Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/eApproach, 6/e

Chapter 32Chapter 32The Road AheadThe Road Ahead

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Importance of Software-Importance of Software-RevisitedRevisited

In Chapter 1, software was characterized as a differentiator. The function delivered by software differentiates

products, systems, and services and provides competitive advantage in the marketplace.

But software is more that a differentiator. The programs, documents, and data that are

software help to generate the most important commodity that any individual, business, or government can acquire—information.

The Scope of ChangeThe Scope of Change

Software connected technologies will Software connected technologies will impact impact communications, energy, healthcare, communications, energy, healthcare, transportation, entertainment, economics, transportation, entertainment, economics, manufacturing, and warfare, to name only a fewmanufacturing, and warfare, to name only a few

Some technologies to watch:Some technologies to watch: Carbon nanotubesCarbon nanotubes BiosensorsBiosensors OLED displaysOLED displays Grid ComputingGrid Computing Cognitive machinesCognitive machines

People - Building People - Building SystemsSystems

Communication is changingCommunication is changing e.g., video conferencinge.g., video conferencing

Work patterns are changingWork patterns are changing e.g., intelligent agentse.g., intelligent agents

Knowledge acquisition is changingKnowledge acquisition is changing e.g., data mining, the Webe.g., data mining, the Web

The “New” SE ProcessThe “New” SE Process

AgileAgile the process and the people must be adaptablethe process and the people must be adaptable

IncrementalIncremental Delivery occurs in incrementsDelivery occurs in increments All software engineering activities are All software engineering activities are

iterativeiterative Object-orientedObject-oriented

Classes are definedClasses are defined Responsibilities are identifiedResponsibilities are identified Collaboration is describedCollaboration is described

An Information An Information SpectrumSpectrum

data:no associativity information:

associativity withinone context

knowledge:associativity withinmultiple contexts

wisdom:creation of generalizedprinciples based onexisting knowledgefrom different sources

Technology TrendsTechnology Trends Combination technologies. When two important technologies are

merged, the impact of the merged result is often greater that sum of the impact of each taken separately.

Data fusion. The more data we acquire, the more data we need. More importantly, the more data we acquire, the more difficult it is to extract useful information.

Technology Push. Today, some technologies evolve as solutions looking for problems.

Networking and serendipity. In this context networking implies connections between people or between people and information.

Information overload. A vast sea of information is accessible by anyone with an Internet connection.

Software Engineering Software Engineering Ethics-IEthics-I

An ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Task Force has produced An ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Task Force has produced a a Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional PracticesProfessional Practices (Version 5.1). The code (Version 5.1). The code [ACM98] states:[ACM98] states: Software engineers shall commit themselves to Software engineers shall commit themselves to

making the analysis, specification, design, making the analysis, specification, design, development, testing and maintenance of software development, testing and maintenance of software a beneficial and respected profession. In a beneficial and respected profession. In accordance with their commitment to the health, accordance with their commitment to the health, safety and welfare of the public, software safety and welfare of the public, software engineers shall adhere to the following Eight engineers shall adhere to the following Eight Principles:Principles:

Software Engineering Software Engineering Ethics-IEthics-I 1. PUBLIC - Software engineers shall act consistently with the public 1. PUBLIC - Software engineers shall act consistently with the public

interest.interest. 2. CLIENT AND EMPLOYER - Software engineers shall act in a manner 2. CLIENT AND EMPLOYER - Software engineers shall act in a manner

that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest.the public interest.

3. PRODUCT - Software engineers shall ensure that their products and 3. PRODUCT - Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible.related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible.

4. JUDGMENT - Software engineers shall maintain integrity and 4. JUDGMENT - Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment.independence in their professional judgment.

5. MANAGEMENT - Software engineering managers and leaders shall 5. MANAGEMENT - Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance.software development and maintenance.

6. PROFESSION - Software engineers shall advance the integrity and 6. PROFESSION - Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.

7. COLLEAGUES - Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of 7. COLLEAGUES - Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.their colleagues.

8. SELF - Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning 8. SELF - Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.approach to the practice of the profession.

Ethics-On a Personal Ethics-On a Personal levellevel

Never steal data for personal gain.Never steal data for personal gain. Never distribute or sell proprietary information Never distribute or sell proprietary information

obtained as part of your work on a software obtained as part of your work on a software project.project.

Never maliciously destroy or modify another Never maliciously destroy or modify another person’s programs, files, or data.person’s programs, files, or data.

Never violate the privacy of an individual, a group, Never violate the privacy of an individual, a group, or an organization.or an organization.

Never hack into a system for sport or profit.Never hack into a system for sport or profit. Never create or promulgate a computer virus or Never create or promulgate a computer virus or

worm.worm. Never use computing technology to facilitate Never use computing technology to facilitate

discrimination or harassment.discrimination or harassment.