august 2008 where to look - pests! insects nematodes weeds diseases rodents and other small mammals...
TRANSCRIPT
August 2008
Where to look - Pests!
• Insects• Nematodes• Weeds• Diseases• Rodents and other small mammals
Original Presentation by Virginia TechModified by the Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office
November 2005
August 2008
Basic classification
• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species• Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk
August 2008
Starting at the beginning:
• 4 types of Phyla:– Arthropoda ( insects, spiders, mites, millipedes)– Aschelminthes (roundworms)– Platyhelminthes (Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms)– Mollusca (snails, slugs, clams)
• Arthropoda Phyla is divided into classes:– Crustacea (Crayfish, sowbugs)– Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites)– Insecta ( bugs, beetles, butterflies)
August 2008
Classification cont.
• Insecta Class is divided into Orders:– Orthoptera (grasshoppers)– Homoptera (aphids)– Coleoptera (beetles)– Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies)– Diptera (flies)– Dermoptera (earwigs)– Hemiptera (true bugs)– Hymenoptera (ants, bees)
August 2008
Rules to fall into Classes and Orders
• Arachnida:– must have 2 body segments or parts– must have 4 pairs of legs– *some mites are major plant pests
• Insects:– all have three body regions: head, thorax,
abdomen– 3 pairs of legs– 1 pair of antennae– 0 to 2 pairs of wings
August 2008
Head Body Parts
• Antennae: segmented, vary in form.– Primarily the smell organ
• Mouthparts: – rasping-sucking– chewing-lapping– piercing-sucking
August 2008
Body Parts
• Thorax: made of 3 sections, each containing a pair of legs– legs are jointed– used for digging, feeling, swimming, and
cleaning
• Wings - differ for each insect– serve as an identification tool– “-ptera” means with wings
August 2008
Metamorphosis• Development of the body after birth
• Gradual (or incomplete) - insect’s life cycle changes from egg through the nymph to adult– nymph, similar to adult except for size and color– aphids, leafhoppers, mole crickets
• Complete - 4 life stages– egg, larvae, pupae, adult– larvae looks nothing like adult– pupae is a transformation stage– caterpillars-moths, grubs-beetles, maggots-flies
August 2008
Beneficial Insects
• Not all insects are bad for agriculture
• They help:– pollinate plants– improve soil– destroy harmful insects
August 2008
Other types of pests• Nematodes
• Weeds
Southern root-knot nematodes on pepper plant
roots.
This weed is leafy spurge.
August 2008
Other types of pests
• Diseases
• Rodents and other animals