Mu 101: Introduction to Music Instructor:Dr.AliceJones

QueensboroughCommunityCollegeSpring2019

SectionsC3(W9:10-12),C5(F9:10-12),F5(F12:10-3)

Attendance/readingQuiz!

Recap

•  TheClassicalperiod•  Sonataform•  Stringquartet•  Symphony

Harmony

• Addscolor,taste,ormotiontoamelody

•  Thenotesincludedinapiece,sectionofapiece,orachordaredeterminedbyascale

•  Scale–aseriesofnotesthatdefineakey•  Key–allthenotesinkeyrevolvearoundacentralpitch(note)

•  ScalesinWesternclassicalmusicareusuallymajororminor•  Example:

•  Beethoven,SymphonyNo.5inCMinor•  Mozart,PianoConcertoinGMajor

JosephHaydn,SymphonyNo.100,“Military,”II.Allegretto(1794)

Harmony: active and rest chords

• Consonance:Intervalsthatsoundpleasanttogether

•  i.e.“theharmonyisconsonant”•  Calmer,morerelaxing,morestable

• Dissonance:Intervalsthatclashwitheachotherproducedissonances

•  i.e.“theharmonyisdissonant”•  Instability•  Needsresolution(relief)

• Chordsprovideasenseofmotionandreturn

•  This“traveling”createsmusicalspace

• Restchords–pointsofcadence•  Calmer,morestable,moreconsonant

• Activechords–moretensionandenergy

•  Moredissonant

Activechord Restchord“resolution”

Harmony: active and rest chords in a major key

•  Chordsprovideasenseofmotionandreturn

•  This“traveling”createsmusicalspace•  Majorkeysoftenhaveabrightquality

WolfgangAmadeusMozart(1756-91),SonataNo.16inCMajor,I.Allegro,K.545(1788)

Inorderforsomethingtobecalled“art”,itmustbe“beautiful”—ImmanuelKant,CritiqueofJudgment,1790

Attitudes about music

18thcentury(Classical) 19thcentury(Romantic)

ThemusicpeoplemakeisaproductofthewaypeoplethinkANDthewaypeoplethinkisaproductofthemusictheylistento.

Musicisa“holymystery.”–WilhelmWachenroder(1790s)

“Musicisthemostromanticofallthearts.Musicunlocksformananunfamiliarworldhavingnothingincommonwiththeexternalworldthatsurroundshim.”

–ETAHoffmann,reviewofBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.5(1810)

Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Der Erlkönig (1815) •  Text:JohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749-1832)

•  Singerplaysmultiplerolesinadramaticplot

•  Narrator,son,father,devil•  Supernaturalfolktale

• Whatistheroleofthepiano?

MoritzvonSchwind(1804-71),TheElfking(c.1860)

DietrichFischer-Dieskau(1925-2012),baritoneGeraldMoore(1899-1987),piano

The middle class of the 19th century

•  15-20%ofWesternEurope• Musicmakingathome•  ThepianobecamelargerandmorepowerfulbecauseoftheIndustrialRevolution

•  Thefavoriteinstrumentofpeoplemakingmusicathome.Itcanplaymanymelodiesandaccompanimentsatthesametime

•  Afavoriteinstrumentofvirtuosos•  Statussymbolinthehome

AchilleDevéria(1800-57)–IntheSalon

Bildung

• Bildung–lifelongprojectofself-cultivationthroughliterature,poetry,andart

•  PracticedbymembersofthemiddleclassinGermanyandAustria

• Bildungcircle•  Schubertiad MortizvonSchwind(1804-71),

Schubertiade(1868)

Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

Oeuvre•  600Lieder•  9symphonies• Chambermusic

•  21pianosonatas•  400dances,waltzes,etc.forpiano•  15stringquartets

“Iamintheworldforthepurposeofcomposing.WhatIfeelinmyheart,Igivetotheworld.”—FranzSchubert

Lied(plural:Lieder)•  SonginGermanforvoiceand

piano•  Lyricalordramaticpoetictext•  Thecomposerdrawsoutthe

meaningofeverywordthroughtexture,form,harmony,andthepianoaccompaniment

Homework and reminders •  ThecurrentOnlineDiscussion(Instrumentsandvoicetypes)endsSunday,Mar3

•  Gradingbasedonthisweek’swritingtip(seeemail)• Nextweek:Peercritique#1(Mar4-10)

•  YourparagraphfromeitherReflection#1orReflection#2isdueonlineby11:59pmonSaturday,March2

• Noassignedreadingfornextweek(FMar8/WMar13)•  Midtermexam•  Reflection#3isdue

• Haveagreatweek!