Audrey Flack. Vanitas (Marilyn). 1977.

Francisco de Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters. 1796-98. Etching

• Content: Words to Describe Subject Matter

1. Naturalistic

2. Realistic

3. Illusionistic

4. Idealized

5. Stylized

6. Romanticized

7. Non-figurative/Non-representational

Precursors of the Renaissance

Cultural Factors of the Fourteenth Century:

1. Christianity

2. Population Shift

3. War

4. Plague

• Dante Alighieri (1265 – 1321)

Divine Comedy

1. Inferno

2. Purgatorio

3. Paradiso

Petrarch (1305 – 1374)

Three Periods:

1. The Ancient Classical World

2. The Dark Ages

3. The Modern World

Three Artists:

1. Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) Florence

2. Cimabue (1272-1302) Florence

3. Duccio di Buoninsegna (1278-1318) Siena

R: Giotto. Madonna Enthroned. C. 1310. Tempera on wood.L: Cimabue. Madonna Enthroned. C. 1280-90. Tempera on wood.

• Byzantine Empire

• Tempera: A paint in which the pigments are mixed with egg yolk and water.

• Altarpiece: A painted or carved panel or winged structure placed at the back of or behind and above an altar.

Interior view, looking east, Arena Chapel, Padua, c. 1305.

• Fresco: A method of wall painting in which powdered pigments, mixed only with water are applied to a wet, freshly laid lime-plaster ground.

Giotto, Last Judgment, Arena Chapel, Padua, c. 1305. Fresco 10.06 x 8.38 m.

Giotto, Justice. Arena Chapel, Padua, c. 1305. Fresco

Duccio. Maestà. From Siena Cathedral, 1308-11. Tempera and Gold on Panel. 2.13 x 4.12 m.

• Punchwork: Decorative designs stamped onto a surface, such as metal or leather using a punch (handheld metal implement).

Duccio, Maestà. From Siena Cathedral, 1308-11. Tempera on Gold Panel, 2.13 x 4.12m

Duccio. Kiss of Judas. From the Maestà. 1308-11. Tempera on Panel

Giotto. Kiss of Judas. Arena Chapel Padua. c. 1305. Fresco

Master of the Triumph of Death. The Three Living Meet the Three Dead. Detail of the lower left corner of Then Triumph of Death. Fresco on the wall in the Campo Santo, Pisa. 1330s. Height of fresco – 5.6 m

Manuscript illumination, England, 1360-1375.

“The Dance of Death” (1400s) from the Liber chronicarum by Hartmann Schedel.

Early Renaissance Art in Europe

• Humanism

• Thomas Aquinas (1225-74)Summa Theologica, 1267-73.

• Renaissance Perspective Systems:

1. Linear Perspective

i. Orthogonals

ii. Vanishing Point

2. Intuitive Perspective

3. Aerial Perspective

Benozzo Gozzoli. Saint Augustine Reading Rhetoric in Rome. Fresco in the choir of the Church of Sant’Agostino, San Gimignano, Italy. 1464-65.