aula 1- identificação e natureza química do material genético 2013 - 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Identificao
e natureza qumica do material
gentico
Profa. Dra. Ana Carolina Silva Siquieroli
2013
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLNDIACURSO DE AGRONOMIA - MONTE CARMELO
DISCIPLINA DE GENTICA NA AGROPECURIA
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G
enticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra
.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
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Gregor Mendel (1865)
Monge Austraco experimentos em cruzamentos entre linhagens quehaviam herdado variaes em ervilhas
Deduziu a existncia de distintos fatores que levavam a informaosobre o desenvolvimento dos genitores para a prole
Tornou-se aparente que a informao que especifica o desenvolvimentodos organismos estava contida nos cromossomos do ncleo celular
G
enticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra
.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
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Gene
Como os genes afetam praticamente toda a estrutura e funo de umorganismo, ser capaz de identificar e determinar o papel dos genes de
grande importncia
MUTAES
G
enticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra
.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
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cidos Nuclicos
DNA RNA
Estutura e funes
distintas
Protena
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Funes do DNA: armazenar e transmitir informaesGenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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DNA Material Gentico?
Sculo XX
1928Frederick Griffith: primeiro passo na identificao do DNA como
material gentico
Streptococus pn eumon iae
2 cepas:
Virulenta - lisa (capa depolissacardeo) -S
No-virulenta - rugosa - RGenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Experimento de Griffith (1928)
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Concluso: Existncia de um Princpio Transformante
Qual seria o componente qumico?GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Experimento de Avery e col. (1944)
Lipdeosdestrudos
RNAdestrudo
Protenadestruda
DNAdestrudo
Extrato de linhagem S -virulenta
Polissacardeosdestrudos
Concluso: o agente transformante e a molcula que carrega a informaco hereditria o DNAGenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Experimento de Hershey e Chase(1952) - Fagos T2
Fagos T2 vrus que infecta bactrias
Marcaes com radioistopos35S - protenas32P - DNA
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Vrus marcados com
enxofre radioativo
Vrus marcados com
fsforo radioativoDNAprotena
Marcao no interior dabactria
Marcao est fora dabactria
Concluso: o DNA o material hereditrioGenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Watson e Crick
1953Modelo de estrutura do DNA
baseados em difrao de Raios Xde cristais da molcula .
Dupla Hlice
Estrutura do DNA
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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A britnica Rosalind Franklin obtem imagens
de DNA de excelente qualidade, por difraode raios X.
O DNA longo e fino
A molcula helicoidal
Duas partes similares que soparalelas uma outra.
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KR/B/B/H/K/_/krbbhk.jpg -
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GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
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Prmio Nobel de Fisiologia e Medicina de 1962, junto com os inglesMaurice Wilkins.
Francis Crick James Watson
Prmio Nobel - 1962
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://srv.fotopages.com/2/1866807.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c8/FirstSketchOfDNADoubleHelix.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cnl.salk.edu/Personnel/ldap_image.php%3FPerson%3Dfcrick&imgrefurl=http://cnl.salk.edu/Personnel/Former/&usg=__UW_ZFp0-sw6R0JR5IXQ6HV0kb8o=&h=400&w=300&sz=32&hl=pt-BR&start=41&um=1&tbnid=rAHr7TAg0Bqm1M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFrancis%2BCrick%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40%26um%3D1http://www.genome.gov/Images/press_photos/highres/57-300.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Trs molculas constituem o DNA
AcarGrupofosfato
Basenitrogenada
Grupo Fosfato
Bases nitrogenadas:adeninaguaninacitosinatimina
Acar:desoxirribose
Nucleotdeo
GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Acar - pentosedesoxirribose
Ateno
Desoxirribose
1
2
4
3
5
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Adenina (A)
Citosina (C)
Guanina (G)
Timina (T)
Bases Nitrogenadas
Pirimidinas
Purinas
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Desoxirribonucleotdeos
Desoxicitidina 5monofosfato (dCMP)Desoxiguanosina 5monofosfato (dGMP)
Desoxitimidina 5monofosfato (dTMP)Desoxiadenosina 5monofosfato (dAMP)
Adenina Timina
Guanina Citosina
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Analisando DNAs de organismosdiferentes
Pirimidinas Purinas=
Erwin Chargaff
T + C A + GGenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Dupla Hlice
Pontes de H
Ligaofosfodister
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Ligaes fosfodister (nucleotdicas)
5
3
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Propriedades do material gentico
1 Permitir sua replicao fiel
2- Possuir um contedo informacional
(sequncia de nucleotdeos)
3- Ser capaz de mudar (sofrer mutaes)
A estrutura de dupla-hlice preenche todos estes requisitosGenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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RNA
Cadeia unifilamentar denucleotdeos
RNA informacionaisRNA mensageiro:intermedirio na sntese protica
RNA funcionais so ativos como RNAs eno so traduzidos em protenas
RNA
transportador
RNA ribossmico
RNA pequeno
nuclerar - snRNA
Ribozimas RNAs que funcionam comoprotenas enzimticas
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Trs molculas constituem o RNA
AcarGrupofosfato
Basenitrogenada
Grupo Fosfato
Bases nitrogenadas:adeninaguaninacitosinauracila
Acar: ribose
Nucleotdeo
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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DNA RNA
AtenoOH
desoxirribose ribose
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Ribonucleotdeos
Adenosina 5monofosfato(AMP)
Uridina 5monofosfato (UMP)
Guanosina 5monofosfato(GMP)
Citidina 5monofosfato (CMP)GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Gene
1940 - George Beadle e Edward Tatum - incio da biologia molecular
Gene um segmento do material gentico (DNA) que determina oucodifica uma enzima
Um gene uma protena
Biologia Moderna?GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Genoma
Genoma: conjunto de cromossomos de uma determinada espcie
Genoma Humano
25.000 genes codificantes deprotenas
Dispersos em trs bilhes debases de DNA (A, T, C, G)
Contidos em cada conjunto de23 cromossomos
De certo modo ns contemos a ns mesmos, embrulhados dentro de ns mesmos,
repetidos trilhes de vezes.
Hermann J. Muller, 1947GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Cromossomos
Os genes so partes deestuturas celulares especficas
e maioresos cromossomos
Cada cromossomo contmuma nica e longa molcula de
DNA densamente dobrada
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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- Haplide 1 conjunto de cromossomoscaracterstico da espcie (n)
Humanos 2n = 46
Abelha sem ferro (Melipona) 2n =16
Peixe (carpa) 2n = 104
Nmero de Cromossomos
-Diplide 2 conjuntos de cromossomos (2n)
Tamanho dos Cromossomos
- Diferem consideravelmente entre si, dentrode um mesmo genoma
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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-Regio do cromossomo na qual se ligam asfibras do fuso mittico
Centrmero
-Utilizado para distinguir os cromossomos
Matacntrico centrmero
no meio
Acrocntrico centrmerodeslocado do centro
Telocntrico centrmero
em uma ponta
Estrutura dos Cromossomos
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dr
a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Telmero
Cromatina
Sequncia repetitiva - TTAGGG (telomerase)
So as extremidades dos cromossomos
o material que constitui um cromossomo
Eucromatina regies poucocoradas pouco condensadas -genes ativos
Heterocromatina regiesdensamente coradas muitocondensadas
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS
iquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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nucleossoma
solenide
Empacotamento do DNA: viso geral
Quanto de DNA existe em um conjuntocromossmico ou genoma?
Clula humana 1 metro de
DNA em 23 cromossomos
Eficienteempacotamento
2 metros de DNA em 46cromossomos em uma
nica clulaGenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Cromatina: mistura de DNA + protenas
Empacotamento do DNA
Nucleossomo : contas de um colar
DNA
Histonas: H2A, H2B, H3 e H4octmero
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Empacotamento do DNA
Solenide : espaguete in vivo
Maior helicoidizao
Histonas H1
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Empacotamento do DNA
2 metros de DNA em 46cromossomos em uma
nica clula
GenticanaAgropecu
ria
Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1 -
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Obrigada!!!!GenticanaAgropecuria
Profa.D
ra.AnaCarolinaSilva
Siquieroli/2013
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1