attribution theory · 2019-10-21 · attribution theory program manager, safe and drug-free schools...
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Attribution Theory
Program Manager,Safe and Drug-Free SchoolsGeorgia Dept. of Education
PRESENTER
Cheryl Benefield
Instructional Designer,Professional ExcellenceAndrew Young School of Policy StudiesGeorgia State University
FACILITATOR
Pat Strawser
S I G N A L S
Attribution Theory
Program Manager,Safe and Drug-Free SchoolsGeorgia Dept. of Education
PRESENTER
Cheryl Benefield
S I G N A L S
The difference betweenthe right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug.
Mark Twain
S I G N A L S
S I G N A L S
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Why is it important to be aware of our habits when working with children?
?
Break existing patterns and change paradigms
Generate more ideas and develop fresh thinking
Solve challenging problems in new and different ways
Edward DeBono, M.D., has held appointments at Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, and MIT
Edward De Bono
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A NEW WAY OFTHINKING
THINKINGA NEW WAY OF
Linear vs. Lateral Thinking
S I G N A L S
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If you’re thinking laterally, how might your thought
process be different?
?
Don’ts Dos
Don’t choose
Don’t look for what is right
Don’t follow a sequence
Don’t concentrate on relevance
Don’t accept the obvious
Change
Look for what is different
Make deliberate jumps
Welcome chance intrusions
Explore less likely directions
S I G N A L S
Perspective
Diseases
• Do not occur bychance
• Are not distributed at random
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Diseases
• Do not occur bychance
• Are not distributed at random
Perspective
Disruptive Behaviors
• Do not occur by chance
• Are not distributed at random
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Decisions are more often driven by our reactions than facts.
Khal Simon
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Decisions are more often driven by our reactions than facts.
Khal Simon
How we characterize
behavior in large part determines
how we react to the behavior.
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Attribution Theory
The attempt to understand the behavior
of others by attributing causation to
feelings, beliefs, intentions, personality
or situations.
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What do you think happens when we attribute the
wrong cause to the behavior?
?
FundamentalAttribution
Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
The fundamental attribution error is our tendency to explain someone’s behavior based on internal factors, such as personality or disposition, and to underestimate the influence that external factors, such as situational influences, have on another person’s behavior.
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The causesof events always interest us more than the events themselves.Cicero
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Fact Story Belief Act
Fundamental Attribution Error
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Fact Story Belief Act
Fundamental Attribution Error
Where we get it
WRONG
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Fundamental Attribution ErrorApplied
• We attribute other people’s negative behavior to
internal motives, but we attribute our own negative
behavior to circumstances.
• We attribute positive events and outcomes to our
own abilities, but we attribute other people’s positive
events and outcomes to circumstances.
S I G N A L S
FundamentalAttribution
Error
A - F
N - S
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What fundamental attr ibution errors might effect how you relate
to chi ldren?
?
Your perceptions create your reality.
Your perceptions can be deceptive.
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Your perceptions
can be deceptive.
We don’t see things as they are.We see them as we are.Anais Nin
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What impacts your perceptions?
?
Attribution Applied • Attribution impacts observations, diagnosis,
interventions, consequences, and follow-up by adults.
• Attribution also impacts students – learned helplessness.
S I G N A L S
Attribution Applied
The motivational effect of learned helplessness is often seen in the classroom.
Students who repeatedly fail may think they are incapable of improving their performance
How might this attribution perception impact these students?
Learned helplessness may be a factor in the development of a victim mentality in
a child or young adult.
Children who are extremely shy or anxious in social situations may become passive and others may perceive them poorly
Attribution Applied
Attribution and learned helplessness leads to a
"failure is fatal" mentality instead of being able to
learn from mistakes.
This leads to the following:• An overreaction to failure
• Depression• Over reliance on experience
Staff training: applying principles of attribution to interaction style and influence and willingness to “take a second look.”
Teacher training: applying principles of attribution to classroommanagement, student behavior, student engagement, and classroom design.
Student training: applying principles of attribution to cause and
effect (i.e., student attributing outcomes to preconceived beliefs toenhance self-confidence and build resilience)
Attribution Theory Training
S I G N A L S
Attribution Theory Training• Attribution training can:
• Reduce physical problems (Rosendal, et. al)
• Reduce depression and anxiety (Larisch, et al)
• Increase academic performance (Vazehie)
• Increase accuracy of diagnosis and interventions (Qaympnah, et al)
• Reduce learned helplessness (Holder and Levi)
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