attitudes and the spiritual life-021 07-22-07 the enneagram and the ham’s: approbation centered...

Attitudes and the Spiritual Life-02107-22-07

The Enneagram and The HAM’s:

Approbation Centered Strategies

Attitudes-021 LWBC 07-22-07 2

The Goal of the Attitudes Study

• We have identified 12 Spiritual Life Factors and introduced them in our SLB Series.

• The goal of the Attitudes and Spiritual Living Series is to make each of these steps “practice-able” in our daily confrontation with the World, the Flesh and the Devil, who come to us in the form of situations and people who afford us the opportunity to demonstrate the Nature of God that He has given us in our Regeneration - the Genetic Reservoir of Righteousness.


Unskilled and Unaware of It• Abstract

People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains.

• The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it.


Unskilled and Unaware of It• Matthew 13:13 (AMP)

•

• 13 This is the reason that I speak to them in parables: because having the power of seeing, they do not see; and having the power of hearing, they do not hear, nor do they grasp and understand.


The Goal of the Attitudes Study• Personality can be defined as a dynamic and

organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognition, motivations, and behaviors in various situations (Ryckman, 2004).

• The word "personality" originates from the greek persona, which means mask. Significantly, in the theatre of the ancient Latin-speaking world, the mask was not used as a plot device to disguise the identity of a character, but rather was a convention employed to represent or typify that character.


Attitudes

• Unlike personality, attitudes are expected to change as a function of experience. Tesser (1993) has argued that hereditary variables may affect attitudes - but believes that they may do so indirectly.

• For example, if one inherits the disposition to become an extrovert, this may affect one's attitude to certain styles of music. There are numerous theories of attitude formation and attitude change.


The Goal of the ASL Study

• Attitude: A relatively stable and enduring predisposition to behave or react in a characteristic way.

• The American Heritage ｨ Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 2nd Edition Copyright 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.


The Appraisal Filters

Beliefs

Self Concept

Knowledge

Attitude

Attribution

Mood

Appraisal

BehaviorSelf Image

Self Esteem Affect

PhysicalEmotional

Cognition

Script

Values


The Event

Perception

Appraisal Filter

Representation

Choice “A” Choice “B”The Volitional

Interlude

Spirituality Carnality

The Sequence of ThinkingThe Sequence of Thinking

OR

SCAttributionMoodBeliefsAttitudeKnowledge


The Goal of the ASL Study• [Attitudes represent] a more or less permanently enduring

state of readiness of mental organization which predisposes an individual to react in a characteristic way (Cantril, 1934).

• An attitude, roughly, is a residuum of experience, by which further activity is conditioned and controlled ... We may think of attitudes as acquired tendencies to act in specific ways toward objects (Krueger & Reckless, 1931).


The Appraisal Filters

Beliefs

Self Concept

Knowledge

Attribution

Mood

BehaviorSelf Image

Self Esteem Affect

PhysicalEmotional

Cognition

Script

Values

Attitude

Appraisal


The Enneagram - Types

• 1. Reformers. (Perfectionist) The underlying motivation of the 1 is to be RIGHT, and to avoid being WRONG. The Achiever

• 2. Helpers. Helpers focus their lives on giving and receiving love. The Giver.


The Enneagram - Types

• 3. Motivators (The Performer) admire success, and want others to admire their successes. Threes are often impressive people with impressive credentials, accomplishments. The Succeeder.

• 4. Romantics - Fours combine emotional intensity, sensitivity, and intuition all in one person. Romantics don't settle for the ordinary. The Individualist


The Enneagram - Types• 5. Thinkers. Type five is the most mentally intense, making

maximum use of their intellectual capacities. They think before they act, thinkers are excellent investigators, sharp observers. The Observer

• 6. The Skeptic. The Devil's Advocate - Sixes are both affectionate and skeptical. They like people, they value trust, and when they trust someone they are extremely loyal to that individual. The Guardian.


The Enneagram - Types• 7. Adventurers. (The Epicure) Sevens hate

boredom and love stimulating activity. Hence they are adventurous, and accumulate wider and wider experiences, as they get older. The Dreamer.

• 8. Leaders. (The Boss) assertive, blunt and fearless; they speak their minds, independent. The Confronter

• 9. Mediator. (Peacemaker) The underlying motivation of type 9 is achieving peace of mind. They are problem-solvers and impartial judges. The Preservationist.

• The more complete description of the 9 types is found in lessons 9 & 10 of this Attitudes Series.


The Enneagram - Types• Daily Life Examples:• A one might be reading because reading is a

metaphorical way of "doing the right thing." The book was assigned or recommended and they are just behaving well.

• A Two will be reading the book because she wants to please her best friend who loves this kind of book.

• A Three will be reading the book because it will enable her to do better work.

• A four will be reading the book because of the emotional charge this gives him.


The Enneagram - Types• A five will read the book to gain control over his

environment or to enjoy the story vicariously. • A six will be reading the book because it contains

warnings about pesticides in the environment. • A seven will read the book as long as it is

interesting. • An eight will read the book to increase her

personal power. • And a nine will read the book because everybody

in his circle of friends is reading it.


The Enneagram - Stories• The story of the One is being flawed and finding flaws; the

Two is not having their needs met; the Three is being loved only for what they accomplish; the Four is a life of tragedy; the Five is being too fragile to handle life; the Six is not being able to trust; the Seven is making plans for more experiences; the Eight is attacking the world for what has been done wrong; and the Nine is being so inferior that there’s no point being present.


The Enneagram - Instincts• The Enneagram breaks the HAM’s, the Human Happiness

Attainment Motivators of the Sinful Nature, into three “instinctual variants”, which they call Self-Preservation, Social, and Intimate (also known as Sexual or One-to-One).

• They reflect the three basic desires in our human nature; the desire to protect the self, the desire to interact with others, and the desire for intimacy or sexuality.


The Enneagram - Instincts• A person's instinctual variant is determined by

which common issues constellate around a particular variant.

• For example, a Social person's prime issues have to deal with how they relate to others, get along with them, be seen by them, etc.

• The instinctual variants are fairly new and not much information and research is available on them, so they are an optional way of viewing the Enneagram.


The Instinctive Subtypes• There are three instinctual drives or Subtypes in

the Enneagram system -• the Self-Preserving (The Materialism HAM), • the Social (The Approbation HAM) and • the Sexual (The Sexual HAM). • Enneagram adherents state that, “like the nine

passions of the Enneagram points, the instinctual drives act as a force underlying our life strategies - often unconscious yet all-pervasive - and represent our most fundamental way of being.” (Katherine Chernick Fauvre)


The Instinctive Subtypes

• The three instinctual drives color the way we act, think, feel, and ultimately express ourselves.

• Each instinctual drive can manifest within each of the nine Enneagram types (in effect resulting in a total of 27 Instinctual Subtypes).


The Instinctive Subtypes

• The instinctual drives appear to be not only instrumental in distinguishing the different styles of manifesting our Enneagram type behavior, but also perhaps the stronger, more unconscious, yet all-pervasive element of our personality type.

• The underlying influence of the dominant instinctual drive can be quite powerful.


The 2,3 and 4 Strategies

• The so-called Heart type people, the Emotionally centered, Approbation Motivated approach to life are relationship-oriented, and their domain is subjective feelings.

• Concerned with what others think of them, image and prestige, they see themselves as being for others, often believing they know what's best for them.

• They dislike being alone, may feel sad, inadequate, and ashamed.


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Quick Review of 2

• Helpers [2], who are compulsively motivated by the need to feel needed through caring for others, experience the psychological addiction of pride.

• To be loved, to be needed, to be appreciated, to get others to respond to them, to vindicate their claims about themselves.


Instinctual Stackings of Two• When the social instinct is dominant (Approbation

+Approbation), the fear of being unloved is less focused on key individuals.

• The sin of pride becomes very apparent in this subtype, and focuses on the need for approbation in all social situations.

• The image/feeling issues of the type combine with the social instinct, and can make for the very caring compassionate drive that is often seen in the social Two.


Instinctual Stackings of Two

• The self-preservation (Materialism + Approbation) Two turns their fear of being unloved into material giving.

• They give of themselves in concrete terms, as in doing things for others.

• Giving and doing can result in a feeling of entitlement, where they give to get, expecting the return of whatever good they have brought to others.


Instinctual Stackings of Two• Sexual Subtype• This subtype loves attention. • They give by shows of affection and by spending

time with those they are focused on. • They make themselves attractive to be lovable. • They can be very flirtatious, and are very good at

making the other person feel special.• On the down side, if this attention is not

reciprocated, they can become controlling and manipulative.


The 3

• Succeeders are compulsively motivated by the need to feel successful in the outer world.

• To be affirmed, to distinguish themselves from others, to have attention, to be admired, to impress others.


Review of the Three

• People of Enneatype Three need the admiration of others in order to feel worthy; indeed at a very deep and largely subconscious level, Threes feel as though they need to see themselves reflected in the eyes of others in order even to exist.

• At the very center of the type Three fixation then, is a fundamental confusion about the difference between appearance and reality, image and substance, who they are and who they are taken to be.


Review of the Three

• Focus of attention: looking successful by fudging or distorting margins of the truth; delegating responsibility and claiming credit; being productive and efficient; achievement and exaggerating their importance; public acclaim; reframing failure in the positive, eliminating any failure, competition, all about me; usurping other people’s hard work and success.


Review of the Three• Threes are people who adopt an ideal of success

and attempt to embody it. • As modern western culture is pluralistic, there are

many possible ideals from which the Three might choose.

• Whichever ideal is chosen however, it is something which, by its very nature, is approximated by just a few.

• Threes are therefore forced to compete.• Language: achievement, success, winning, goals,

efficiency; completion of tasks; doing.


Review of the Three

• Threes tend to pursue their chosen ideal with zest, determination and focus.

• They believe in their innate abilities and are optimistic about their prospects.

• They tend to be good networkers and know how to rise through the ranks.

• They know how to present themselves, are socially competent, often extroverted and sometimes charismatic.


Review of the Three

• Many Threes subtly and even unconsciously alter their self-presentation to appeal to the particular person or audience with whom they are engaging.

• In the process of doing so, they sometimes lose touch with who they really are.


Review of the Three

• Threes frequently are successful, at least as defined by their chosen system of values.

• They tend to be doggedly determined and are not easily deterred by failure.

• Lance Armstrong, whose success has even managed to be inspirational, is a good case in point.

• But while Threes do tend to be “successful,” sometimes even extraordinarily so, they are often secretly afraid of being or becoming "losers."


Review of the Three

• It is not surprising then that Threes can sometimes find intimacy difficult.

• Their need to be validated for their image often hides a deep sense of shame and confusion about who they really are.

• Having achieved success, Threes can begin to wonder whether they are truly loved for who they are, rather than for what they have achieved or how they appear.


Review of the Three

• Threes tend to be large hearted, generous and likable, but they are often difficult to really know.

• Threes get in trouble when they confuse true happiness, which depends on inner states, with the image of happiness that they so easily project.


Review of the Three

• When Threes are out of touch with themselves; it is as if they had an inner checklist to determine the extent of their well being: good job – check, attractive spouse – check, beautiful children – check.

• The attainment of the image never quite satisfies, and the greater the disjunct between the Three's image and who they feel themselves to really be, the more likely the Three is to experience psychological disturbances of various kinds.


Review of the Three• Traditionally, Threes are said to harbor the vice of

“deceit.” • This vice doesn’t necessarily refer to dishonesty

in the conventional sense, and certainly many Threes are ethical in that sense of the term, although some, of course, do adopt lying as one means of achieving success.

• The central deception of the Three however, is that which the Three engages in by mistaking the image he or she projects, for the reality of an inner life, and for seducing others into making that same mistake.


Review of the Three

• Healthy Threes manage to embody valuable ideal qualities without losing contact with their depths and they inspire and encourage others to live up to their own individual ideals.

• They are generous with their time and energy and are willing to help others actualize their potential.


Review of the Three

• When they begin to realize that “success” is not fulfilling them, they immerse themselves in activity in order to distract themselves from their growing sense of inner emptiness.

• Increasingly cut off from their depths, they become glib and superficial.

• As they descend into narcissism, they can become cold blooded and ruthless in pursuit of their goals.

attitudes and the spiritual life-021 07-22-07 the enneagram and the ham’s: approbation centered...

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