kyi's mother, Khin Kyi, gained prominene as a poitia figure in the newyformed Burmese goernment. She was appointed Burmese ambassador to  0ndia and 2epa in "#45,and Aung San Suu Kyi foowed her there, she studied in the -onent of 6esus and 1ary Shoo, 2ewehi and graduated from ady Shri Ram -oege in 2ew ehi with a degree in poitis in "#4$. SuuKyi ontinued her eduation at St Hugh's -oege, *7ford,  obtaining a B.A. degree in  8hiosophy,8oitis and !onomis in "#4#. After graduating, she ied in 2ew Yor+ -ity with a famiy friend andwor+ed at the 2 for three years, primariy on budget matters, writing daiy to her future husband, r.1ihae Aris.  0n "#%9, Aung San Suu Kyi married Aris, a shoar of 3ibetan uture, iing abroad inBhutan. 3he foowing year she gae birth to their first son, Ae7ander Aris, in ondon& their seond son,Kim, was born in "#%%. Subse:uenty, she earned a 8h at the Shoo of *rienta and Afrian Studies,niersity of ondon in "#;<. She was eeted as an Honorary =eow in "##5. >94? =or two years shewas a =eow at the 0ndian 0nstitute of Adaned Studies (00AS) in Shima, 0ndia. She aso wor+ed for thegoernment of the nion of Burma. 

0n "#;; Suu Kyi returned to Burma, at first to tend for her aiing mother but ater to ead the pro@demoray moement. Aris' isit in -hristmas "##< turned out to be the ast time that he and Suu Kyimet, as Suu Kyi remained in Burma and the Burmese ditatorship denied him any further entry isas. Aris was diagnosed with prostate aner in "##% whih was ater found to be termina. espite appeasfrom prominent figures and organi/ations, inuding the nited States, 2 Seretary enera Kofi Annan and 8ope 6ohn 8au 00 , the Burmese goernment woud not grant Aris a isa, saying that theydid not hae the faiities to are for him, and instead urged Aung San Suu Kyi to eae the ountry toisit him. She was at that time temporariy free from house arrest but was unwiing to depart, fearingthat she woud be refused re@entry if she eft, as she did not trust the miitary unta 's assurane that sheoud return.

 Aris died on his <Crd birthday on 9% 1arh "###. Sine "#;#, when his wife was first paed under house arrest, he had seen her ony fie times, the ast of whih was for -hristmas in "##<. She wasaso separated from her hidren, who ie in the nited Kingdom, but starting in 95"", they hae isitedher in Burma.

*n 9 1ay 955;, after  -yone 2argis hit Burma, Suu Kyi ost the roof of her house and ied inirtua dar+ness after osing eetriity in her diapidated a+eside residene. She used andes at nightas she was not proided any generator set. 8ans to renoate and repair the house were announed in August 955#. Suu Kyi was reeased from house arrest on "C 2oember 95"5.

 A short essay on life of Aung San Suu Kyi www.meritnation.com/discuss/question/2463138 !ndia

 THE LITERATURE OF MYANMAR

 3he iterature of 1yanmar, formery Burma, has a ong history. 3he "aya#edi   insription (A..

"""C) is the eariest e7tant speimen of Burmese iterature. 0t narrates the dediation of the odenBuddha by a prine and the gift of sae@iages to the image, ending with a prayer for the donor andhis friends. *er a thousand suh dediatory insriptions were set up in the ne7t %55 years, ontainingeo:uent poems and prayers of poeti merit.

0n the fifteenth entury up to the nineteenth entury, pam@eaf (srathed with a styus) and foded@paper iterature beame ommon. Suh wor+s were fied with Buddhist piety and ourty refinement of anguage. 3he authors were mon+s, eduated ourtiers, and ourt poetesses. 8rose wor+s during thisperiod were few, mosty Buddhist sriptures and hronies of +ings. 8oetry was ariedD there were

historia baads, panegyri odes, the  $yo  (Buddhist story in erse), and the yadu  (poems of oe or nature). 3he writers aso used the Emi7ed styeF or prose and poetry together. !7ampes of this are the%agan, a serio@omi epi, and the "yil&a#a, a etter of an abbot to the +ing.

1odern fition began with the noe. An e7ampe is &et'ongyn, a assia noe.Gith the founding of the niersity of Rangoon in "#95 ame an inrease in output of Burmese

iterature. =oreign iterature, espeiay !ngish wor+s, was transpanted. Gith independene in "#$;,Burmese has graduay repaed !ngish as the medium of instrution, and iterature has beomenationaisti.

ON THE THREE EVILS Humanity has been ed astray by three eis greed, hatred and ignorane. Ghether we are

Buddhists, Hindus, 1usims, -hristians, Animists, or Atheists, we annot esape the three ineitabesDod age, disease, and death. 2obody an deny that the fie sense obets pretty sight, deightfusound, fragrant sme, saory taste, and nie touh are ony feeting phenomena. 3hey are neither asting nor permanent.

2or an anybody deny that property is transitoryD no one an arry away his property after death.1en hae been hasing these transitory peasures with a dogged tenaity mainy beause they hodfase iews regarding property. 3hey forget that this ife is not een one miionth part of the whirpoo of Samsara (the yes of rebirth), and go on amassing weath een though it neer brings them fusatisfation.

3his insatiabe greed for weath resuts in the profit motie whih is not direted toward anyutiitarian purpose. *ne upon a time a ommodities were ommon property, and eerybody had aright to use them for his own benefit. But with the adent of the profit motie these ommoditiesbeame obets of e7poitation. 3hey beame instruments of weath and stimuus for greed. 3his ed tothe foowing phenomenaD

". Human soiety was spit into two assesD Haes and Hae@nots.9. 3he Hae@nots had to depend on the Haes for their iing, and thus the ei system of 

e7poitation of one ass by another emerged.C. Gith ass e7poitation, the poor beame poorer beause they oud not get ade:uate returns

for their wor+. 3hey had to resort to ei ways i+e steaing, ooting, and prostitution.$. 3he ord Buddha has taught us that there are four auses of deathD +amma, frame of mind,

weather, and food. nder the system of ass e7poitation, how an the Hae@nots enoy goodfood and protet themsees from e7tremes of weatherI -an there be any sense of happinessor ontentment for themI -an een a good +amma faor one who is heeressI 3hus one whois born into the ass of Hae@nots is handiapped in a the aboe four fators, and disease isthe ineitabe resut.

<. How an the Hae@nots are for eduation with their hard strugge for a bare iingI a+ of eduation breeds an eer@inreasing band of ignoramuses and 1r. Jeros.

4. How an a ountry abounding in ignoramuses and 1r. Jeros eer progressI 0t is eident that most of the eis in the word an be traed to the adent of the profit motie. o

you remember the egend of the 8adaythabin (the tree of fufiment) we heard as hidrenI Aording to the egend, there was one a time when men and women oud get whateer they

wanted from the 8adaythabin tree. 3here was no probem of food or othes or housing, and there wasno rime. isease was omparatiey un+nown. 0n ourse of time, howeer, the peope fe itim to

greed and spoied the tree of fufiment whih eentuay disappeared. 3hen a ass of peope whooud not afford to eat we, dress we, or ie we appeared, and rime beame rampant.

2ow 0 as+ you to thin+ of the 8adaythabin as the natura weath of our ountry, both aboe andunder the ground. 0f ony this natura weath is used for the ommon good of man+ind it wi beine7haustibe, besides satisfying the needs of eerybody. But greed omes in the way. 3he poorest of the poor wants to beome rih& the rih want to beome riher, and the proess goes on ad infinitum.Spurred on by greed, peope are apt to Ebotani/e on their mothers graes,F so to say, in order tobeome riher. 3hus the distribution of weath beomes une:ua. Ghie some an amass weath whihannot be spent in ten ies, others hae to waow in e7treme poerty with bare rags on their bodies. 

Propaganda

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L pubiy to promote somethingD information put out by an organi/ation or goernment topromote a poiy, idea, or ause

L miseading pubiityD deeptie or distorted information that is systematiay spread"icrosoft( )ncarta( 2**+. , 1++32**8 "icrosoft -or$oration. All rights resered.

 Basic Propaganda Sra!gi!s

". Band"agon @ persuading onsumers by teing them that others are doing the same thing.9. T!si#onia$ @ when a produt is sod by using words from famous peope or authority figures.

i.e. Burmese eebrities promoting brandsC. Trans%!r  @ when a produt is sod by the name or piture of a famous person or thing but no words

from the said person or thing$. R!p!iion  @ when the produts name is repeated at east four times in the ad<. E#oiona$ &ords @ words that wi ma+e a onsumer fee strongy about someone or something are

used.htt$//modernhumorist.com/mh/***4/$ro$aganda/m$3.cfm

0ie &y$es of 'ro$aganda sed in Adertising hs.rierdale.12.or.us/dthom$so/ehi5*3/tianaa/$ro$aganda.html  

Ad'!ci(!s and )o#p$!#!nsi*!* oug+,"+is-!r!d yan-s. +!a(y an-s. 'a"s as s#oo+ as guys

  Adeties

L add to the meaning of a noun or a pronounL an be arties i+e EaF EanF and EtheF, or show possession suh as your, his, my, their, our, or itsL te us more about the noun or pronoun, for instane that, what, those, or these, or be

interrogatie, what, where, or whyL some modify by omparing, riher, whoe or idea impossibeL others are indefinite and inude a, many, few, some, or seeraL aso, some gie physia desriptions i+e big, od or brownL others onsist of beautifu, Burmese and adertising

  Adetie -ompement

)$aus! or p+ras! +a adds o +! #!aning o% an ad'!ci(! or #odi%i!s i. ad'!ci(!co#p$!#!n a$"ays %o$$o"s +! ad'!ci(! i co#p$!#!ns and i is a noun c$aus! or apr!posiiona$ p+ras!

a. 2oun ause is simpy two or more words that at i+e a noun, it an be the subet of asentene, an obet of a erb or preposition, or they an ompement a subet or adetiei.e. what you see, that he is happy, and where the Burmese went

b. 8repositiona phrase starts with a preposition and modifies nouns and erbsi.e. E0t ame with the adF, E0 need a ride to 1yanmarF

 7hat !s an Adectie -om$lement9

grammar.yourdictionary.com : ... :  Adecties 

Su/'!c )o#p$!#!n

 Adeties and adetie phrases funtion as subet ompements. A subet ompement is aword, phrase, or ause that foows a in+ing erb and desribes the subet.

i.e. -hristmas oo+ies sme delicious. O/'!c )o#p$!#!n

 Adeties and adetie phrases funtion as obet ompements. An obet ompement is aword, phrase, or ause that direty foows and desribes the diret obet.

i.e. 6udeo@-hristians onsider 6erusaem holy . 

7hat ;o Adecties and Adectie 'hrases ;o in )nglish <rammar9www.5righthu5education.com : =omewor =el$ : )nglish =el$ 

E0a#p$!s o% Ad'!ci(! )o#p$!#!ns

 >oun -lause and 're$ositional 'hrase ". She was hesitant to te her parents.9. 3he boss was an7ious to promote saes.C. Are you afraid of spidersI$. Ge were sho+ed by the news.<. 0 was deighted that she was hosen.4. He is i+ey to be nominated.%. 3he hid was eager for -hristmas to arrie.;. 0 am urious what oor it is.#. 0t was wrong of her to go."5. 0 am happy they got married."". Ge are a afraid that the storm wi be seere.

7hat !s an Adectie -om$lement9grammar.yourdictionary.com : ... : Adecties Su5ect and ?5ect -om$lement ". 1y puppy is ery mishieous.9. 3he patient appears dehydrated and feerish.C. 3he appe pie you made tastes sour .$. 1y grandmother was rather forward thin+ing.<. 3he British are fond of fish and hips.4. 3he itte gir painted her bedroom bright pin+ .%. 3he preshooers are ooring the trees purpe and bue.;. 3he ury deared the defendant guity.#. Ge oted her entry most origina."5. Studying grammar ma+es me happy.

7hat ;o Adecties and Adectie 'hrases ;o in )nglish <rammar9www.5righthu5education.com : =omewor =el$ : )nglish =el$ 

T+! )ounry1s 2ood Son5y "inn >ew &hein

 in Aungs mother had a shop in the 1ingaadon mar+et, where she sod sippers. in Aung

heped his mother in the shop during his shoo hoidays. As the 1ingaadon mar+et was an armymar+et, sodiers oud be seen shopping there daiy. 0t was more rowded on Sundays. 1any sodiersoud be seen moing about busiy.

0t was Sunday, and in Aung was sitting in front of the shop& EYounger Brother, do you hae reaMSin@+ye 2o. #IF A young man, wearing trousers, entered and as+ed him. Nui+y in Aung too+ a pair of MSin+ye 2o. # sippers and showed them. EHow muh are these sippers, Young BrotherIF3wenty @one Kyats, !der Brother.F E-an 0 ta+e ony the right side sipper and pay you ten Kyats andfifty pyasIF

3he young mans :uestion made in Aungs eyes beome wide. 0f he sod ony the right side, how

oud he se the eft sideI And why did he want ony one sipperI EYou ant do that. 0f 0 se ony theright side, the one eft in the shop wi beome useess. EYes, but 0 want ony the right side. But wait, 0go and oo+ for a partner.F in Aung was eft behind, oo+ing at the ba+ of the young man, who wa+edaway, imping.

Soon, the young man ame ba+. He had another young man with him. 3he first young manas+ed ing Aung for the sippers, and gae the eft side sipper to the young man who had ome withhim. He ifted the eg of his trouser and put on the sipper. 3hen he nodded with satisfation.

*ny then did in Aung understand. 3hey were buying and sharing one pair of sippers. 3he firstyoung man had a fase eft eg, and seond young man had a fase right eg. So eerything was a rightbeause there was one who wanted ony the right side, and another who wanted ony the eft side.

in Aung was sorry to see the ondition of the two young men. 3hey were :uite young, and theyeah had a eg missing. Eont you fee sad that you hae ony one egIF in Aung as in:uisitie and

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as+ed them. EGhy shoud we be sadIF the first young man smied. EGe are sodiers who offered eenour own ies for our ountry. Ge are proud to ose a eg in proteting our ountry.F

Ghen in Aung heard the first young mans answer, he respeted them. 3hey were ery differentfrom the young drug addits about whom he had often read in the newspapers. 3hey were wastingtheir ies and +iing themsees.

3hese young men were the ountrys good sons who were proteting the ountry from itsenemies. 3heir aims and intentions were as different from those of the addits as east from west, northfrom south. Athough these young men had one eg missing, they sti wanted to sere their ountry.3he two young sodiers tod in Aung that they panned to wor+ in the disabed sodiers ooperatieshop.

E0 respet you and honor you. You good sons of the ountry are the ewes of our ountry. Ghen 0grow up, 0 wi try to be a good son of the ountry i+e you.F

3he two young sodiers smied to hear in Aungs words. EGe admire your intention. *ur ountrys future wi reay be bright if there were more young peope in our ountry with the same aimand intention as yours. A right, we wi go now.F

3he two young sodiers said goodbye to in Aung and went away. in Aung was fied with thedesire to beome a good son of the ountry.

@iterature in 0ocus !!  

Reading Arab LiteratureThe Arabian Nights

(Prologue) 

3he main frame story onerns a 8ersian +ing and his new bride. He is sho+ed to disoer that hisbrother's wife is unfaithfu& disoering his own wife's infideity has been een more fagrant, he has her e7eutedD but in his bitterness and grief deides that a women are the same. 3he +ing, Shahryar,begins to marry a suession of irgins ony to e7eute eah one the ne7t morning, before she has ahane to dishonor him. !entuay the i/ier, whose duty it is to proide them, annot find any more

irgins. Shehera/ade, the i/ier's daughter, offers hersef as the ne7t bride and her father reutantyagrees. *n the night of their marriage, Shehera/ade begins to te the +ing a tae, but does not end it.3he +ing, urious about how the story ends, is thus fored to postpone her e7eution in order to hear the onusion. 3he ne7t night, as soon as she finishes the tae, she begins (and ony begins) a newone, and the +ing, eager to hear the onusion, postpones her e7eution one again. So it goes on for ",55" nights.

Source htt$//en.wii$edia.org/wii/Ara5culture ALI BABA AN3 THE FORTY THIEVES 

 Ai Baba and his eder brother  -assim are the sons of a merhant. After the death of their father, thegreedy -assim marries a weathy woman and beomes we@to@do, buiding on their father's businessObut Ai Baba marries a poor woman and settes into the trade of a woodutter.

*ne day Ai Baba is at wor+ oeting and utting firewood in the forest, and he happens tooerhear a group of forty thiees isiting their treasure store. 3he treasure is in a ae, the mouth of whih is seaed by magi. 0t opens on the words Piftah ya simsimP (ommony written as P*pen

SesameP   in !ngish), and seas itsef on the words P-ose, SimsimP (P-ose SesameP). Ghenthe thiees are gone, Ai Baba enters the ae himsef, and ta+es some of the treasure home.

 Ai Baba and his wife borrow his sister@in@aw's saes to weigh this new weath of god oins.nbe+nownst to them, she puts a bob of wa7 in the saes to find out what Ai Baba is using them for,as she is urious to +now what +ind of grain her impoerished brother@in@aw needs to measure. 3o her sho+, she finds a god oin sti+ing to the saes and tes her husband, Ai Baba's rih and greedybrother, -assim. nder pressure from his brother, Ai Baba is fored to reea the seret of the ae.-assim goes to the ae and enters with the magi words, but in his greed and e7itement oer thetreasures, he forgets the magi words to get ba+ out again. 3he 3hiees find him there, and +i him.Ghen his brother does not ome ba+, Ai Baba goes to the ae to oo+ for him, and finds thebody, :uartered and with eah piee dispayed ust inside the entrane of the ae as a warning toanyone ese who might try to enter.

 Ai Baba brings the body home, where he entrusts 1orgiana,  a eer sae@gir in -assim'shousehod, with the tas+ of ma+ing others beiee that -assim has died a natura death. =irst, 1orgianapurhases mediines from an apotheary, teing him that -assim is graey i. 3hen, she finds an od3aior +nown as Baba 1ustafa whom she pays, bindfods, and eads to -assim's house. 3here,oernight, the 3aior stithes the piees of -assim's body ba+ together, so that no one wi besuspiious. Ai Baba and his famiy are abe to gie -assim a proper buria without anyone as+ingaw+ward :uestions.

3he 3hiees, finding the body gone, reai/e that yet another person must +now their seret, and setout to tra+ him down. *ne of the 3hiees goes down to the town and omes aross Baba 1ustafa,who mentions that he has ust sewn a dead man's body ba+ together. Reai/ing that the dead manmust hae been the 3hiees' itim, the 3hief as+s Baba 1ustafa to ead the way to the house wherethe deed was performed. 3he 3aior is bindfoded again, and in this state he is abe to retrae his stepsand find the house. 3he 3hief mar+s the door with a symbo. 3he pan is for the other thiees to omeba+ that night and +i eeryone in the house. Howeer, the 3hief has been seen by 1orgiana and she,oya to her master, fois his pan by mar+ing a the houses in the neighborhood with a simiar mar+ing.Ghen the forty 3hiees return that night, they annot identify the orret house and their eader in afurious rage, +is the unsuessfu 3hief. 3he ne7t day, another 3hief reisits Baba 1ustafa and triesagain, ony this time, a hun+ is hipped out of the stone step at Ai Baba's front door. Again 1orgianafois the pan by ma+ing simiar hips in a the other doorsteps. 3he seond 3hief is +ied for his faiureas we. At ast, the eader of the 3hiees goes and oo+s for himsef. 3his time, he memori/es eerydetai he an of the e7terior of Ai Baba's house.

3he -hief of the 3hiees pretends to be an oi merhant in need of Ai Baba's hospitaity, bringingwith him mues oaded with thirty@eight oi ars, one fied with oi, the other thirty@seen hiding the other remaining thiees. *ne Ai Baba is aseep, the 3hiees pan to +i him. Again, 1orgiana disoers andfois the pan, +iing the thirty@seen 3hiees in their oi ars by pouring boiing oi on them. Ghen their eader omes to rouse his men, he disoers that they are a dead, and esapes. 3he ne7t morning1orgiana tes Ai Baba about the thiees in the ars, they bury them and Ai Baba shows his gratitudeby giing 1orgiana her freedom.

3o e7at reenge, after some time the -hief of 3hiees estabishes himsef as a merhant,befriends Ai Baba's son (who is now in harge of the ate -assim's business), and is inited to dinner at Ai Baba's house. Howeer the 3hief is reogni/ed by 1orgiana, who performs a dane with a dagger for the diners and punges it into his heart when he is off his guard. Ai Baba is at first angry with1orgiana, but when he finds out the 3hief tried to +i him, he is e7tremey gratefu and rewards1orgiana by marrying her to his son. Ai Baba is then eft as the ony one +nowing the seret of thetreasure in the ae and how to aess it. 3hus, the story ends happiy for eeryone e7ept -assim andthe forty 3hiees.

T+! Ara/ Psyc+!T+! Ara/s B!%or! Is$a#

3he Arabs are an anient Semiti peope of the 1idde !ast. 3hey are proud in their beief thatthey are desended from the 8rophet 2oah's son Shem, and honored that the ast of the ineage of od's prophets was from their midst, and humbed that od enightened man+ind by reeaing the HoyGord in their anguage.

3he ompe7 history of the Arab is onenienty diided into two parts of before and after by the

Reeation. 0n the pre@0sami period, the soia struture whih eoed in the harsh enironment of the Arab 8eninsua was based on the triba unit. Some tribes from the era surie een to this day, whieothers perished during the proess of od's unfoding pan.

3he Arabi tribes whih did not perish but whih suried to the modern era an be diided intothose ans of pure ineage and those peopes who hae graduay beome naturai/ed within the Arabi famiy.

3he ore tribe of the pure Arab is the Nahtan, whose and of origin is found within Yemen. Arabhistorians identify the first +ing of Yemen as Yar'ub bin Nahtan, who was sueeded by his son Yashub,who in turn was foowed by his son Abdu@Shams.

3he seond group of Arabs who hae suried from the pre@0sami era are those whih arereferred to as naturai/ed, being from the peopes whih mi7ed and intermarried with the Nahtan. 3hese Arabs desended from the 8rophet 0smai who had setted in the hoy ity of 1ea. 3hey are aso

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+nown as the Adnani and the 2i/ari after their great@grandfather Adnan and their father 2i/ar bin 1aadbin Adnan.Tri/a$ Sys!#

uring the pre@0sami era, the tribe was the primary soia and poitia unit of the Arabs. 3heprimary funtion of the an struture was to defend its members, whether right or wrong.-orrespondingy, the tribesmen deoted themsees to protet their oetie honor and they obeyedthe ditates of their triba eders. A pre@0sami poet eo:uenty e7pressed this un:uestioning oyaty asfoowsD I am nothing but a member of my tribe. If it goes astray, I will too, and if it follows theright path, so will I.

3he Hoy Nuran preahed strongy against this bind oyaty and the destrutie preudies whihresuted. 3he Gord of od dereed a better riteria to differentiate between peope, being their deotionto 0sam.Pracica$ Kno"$!dg! and Sci!nc!

3he Arabi uture of the pre@0sami era did not inent the sort of ompe7 mythoogies andreation myths whih harateri/ed anient utures suh as reee.

3he assi framewor+ of phiosophy and rhetori whih the ree+s deeoped was therefore far from the more mundane onsiderations of the eary Arabs. 3he triba a+ of adaned urban entersmeant that shoos of speiai/ed inteetua s+is did not deeop. 3he pre@0sami Arabs were either iagers, pastoraists or traders, who e7isted with the ess effete goa of simpe physia suria.T+! N!!d %or R!(!ng!

8re@0sami Arabs were adamant about the un:uestionabe aw of reenge. 0n their iew, adisgrae must be aenged, no matter what the onse:uenes. *ne of their poets e7pressed thisutura fi7ation thusD I shall wash disgrae with the edge of my sword, no matter what this may bring about. 0n this onte7t, the pagan tribes beieed that if the murder of a +insman went unaenged,a bird named 'a Hama' woud ome out of the itim's s+u and hoer oer his grae shrie+ing PSatisfymy thirstQP 3his woud be the itim's demand to aenge his death and to :uenh his terribe thirst withthe bood of the murderer.A P!op$! o% E$o4u!nc!

3he eary tribes did not ommony e7press their artistry with arhiteture and statuary. 0nstead theygoried in the intriaies of their spendid Arabi anguage. 3he tribes oed eo:uent speeh and thee7pression of their fo+ wisdom in eer proerbs. Story@teing and reitations of poetry were standardfeatures of the soia gatherings of both hathar and bedouin.T+! )+arac!r o% R!sp!c

=or a tribesman to hod his head high among his feows during the ong epoh of the pre@0samiperiod, he had to dispay ertain eements of harater whih were highy aued in his uture. 3hese:uaities inuded ourage, generosity, integrity and pride.

 An unfortunate aspet of the ife of both hathar and bedouin was a ondition of onstant inseurity. Atta+ from hostie fores oud ta+e pae at any time. =or members of the tribe, ourage wasimperatie if famiy and property and honor were to be defended. Audaity therefore ame to be ahighy regarded attribute, whereas owardiness and fear of the enemy was a disgrae.T+! E#!rg!nc! o% Is$a#

3he Gord of od was reeaed to man+ind in the year 4"5 A. 3he message brought by the8rophet 1ohammed, peae be upon him, introdued drasti hanges to the poitia, soia, inteetuaand utura ife of the Arabs. 3he teahings of the Hoy Nuran were a bunt instrument to suppress the

ruder aspets of the Arabi uture, and a fine instrument to upift their better sees.3he reeaed system was ompete, as it estabished a of the aws neessary to reguate both

persona and poitia ife. 0sam instied in the Arab the high ideas and hoy fire whih enabed themirauousy rapid e7pansion of the 1usim word. Suh is the power of the word of odQ 3heReeation of the Gord had a powerfu impat on the Arab psyhe.

Source htt$//www.alshindagah.com/anuary++/theara5$syche.htm T+! Sound and Turns o% Ara/ Po!ry

Read the sampes of Arab poetry. *bsere the harmony of sounds and turns of phrasing,stan/ai forms, breity and theme. Arabi poetry is based argey on harmonies of sound and stri+ing turns of phrasing. A poet's famedepended upon a few briiant oupets rather than on any sustained meody or ong@ontinued fight of 

nobe thought. *ne distinguished phiosophia poem of some ength is the we@+nown Pament of thei/ier Abu 0smae.P 3his we gie in fu at the onusion of this setion& but mainy we must iustrate thefinest fowering of Arabi erse by seeting speimens of harateristi breity. 1any of the Arabaiphs inined to the gaieties of ife rather than to their reigious duties, and +ept many poets aroundthem. 0ndeed some of the aiphs themsees were poetsD 3he -aiph Gaid omposed musi as we aserse& and was haied by his immediate ompanions as a great artist. His neget of reigion, howeer,was so re+ess as to rouse the resentment of his peope, and he ost his throne and ife.

Source htt$//www.thenagain.info/-lasses/Sources/Ara5'oetry.html  On Faa$is# 2ot aways weath, not aways fore A spendid destiny ommands&3he ordy uture gnaws the orpse3hat rots upon yon barren sands. 2or want, nor wea+ness sti onspires3o bind us to a sordid state&3he fy that with a touh e7piresSips honey from the roya pate. 

O The !oly Imam "hafay  

T+! Song o% Maisuna 3he russet suit of ame's hair,Gith spirits ight, and eye serene,0s dearer to my bosom far 3han a the trappings of a :ueen. 3he humbe tent and murmuring bree/e3hat whistes thro' its futtering wa,1y unaspiring fany peaseBetter than towers and spendid has. 3h' attendant ots that bounding fy And froi by the itter's side, Are dearer in 1aisuna's eye3han gorgeous mues in a their pride. 3he wath@dog's oie that bays whene'er  A stranger see+s his master's ot,Sounds sweeter in 1aisuna's ear 3han yonder trumpet's ong@drawn note. 3he rusti youth unspoit by art,Son of my +indred, poor but free,Gi eer to 1aisuna's heartBe dearer, pamper'd foo, than thee. 

O #aisuna, $ife to the %aliph #owiah 

TURN TAKIN2 STRATE2IES A onersation is a turn@ta+ing proess and it is more diffiut when there are seera peope in a

onersation. Ghen a onersation is going on, spea+ers must hae the s+i of turn ta+ing in order toet the onersation go smoothy and appropriatey among them.

!7perts suggest the foowing strategies in ta+ing turnsD3hese inoe ways of entering into a onersation or ta+ing oer the roe of spea+er, and inudeDL sing interetion to signa a re:uest for a turn suh as M1mhmm, MYeah, and rising intonationL sing faia or other gestures to indiate a wish to ta+e a turn.L Aept a turn offered by another spea+er by responding to a :uestion or by proiding the seond

part of an adaeny pair.L -ompeting or adding to something said by the spea+er.

 0n different utures there are different standards for interrupting and turn@ta+ing, howeer there are

aso a few uniersa points that appy to most situations.

". 3he spea+er an hoose the ne7t spea+er. You an stop someone dominating the onersation, andyou an inude :uieter peope.

9. You an stop someone interrupting by aoiding eye ontat with them, and ontinuing eye ontat

7/21/2019 Aung San Suu Kyi

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/aung-san-suu-kyi-56deefe4e690c 5/5

with your partner in the onersation. ont drop the oume of your speeh (i.e. dont begin tospea+ more :uiety).

C. 0f someone interrupts you, and you haent finished ma+ing your point, te them eary. You an usephrases i+eD @et me finish / "ay ! finish9 )cuse me ! haenBt finished. Cust a moment / =ang ona second.D 

 Ghen someone wont stop ta+ing, and you are not interested in what they are saying, you an

aoid eye ontat, turn away or oo+ at something ese. o not use onersation fiers. 

Source htt$//www.english$ond.com/s$eaing/-ommunicationE2*andE2*daily E2*)nglish/turntaing/inde.html 

 PROPA2AN3A 3EVI)ES

8ropaganda is a form of ommuniation that is aimed at infuening the attitude of a ommunitytoward some ause or position by presenting ony one side of an argument. 8ropaganda is usuayrepeated and dispersed oer a wide ariety of media in order to reate the hosen resut in audieneattitudes.

htt$//en.wii$edia.org  

8ropaganda is intended to ma+e us aept or approe something without oo+ing osey at theeidene. 1ost of the propaganda deies utii/e emotion and aoid ritia thin+ing. Here are some of the ommon propaganda deiesD

 ". )ard Sac-ing5 3he strategy of showing the produts best features, teing haf@truths, and omitting

or ying about its potentia probems.). ;rug manufacturers do this frequently in ads in which they sim oer the $ossi5le harmful side

effects of their $roducts. 0acts are Selected and $resented which most effectiely strengthenand authenticate the $oint of iew of the $ro$agandist.

 9. Na#! ca$$ing5 3he use of names that eo+e fear or hatred in the iewer. 3he name@aing tehni:ue

in+s a person, or idea, to a negatie symbo. 3he most obious type of name aing inoed Ebadnames.F ). Facist dictator communist etc.

 C. P$ain Fo$-s5 3he use of eeryday peope to se a produt or serie. Spea+ers and ads appear to

ma+e the person to be Eone of the peope.F !7. Amerias reent presidents hae a beenmiionaires, but they hae gone to great engths to present themsees as ordinary iti/ens. Bi-inton eats at 1onads. Ronad Reagan hops wood.

 $. 2$i!ring 2!n!ra$ii!sD 3he at of referring to words or ideas that eo+e a positie emotiona

response from an audiene. irtue words are often used. ). 0ood $roducts will quicly la5el their foods as low fat hinting that they are more healthy when in fact the $roduct might 5e high incalories. Adertisers will sometimes gie an incom$lete com$arison lie G5etter tasting.D Hetter tasting than what9 S$am9 ;irt9

 

<. So% soap5 =attery or insinere ompiments designed to get the audiene on the side of thespea+er. !7. P! loe isiting you fols in Hohol where the $eo$le are wholesome hardworing and family centered. %ou all now what wors in your $roince 5etter than "etro "anila.P

 Source htt$//www.hs.org/modules/lesson$lans/detail.cfm9@esson'lan!dI33J  

)ON3ITIONAL SENTEN)ES-onditiona sentenes pay a ery important roe in !ngish grammar. 3hey e7press a ondition and itsresut. 3here are three types of onditiona statement in !ngishD". &pen onditional statement  @ refers to a future eent whih is onditiona on another future eent.

!7. !f you eat too much youll get fatter.7e wont finish in time unless eeryone wors fast.

3his aso desribes one potentia state of reaity or irumstane whih is dependent onsomething.

!7. !f the tem$erature falls 5elow #ero it free#es.!f it rains eeryone gets wet.

9. &pen hypothetial onditional statement @ refers to a possibe future situation whih depends onanother possibe future situation.

!7. !f you ate too much youd Lyou wouldM get fatter.!f ! went to @ondon ! would / could isit the Hritish "useum.

C. 'nfulfilled hypothesis @ refers to a situation whih an eent might hae ta+en pae, but did not,beause a ondition was not fufied.

!7. !f you had eaten too much youd Lyou wouldM hae got fatter.!f ! had gone to @ondon ! could hae isited the Hritish "useum L5ut ! didntM.

 Source htt$//lingua$ress.com/grammar/conditionals.htm

 BIBLE5 THE STORY OF RUTH

 3he boo+ of Ruth ontains an interesting story about a 1oabite woman who was redeemed into aHebrew famiy. 3he boo+ may hae been written by Samue and was probaby penned during the timeof aid. 

A 3r!ad%u$ Ti#! in a Srang! )ounry Beause of a famine in 0srae, a Hebrew famiy moed to 1oab. 3his was a ountry not far from

0srae on the east side of the ead Sea. 3he famiy was from the ity of Bethehem@udah in 0srae.!imeeh and his wife 2aomi had two sons, 1ahon and -hiion. !ah of them married a wife from1oab. 0n time !imeeh and his two sons died whih eft the three widows in 1oab.

 

A n!" /!ginning  After her husbands death, 2aomi panned to return to Bethehem@udah to be with famiy. She

prepared to eae her two daughters@in@aw. Howeer, they begged to be abe to go with her. She saidthat she had no more hidren and een if she were to marry again and bear sons that the twodaughters woud not be abe to wait for them to grow up. She panned to return to 0srae aone andempty.

 Tru! $o(! s!$%$!ss gi(ing *ne of the daughters@in@aw, *rpah, returned to her peope in 1oab. 3he other daughter@in@aw,

Ruth, said that she woud stay with 2aomi. 0t was during this onersation that Ruth said these wordswhih hae beome the basis for many -hristian wedding owsD E0ntreat me not to eae thee, or toreturn from foowing after theeD for whither thou goest, 0 wi go& and where thou odgest, 0 wi odgeD thypeope sha be my peope, and thy od my odD Ghere thou diest, wi 0 die, and there wi 0 be buriedDthe ord do so to me, and more aso, if ought but death part thee and me.F

Ruth and 2aomi returned to Bethehem@udah together. 2aomi was finaniay and emotionaydespondent, but her famiy and friends aepted her with oy.

 As they had no money and no men to ta+e are of them, Ruth went into the fieds to gather whateer grain she oud. *ne and owner, Boa/, notied Ruth and as+ed his wor+ers to be +ind to her and eae penty of grain for her and her mother@in@aw. He did not +now at the time who Ruth was, butout of +indness he hose to are for the new stranger in their and.

Ruth returned to 2aomi and tod her about the generous andowner. 2aomi as+ed about the manand was peased to earn that it was Boa/. Boa/ was a near famiy member of !imeeh, her atehusband. 3his meant that Boa/ had the opportunity to ta+e 2aomi and Ruth into his are as we as freethem from their finania debt.