TO THE OUTSIDE PLANT ENGINEER:

This handbook is designed to be used at your desk or in the field. To use it tobest advantage, please take a few minutes to read the following paragraphs andthen to thumb through and become familiar with its contents.

Purpose and Scope-Detailed design snd const.ruction of the Outside PlantNetwork are covered in the 900 through 939 (Outside Plant Engineering), 363(Loop Transmission Systems - Pair Gain), and 620 through 649 (OutsidePlant Construction) series of practices. This handbook does not replace thesepractices, but provides ready reference to the various practices plus informa­tion required for field use.

How to Use This Handbook-IT you can identify the desired informationwith one of the main section titles (tabs), go to the Table of Contents at thefront of that section and look for the topic of interest. If you do not know theproper section, cannot associate the topic with a main section title, or cannotlind the material in the sect.ion, go to the Index (Section 19). 'l'he Indexcontains references to lIubjec1a listed alphabetically. The abbreviations used areexplained in Section 18.

Sources and References-If you nood more information than is given in thehandbook, references to the associated documents are given either opposite thetopic heading in the text or in the Bibliography at the end of the section.

Updating-This handbook is intended ro be updated periodically by reissue ofthe entire contents or selected complete geCtions.

Feedback-This 1990 edition is being issued to include changes in designconcepts, software, and hardware products. To help in updating and to ensurethat the handbook continues to meet your needs, plesse use the enclosedFeedback Fonn.

"Local" Information-This handbook contains only standanJ infonnation;however, you can add CompBny practices and other local directives either inSection 1, which is provided for that purpose, or in the section appropriate forthe topic. The page size is half the standard 8-1/2 by 11 inches. Standard pagesmay be folded, punched. and inserted. or pages may be reproduced locally tohandbook size. It is suggested that pages produced locally for insertion in oneof the 8ectiODS be printed on colored paper and inserted at either the front orthe back of the section.

Blank pages are provided at the end of the handbook for your personal notes.Additional pages con ()e made by cutting standard size paper in balf.

OUTSIDE PLANT ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

JANUARY 1990

AT&T reserv~ the right to make chang~ to thepJ'Oduct(s) described in this document in the interestof improving internal design, operational function,and/or reliability. AT&T does not assume any liabilitywhich may occur due to the use or application of theproduct(s) or circuit Iayout(s) described herein.

Prepared byTbe AT&T Document Development Organi1:ation

Winston-Salem, North CarolinA

Copyrightc 1990 AT&TAD Rights ReservedPrinted in UB.A,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

section

L Local Information

2. Planning - Integrated Methods System

3. Exchange Network Design

4. Pressurization

5. Transmission

6. Electrical Protection

7. Cable Entrance Facilities

8. Conduit

9. Buried Plant

10. Aerial Plant

II. Clearances for Aerial Plant

12. Premises Distribution Systems

13. Pair Gain Systems

14. Cable and Wire

15. Terminals and Closures

16. Loading Coils, Inductors, a.nd Ca.pacitors

17. Administration

18. Symbols and Abbreviations

19. Index

20. Notes

AT&T CONTACTS

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Technical assistance for the subjects covered can be obtained by calling theRegional Technical Assistance Center at I·S00·225-RTAC. This telephonenumber is staffed 24 hours per day. For ligbtguide technical as&istance. call'-BOO-B24-1931.

DOCUMENTATION CONTENT

If you have questions regarding the content of this document, contact:

AT&TDocument Development OrganizationAttention: Publishing Services Department ­Outside Plant Group2400 Reynolda RoadWinston-Salem, N.C. 27106Telephone: l-SOO·334...Q404 or (919) 727-3167Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. EST

ORDERING INFORMATION

To order additional copies of tbis document, AT&T Entities and Commer·cial Customers should send an onler to:

AT&TCustomer Information CenterAttention: Order Entry Section2855 N. Franklin RoadP. O. Box 19901lndianapolis, Indiana 46219

(AT&T Entities should use Form IND 1-80.80 FA, availahle through theCustomer [nformation Center.)

PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM

Section 2

Feeder Administration (FA). . 2-3

Fundamental Subscriber Carrier Planning. :2<1

LROPP Stepa . . :2.4

CONTENTS

GENERAL.. . .

LONG RANGE OUTSIDE PLANT PLANNING (LROPP).

Purpose.

Detailed Distribution Area Planning (DDAP)

Facility Analysis Plan (FAP) .

~2·,

2-'2·2

2-3

'2·3

FEEDER ADMINISTRATION ...

Tasks.

FACILITY ANALYSIS PLAN WAP)..

DETAILED DlSTRffiUTION AREA PLANNrNG (DDAP)

FUNDAMENTAL SUBSCRffiER CARRIER PLANNING.

·LOOP ENGINEERING INFORMATIOWSYSTEM (LEIS)

Taper Coding the NeLwork for LEIS ..

Engineering Responsibilities for Input,ting Data in LFACSfor LEIS Outputll.

2-8

2-9

2·10

2·12

2·13

2·17

2-18

2-19

Wire Center Selection. :l-4

A8semble Data B8se. 1.4

Begin Administrative Route Layout Sheets :2-.5

Ultimate Sectionalization 2.5

Existing Sectionalizatiolt. :2.5

Prepare BAA Pair Group Displays 2-6

Create Exchange Feeder Route Analysis Program(EFRAP) Schematic. 2.6

Taper Code the Network BMed on Sectionalization. 2-6

Spread Forecasted Growth to EFRAP Sections. 2·6

Simplified Boundary Testing. . . . 2-6

Make Final EFRAP Run. . . 2·7

Develop Long Range Digital Line Plan 2-7

Compile Long Range Outside Plant PlanDocumentation. . . . . . . . . 2-7

Present the Plan for Approval.

Implementation ...

2-8

'·82-1 2-ii

PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEMGeneral

Long Range OutsidePlant Planning (LROPP)

Section 2

PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM

GENERAL

Outside plant planning is comprised of a getting-started step and ongoingefforts as shown below.

Getting Started

Ongoing (Current Planning)

Feeder Administration (FA)

• Long Range Outside Plant Planning (LROPP)

~ Facility Analysis Plan (FAP)

- Detailed Distribution Area Planning (DDAP)

- Fundamental Subscriber Carrier Planning

These methods systems collectively are known as the Integrated MethodsSystem (lMS).

LONG RANGE OUTSIDE PLANT PLANNING (LROPP)

Practices 901-350-200, -201

Long range outside plant planning is the process of analyzing futuregrowth and change, and providing for them in an efficient and economicalmanner. It is an effective tool for intelligently managing the subscribernetwork. Once developed, the long range plan allows savings in engineering andoutside plant costs in several ways. The plan:

• Provides a guide for efficiently designing all work-rearrangements,rehabilitation, and plant additions--toward the most economic networkconfiguration.

• Reduces duplication of engineering effort because it produces standard­ized documentation.

• Assures up-to-date and accurate documentation when its maintenanceand updating become an ongoing function of the feeder administrationand design processes. The documents are continuously used as input todesigning, administering, and monitoring the outside plant network.

'-1

eXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGN

Section 3

CONTENTS

Pago

EXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGNFeeder Design and Adminiliration

Ba.le Strategie.

section 3

EXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGN

FEEDER DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATIONFEEDER DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATION.

Basic Strategies.

Feeder Administration Method SYl:Item ..

Feeder Cnble Sil,ing - Paired Cable.

Feeder Cable Sizing - Lignf.iuide Cable.

DISTRIBUTION DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATlON.

Distribution Design and Administration - Urban andSuburban - Paired Cable.

Design Guidelines for New Distribution Plant _ Urbanand Suburban - Paired Cable.

Administration of Cable Pairs in a Distribution Area. _ .

Dist.ribution Design and Administration - Rural _Pai red Cable.

Rural Area Network Design (RAND) - Paired Cable

RAND Interface Locations

CARRIER SERVING AREA (CSA) OgSIGN

Copper (Paired) Distribution Cable...

Lightguide (Fiber) Distribution Cable.

3·1

H

3·2

H

3-4

J.4

3-.

3-5

J.6

3-i

Basic Strategies

Spare feeder facilities should be apportioned along an entire feeder routeto defer cable relief as long as possible. Th~s is accomplished by dividing thefeeder route into Allocation Are8ll (AAs) during the Long Range Outside PlantPlanning (LROPP) proces.s, Practice 901-350-201. Spare facilities should thenbe allocated along the route based on the transmission limitations of eachAllocation Area. Relief intervals (2 to 5 years) can then be established forvarious cross sections of the feeder route.

Allocated spare pain are then committed to laterals along the route basedon identified growth. (Committed means physically spliced to a lateral andavailable in the distribution plant or appears on the feeder field of a feeder­distribution interface.) TheBe pairs should always be committed in one or more25·pair groups (complemental. The allocated spare pair groups which mayremain in an AA ~r commitment for identified growth can then be madeavailable for future growth aa required. This is accomplished by splicing thespare groups into Reenterable In Cable Splices (RIeS). The use of RIes alongthe route provides the flexibility of multipling these spare groups withoutact.ually introducing multiple appearances of pail"B into the distribution plant.If unforeseen growth occurs, these spare pair groups are available then to bespliced to the appropriate lateral(s).

The methods of administering t.he feeder facilities wing paired cable areas follows.

Type I~ Serving Area Concept (SAC) Dedicated. Feeder pairs forprimary services 8re permanently assigned (dedicated). All feeder pairs arecommitted to the interface in 25-pair groups and are multiple-free.

Type n - SAC Connect.Thr-ough (CT). In area!! of low penetration.sufficient. nonmultipled feeder pairs are committed (in 25-pair groups) toprovide for the requirements. Jumpel"ll are left intact when service is discon­nected, although on idle pairs the CT may be broken as requifed.

Type lll- Interfaced Plant With Multipled Feeder_ Where thereare insufficient feeder pairs llvailable for Types I or II administration, or where

EXCHANGE NETWORK DESKiNFeeder DesJgn and AdministrationBasic StrllltegielFeeder Administration Method System

growth is subject to shiAs between two contiguow; serving arees, 25-ptl.ir groupemey be multipled between two interfaces. The number of pain; multipledshould not exceed 15 pertent of the committed pairs. Also, 25-pair groupsshould not be multipled outside of their Allocation Area. Multipled pairs withinan Allocation Area must meet the transmigsion criteria for the AA.

Th£'ge methods an! covered in Practices 917-100-101, 915-215-200. -300.

The Loop Feeder Administration System (LFAS) and the Long RangeAnalygis Program (LRAP) are mechllni:r;ed tools which aid the engineer indetermining the optimal economic solution in the feeder provisioning process.Given several solution alternatives incorporating both proposed feeder reliefand potential route rearrangements, these programll are used to determine boththe economic fill at relief and the proper allocation of feeder facilities 90 as tominimize total costs.

The introduction of lightguide (fiber) cable end subscriber carrier intothe network is reducing the requirement for traditional large paired feedercables. The ultimate gOll.I is to have outside ptant facilities capable of handlinghigb rates of transmission tbroughout tbe network as explained in $ectioD 2 .Pllmning. This can be accomplished by either utilizing paired cable, Tlapplication to paired cable, or lightguide cable. Although new technology willchange many of our guidelines for deaigning feeder facilities, the strategies foradministering paired cables will generally remain tht. same.

Feeder AdministrationMethod System

Practices 916-100-010 to -015

The Feeder Administration Method System recommends the establish­ment of Feeder Administrators in each Distribution Service Planning Center(DSPC) to manage the feeder network.

Their purpose is to develop economical relief plane for eflch feeder route.The plan should meet the facility requirements for the route for a specific reliefinterval. The emphasis here is on:

(1) Looking at the entire route

(2) Looking at it for a specific relief interval.

Using the Feeder Administration Method System to look at each route8ygtematically has these benefits:

(1) Each route is studied over a year.

3 -2

PRESSURIZATION

Section 4

CONTENTS

PRESSURIZATIONAppllclltion

Rules lor Joining PressurizedIIlnd Nonp1"essurized Cables

Section 4

PRESSURIZATION

APPLICATION

RULES FOR JOINING PRESSURIZED ANDNONPRESSURIZED CABLES.

SYSTEM DESIGN.

DF.8IGN AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS .

GAS SOURCES

Commercial Air Dryers.

Nitrogen Cylinders.

Liquid Nitrogen.

PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND CONTACTORS ..

~.-,.-,'-2,-.4-6

.-.'-7'-7

4-8

4-'

APPLICATION

In general, pressurization is recommended for the iollowingslr-corecableplant:

• All underground cable

• Buried pulp and air-core lightguide ca~le

• All huried air-core trunk/toll polyethylene-insulated conducwr (PIC)cable

• Bwied exchange or feeder cable 400 pairs and larger

• Aerial pulp tnmk/toll cable

• Aerial pulp cable, ZOO pairs and larger, or carrying critical circuits.

Tht! pressurization of aerial PIC cable is no longer recommended.

See Pmctice 930-2{)O-010 for specific recommendations as to the proper upkeepsystem to be employed.

RULES FOR JOINING PRESSURIZED ANDNONPRESSURIZED CABLES

Practice 632-410-200

(l) If filled PIC is to be connected to pressurized cable, use a 10- or 12·typtlstub (see Practice 631-020-101).

(2) Where pre!lSurized paper- or pulp.insulated conductor cable is to beextended with air-core PIC that is not to be pressurized, the PIC cablemust be plugged close to the splice that will.ioin them.

(3) When air pressure is fed to pulp-insulated conductor cable through.DUC'rPICt! cable, moisture may collect in the pulp insulation at thePIC-pulp junction. PIC absorbs less moisture than pulp insulation. Airpressure flowing into the pulp cable may cause moisture in the pulpinsulation. Therefore, when splicing DUCTP[C to pulp-insulatedcable, a factory-prepared, IO-type stub should be used (see Practice631-020-101).

4 -,

Section 5

CONTENTS

RESISTANCE DESIGN

Loading Rules .

Cable Gauge Seledion

LONG ROUTE DESIGN.

Resistance Zones .

LRD Devices....

Loading Rules for LRD.

COIN LINES.

Transmission

Ccin Conlrol:

Supervision and Signaling:.

TRANSMISSION IMPROVEMEN'l' AND RANGEEXTENSION DEVICES .

CONCENTRATED RANGE EXTENSION WITH GAIN(CREG) DESIGN.

Design Rules.

Cable Gauge Selection

Loading Rules .

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GABLES(METALLIC) .

Loop Resistance

Attenuation

Sheath and Shield Resistance

NOISE.

Shielding.

TRANSMISSION

Pave

'-I

5-9

5-3

'-75·7

'·75-8

5-'5-9

'-95-10

5-11

5-13

5-13

5-13

5-14

5-15

5-15

5-t5

5-17

5-18

,')-18

5-'

TRANSMISSKlN

TRANSMISSiON ON PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS

SLClil 1 Canier System

SLC 8 Carrier System

SLC 24 Carrier System ......•• _...•••••...••..

SLC 40 Carrier System

SLC 96 Carrier System

SLC Series 5 Carrier System. . '

SLC Series 5 Carrier Sygtem - Fiber-lo-the-Home.

5-i1

5-19

5·19

5-20

5-22

5-25

5·26

5-27

5·29

TRANSMISSIONResistance Design

Section 5

TRANSMISSION

RESISTANCE DESIGNPractices 901-350-202, 902~115·100. ·101

Resistsnce Qesign is predicated upon controlling tnmsrnisaion losses bylimiting the maximum conductor loop resistance. This design is used with thetraditional twisted pair copper cable. The demand for high speed transmissionrates has changed the guidelines for designing outside plant. To mert thesedemands the outside plant network is being conditioned by the use of digitalsubscriber carrier systems. These systems are being served via either T1 carrierwith repeateTll or lightguide cable.

Because of these factoTll and for planning purposes, it is recommendedthat the point where Resistance Design should stop and subscriber carner orlong route design should begin i!l at 24 kilofeet from the central office. Under[his premi&e Resistance Design rules are as follows:

(1) Maximum conductor loop ret>istance of 1500 ohms without loopelectronics (central office range permitting).

(2) Load aU loops over 18 kilofeet, which includes bridged lap.

(3) Limit bridged tap on nonloaded 1001>6 to 6 kilofeet or less.

(4) Limit end section plus bridged tap on loaded loops to 12 kilofeet or less.Business loop end sectiOnB are limited to 9 kiloreet with no bridged tap.

(5) Design load spacing deviations normally within .±120 feet.

(6) No bridged tap between load pointe.

(7) No loaded bridged taps.

(B) No stations (CUSTOMER SERVICES) are allowed between loadpoints.

These rules are illustrated all Page 5-2.

5-1

EL£CTRICAl PROTECTION ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

Secllon 6

CONTENTS

GENERAL

Determining Exposure 1.0 Foreign Potentials

Exposure to Lightning

Power ContRcts

Power Induction

Ground Potential Rise

Unexposed Plant ..

f<:JectrlcaJ Protection Devices

CEN'I'RAL OFFICE PROTECTION

Fuse Cables ..

Connectors, Protector Blocks, and Heat Coih

:J07-Type ConnectoT'S .

~

6"1

6"'

6"'

6"'

6"'

6"3

6"3

6"'

6"'

6-.

H

6"9

Types of Sheaths Required for High Lightning Areas ­Aerial or BUl'ied

Underground

AERIAL WIRE PROTECTION

STATION PROTECTION.

Fusing Requirements

Fused Protectors .

FUlIeless Protectors

Sneak Current Protection ...

Bonding and Grounding for Station Protection

Buildings Served by Expo60d Cable -.

Buildings Served by Drop or Buried WireIJ -.

Ground Wire

High-Rise Buildings Containing ElectronicEquipment - ..

Selection of Approved Grounds

6·20

6-20

6-21

6-22

6-22

6-:22

H'l

6-24

6-24

6-24

6-25

6-25

6·26

6-27

Protector Units 6-10

Bondin~ and Grounding. 6·15

Bonding and Grounding - Sp~ial Situations 6·16

CABf.E PROTECTION 6-16

Aerial Plant Bonding Requirements for Exposed AerialPlant (Copper Conductor Cable) 6·17

Aerial Plant Bonding Requirements - .JointCrossing Pole 6-17

Aerial-Underground Junctions. . G-l7

Aerial Planl- Joint Use 6·18

Bonding Requirements for Aerial Lightguide Cable 6·19

Buried Plant Bonding Requirements 6-19

6-1 e·g

ELECTRICAL PROTECTIONGeneral

Section 6

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

GENERAL

Electrical protection refers to ml!thoos and devices used to control ormitigate potentials and currents of magnitude that could potlSibly constitute anaUlrd to people;'property, and telecommunicaLions equipment. The source ofthese abnormal potentials and currents is extraneous to the tele<:ommunica·tions system, and is frequently referred to as "foreign potentials." The purposeof electrical ~rotedion is twofold.

(I) 'fo minimize, aa far as practical. electrical hazards to telecommunica­tion system usertl and to protect those who are engagP.d in construction,operation, and maintenance of the system.

(2) To reduce, as far 88 practical, electrical damage to aerial buried, orunderground equipment and plant, centTal office equipment, and to

buildings or structures associated with such plant.

Where telecommunication system WJer and plant personnel areconcerned, sofely from shock hcuard is the prime considerationwhen providing protection.

This section describes devices and methods that must be applied tocontrol or mitigate foreign potentials. Theae aTe minimum measures that mustbe applied. There are situations where special protaction is required I\lI shownon Page 6·3.

[n 1985, AT&T made available a single-volume reference book titled"TELECOMMUNICATION ELECTRICAL PRO'fECTION." This compre­hensive r1!SOurce emphasizes functional and practical application of electricalprotect.ion. It is available by contacting your AT&T Commercial Sales Repre­sentative or through A1'&T Customer Information Center (under select code350·060).

6-1

Secllon 8

CONTENTS

PLANNING AND DESIGN GULDELlNBS

SIZING ..

SECTION LENGTHS

Factors Affecting Section Lengths of Conduit

PULLING TENSION

Copper and Aluminum Conductor Cable

Lightguide Cable.

CURVE DESIGN ..

Subsidiary Conduit

Single-Bore Conduit

Curve Radius 40 Feet or More .........••....

Curve Radius Less Than 40 Feet

CONDUIT AND PIPE ..

Factora to Consider in Selecting Type of Conduit.

Advantages of Single-Bore Conduit:

Advantages of Multiple-Bore Conduit:

Single-Bore Conduit .

Steel Pipe

PLACEMENT.

Duct Arrangements

Separation From Other Strncturea

Spacing and Backfill Requirements

Subsidiary Conduit

CONDUIT

''''!l-\

8·2

8·5

8·5

!l-6

8·7

8·11

8·13

8·13

8-14

8·14

!l-14

8·16

8·16

S·16

S·l6

8·17

!l-19

8-20

8·20

8-20

8-21

8-25

'·1 8-ii

Conduit Casings

Bridge Crnssings

TRENCH WORK .

MANHOLES

Planning and Design Considerations

Sius and Types of MBnholes

Basic Manholes

Sizes ....

Center Rack Manholes .

Precllst Manhole .

Separation From Othet Structurt:S

FRAMES, COVERS, AND COLLARS .

Manhole Extenaion Rinp ...

DUCT ASSIGNMENT AND CABLE RACKING

CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT VAULT (CEV)

CONDUIT

8-25

8"28

8-29

8·32

8·32

8-32

8·32

!l-33

8·34

8·35

8·37

!l-38

8·39

8·40

8·43

CONOUITPlanning .nd Oe&lgn GuideHn..

section 8

CONDUIT

PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES

Practices 919-240-001, -tOO

• Obtain information from other utilities and governmental agenciesregarding their exirting and proposed underground facilities. '

Check with construction forces for infonnation on possible aped,a}coMtruetion problems.

• Conduct field survey of proposed route(s).

• Select permanent locations for underground structures, taking intoaccount:

- The Long Range Outside Plant Plan (l.ROPP)

- PutUTt! requirements for reinforcement

- Present snd future requirements for subsidiary and branch con-duit

F'uture road developments

Plans of other utilities

Kinds of road paving used along possible conduit routes

Special problems, such as bridge, railway, and submarine cro&sings

Need to avoid unstable soil conditions, foreign underground struc­tures, liquid and gas storage facilities

Safety and convenience of workers and general public.Size conduit structure on present worth of annual charges (PWAC) basis. (See"Sizing" on Page 8·2.)

• Select conduit material on basis of minimlUll total cost. Size manholesand conduit for ultimate number of duct.a (40-year growth period).

Locate manholes 8way from road intersections.

Plan cable racking in manholes for maximum utilization of ducts.

Pitch conduit toward manhole.

Avoid drainage patterns that could physically eJlpo~ underground stroc­ture by !>Oil ero8ion. .-,

BURIEO PLANt

...""".CONTENTS

8URIED P1.ANTP1anning and Design Gulclolines

Section 9

BURIED PLANT

PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES

Selecting Placing Locations

Urban and Suburban Residential Areas.

Low-Density (Rural) Areas

Mobile Home Parks ,

Cable and Sheath Selection - Copper

CARLE SIZING

Distribution Cables - Copper ..

Urban and Suburban Areas .

Low Density (Rural Areas)

Distribution Cables - Lightguide (Fiber)

Feeder Cable!! - Copper

Urban and Suburban Areas ..

Low Density (Rural Areaa)

Feeder Cables - Ligbtguide (Fiber)

JOINT CONSTRUCTION

Random Separation Between Power and Telephone

Facilities

CABLE PLACING

Placing PIC Cable - Copper ..••.••..•.

Placing Lightguide Cahle

BURIED SERVICE WIRES ..• - •••.

Preterminated Buried Wire.

~

9·1

9·1

9·\

9·2

9·2

9·2

9·3

9-3

9·3

9·3

9·'9·'9·'

9·'

9·'9·5

9-6

9·7

9·7

9·9

9-10

9-11

..;

PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES

Practice 917·356-001

Buried plant is recommended ~s the first choice of providing outsideplant facilities beyond the underground network. Total out of sight plant (nopedestals) in urban areas has proven to have tqe lowest first cost, trouble rat.es.and total coot. It also has greater public acceptance due to aesthetiC8.

Selecting Placing Locations

• Select a pennanent location for all buried plant. considering such t'actorsas right-of-way limitatiotlll. soil t.ype. natural obstacles (i.e., rocks andtTees). other underground utilities, and possible future excavation, suchas that involved in road widening, fences, or ditching.

Comply with all ordinances and regulations. Where required. securepennib before placing, excavating on private property, crossing streoms.pushing pipe. or boring under streets and railways.

• Determine location of existing underground utilities.

Urban and Suburban Residential Areas

Practice 917-356-100

Place distribution cables along the front property line or in a utilityeasement along the rear property line. Factors to be considered in selectingcable location are:

• Soil and subsurface conditions

• Natural obstacles such as rocks. trees, and unfavorable terrain

• Location of other utilities and the possibility of joint construction

• Existing or future obstructions such a.c; topsoil storage, fences, swimmingpools, and road paving

• Ease of locating plant The front curb provides a convenient reference forlocating cables and closures; electronic markers are used to locate out ofsight closures where subsequent reentry is expected.

9·'

AERIAL PLANT

Section 10

AERIAL PLANT

CONTENTS

PLANN1NG AND DESIGN GUIIJELINES

POLES

Pole Classes .

Markings on Poles and Stubs

POLE LINE DESIGN.

Pole Line Cla8sification

Storm Loading Areas ..............•.

Pole Loading

TransVenle Sklnn Loading ..............•.

Storm Loads for Telephone Cables .

Equivalent Storm Load of Attachments

Pole Class B&l!ed on Tnmsverse Storm Loading

Example of Pole CIIIS8 Based on 1'ranaverae StormLoading. . .

Eccentric Loads

Vertical Loading. . .

Depth of Setting Poles . . .

Unguyed Corner and Dead-End Poles .

Determining Pole C1aSil

Pa..

to-I

10-2

10-2

10-2

10-5

10-5

10-6

10-7

10-7

to-1O

10-11

lO-12

10-14

10-15

10-16

10-18

IO-HI

10-19

Suspension Stroud Diminishing Points .

Guying Insulated Wiree

Sidewalk Anchor Guys ..

Guy Rods and Anchors

B Rock Anchor .

C Guy Anchors .

Grounding or Insulating Guys

CABLE - SAGS AND TENSIONS - COPPER.

Suspension Strand

Stringing Tension for Strand

Cable SagE; - Copper

CABLE - MAXlMUM SPAN LENGTHS

Copper Conductor Cables

Lightguide Cables

Special Long-Span Deaign

WIRE.

10-27

10-28

10-29

to·31

10·31

10·32

10-32

10-33

10·33

10·34

10-35

IO·'U

10-4-1

10-45

LO-48

10-48

DepLh of Settinjt Unguyed Corner l:lnd Dead-EndPoles 10-23

Slack Span Design

Push Braces.

POLE LINE GUYING

Guying Cable Lines .......•.•..........•••.

10-23

10-24

10-25

LO-27

10-; 10-11

AERIAL PLANTPI8flnlng end Design Guidelines

Section 10

AERIAL PLANT

PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES

Practice 919-120-100

• Consider aerial design only if huried design is significantly more expen·sive or is not feasible.

• Select permanent locations for pole lines considering;

- future road widening or realignment

- expansion of other utilities

- special problelllB such as road, railway, and power line croSflings

- Barety and convenience of workers and the general public.

• Obtain necessary permits for:

- building and maintaining pole lines on private property and publicright-of·way

- crossing railroads

- crossing over navigable waterways.

• Coordinate with other utilities with mpect to;

p<.>lIsible joint use

minimizing inductive interference.

Design pole line for ultimate needs, considering pole line c1aMification,storm 1000ding. and clearance requirements.

• Use the most economical span length within the conetraintB imposed bythe deeign guidelines herein.

• When adding cable to an existing line or when establishing a joint useline, check that the pole strength tmd clearances are adequate.

• Use self-aupporting cable rather than lashed cable if it is available in therequired siz.eand, if(t) there is no existing strand, or (2) newcuble cannotbe lashed to an eltisting cable.

10 -1

CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PLANTGeneral

Telephone Conductors From Power Wires and Poles

Section 11

CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PLANT

CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PlANT

section 11

CONTENTS

GENERAL

The requirements in this section are based on the 1987 Edition of theNational Electric Safety Code (NESCj, Section 23, except where companyrequirements are more slringent. They are taken fJom Practice 918-117-090,Issue 4, and Addendum Issue 1. References to rules refer to the NESC.

Telephone Conductors FromPower Wires on DifferentPole Lines

The following clearances apply in any direction. Generally, they exceedthe NESC requirements, except that the NESC (Rule 2338) requires as-footminimum horizontal clearance. Sag is specified at 60'F with no wind.

GENERAL

Telephone Conductors From Power Wires on DifferentPole Lines

Telephone Conductors From Power Poles ..

Telephone Poles and Stub!! From ~ower Conductors andOther Objects .

BASIC VERTICAL CLEARANCES

Basic Vertical Clearllrlces Above Ground, Rails, lWofs,Water, Etc. . .

Swimming Areas.

p.,.11·1

11·1

11·1

11-2

11-5

11·5

11·7

Telephone Conductors From Power Poles

Note: Joint use is usually prefero.ble to nonjoint parallel pole lines at theclearances specified above.

For ~elephone conductors, clearance trom power poles is thesame 88 between telephone poIeli and power conductors (see nextpage).

Voltage

Up to 756

750 to 15,000

Over 15,000

Clearance tFI)

The lIlli of the conductor having the greater RaX.but not !eM than 4 feet.

The sag of the conductor haying the greeter sag,plUH t foot, but not IelIs than 9 feet.

One lldditional fOot for each additional 30 kV.

Reduced Ground Clearance When Crossing Is Notat Midspan

Midspan Vertical Clearances - Joint Ulle Pole Line ....

Power Line Crossings - Vertical Clearances ....

CLEARANCES FROM OTHER OBJECTS

Community Antenna Television (CATV) Distrib.utionSystems. . . .

Polics and Fire Alarm Facilities.

Signs, Chimneys, Tanks, and Other In.etallatioM

MAXIMUM SPAN LENGTHS FOR BASIC CLEARANCES

Guys ...

Cables ..

Wires

CLIMBING SPACE ON JOINTLY USED POLES

U-8

11-9

11-11

11-13

11-13

11-13

11-14

11-14

11-14

11-14

11-18

11-19

11 -1 "..

PREMISES DISTRI8UnON SYSTE.M~PREMISES DISTRIBUTiON SYSTE.MS

Section 12

CONTENTS

GENERAL

RESPONSlBILrrrES

Premises Di9~ribution Administration Re8poI1llibili~ie5

NETWORK INTERFACE.

COLOR CODING.

BUILDING ENTRANCE AREA

PREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYS'l'EMS (POS)ARRANGEMENTS

GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING AND SIZING PREMISESDISTRIBUTION SY$1'EMS (PDS)

PREMISES DISTRIBUTION CONSULTANTS.

PREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTS ­GENERAL

CABLE ..

Fire Safety Considerations

Premises Distribution Systems Cable (Copper)

PROTECTION DEVICES

18S-Type Modular Protectorll

189-Type Modular Protectors

190-Type Protector

134-Type Protecton

19S-Type Prol.ectol'!l.

I99E6A-Type Protectol1l.

19OO-Type Protector.

300-Type Building Entrance Terminals

Pegl

12­

12-:

12-1

12-:

12-f

12-£

12-~

12-l{

12-11

12·g

12-1~

12-1~

12- L~

12·I~

12·1:!

12-14

12-1B

12-21

12-22

12-23

12-23

l2-24

I-Type 'Terminal Blocks.

NETWORK INTERFACES

700-Type Jacks

CONN'ECTING BLOCKS

66-Type Connecting Blocks

IIO-Type Connecting Blocks .

no PATCH PANEL SYSTEM .......•. _••.........

Ot.her Connecting Facilities.

TERMINAL BLOCKS

SA-Type Terminal Blocks

MECHANICAL PROTECTION - BUILDING TERMINALS

GA- and GC-Type Cable Terminal Boxes

1AI and 2Al Cable Terminal Sectiollll

3AAl and 4AI Cable Terminal Sections

H IUId J Cable Tenninal Sections

Ilo-Type Apparatus Box ..

L1GHTGUlDE PREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Lightguide Cable Types ....

Lightguide BuildinR Cables ..

Riser Cables. . _ ..

Design Guidelines (Lightguide Cables).

Lightguide Premises Distribution Apparatus

Universal Lightguide Closure (UCBl) .......•.

Lightguide Interconnection Units (LlUs)

Interconnect Mode - LIU

Cl'058-Connsct. Mode - LIU .

LOX'" Lightguide Distribution Sysl.em.

PAIR GAIN SySTEMS HOUSINGS

12-25

12-26

12-26

12-27

12-27

12-29

12-29

12-33

12-34

12-34

12-3.5

12-35

12-35

12-36

12-37

12-37

12-38

12-40

12-40

12-40

12-44

12-45

12-45

12-45

12-46

12-47

12-49

12-52

12-i 12-ii

PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS

section 13

Other Enclosures

13-24

13-27

13-27

13-28

1.3-28

13-29

13-29

13-30

13-31

l3-31

13-31

13-32

13-32

13-34

1::1-34

13-37

13-39

13-40

13-42

13-45

............ " .

....................Cabinet Mounted RT

Integrated Network Access - Remote Terminal (lNA-RT)

SLC Series 5 Remote Termi'!lal Enclosures

SLC Series 5 Fiber-to-the-Home (F'I'TH) .....•...

Lightguide (Fiber) Dietribution Cables. .

Remote Terminal CRT) ..

Distant Terminal (01'1 .

DDM-l000 MULTlPLEXER . _ ..... _ • _ ..••

"SLe" 4{) CARRIER SYSTEM. . . ••.•...•••.

Frame Mounted RT _ _ .

1'1 Span Line Powering - Di!tances .

Interface With Higher Order Ml (Type) MUltiplexer.

"SLC" 24 CARRIER SYSTEMS ...

SLC 24 U~ing 1'1 Digital Lines .

SLC 24 With Fiber

"SLC" 8 CARRIER. SYSTEMS .. . .....••••.

SLC 8 System Design

"SLC" 1 CARRIER SYSTEMS

LOOP SWITCHING SYSTEMS (L88)

Page

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13-12

13·15

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13·18

13-18

13·18

13-18

Universal Seriea 5 ...........•.

Universal Series ;5 Mode 96 .....•••.

Integrated Series 5 Mode 96 .

Hub Arrangement

SLC 96 Remote Terminal Equipment.

SLC 96 Remote Terminal Enclosures

SLC 96 Dilltributed Power Arrangement

SLC 96 Bulk Powering Arrangement

Other Enclosures

Distribution Facilities Beyond Remote Terminal (RT) .

Individual Pair Gain Systems

CONTENTS

Feature Packages

GENERAL

Carrier Serving Area (CSA) Philosophy ........•.

Central Office Terminal (COT)

Remote Terminals (RT) .....•.•....

"SLC'''4I 96 CARRIER SYSTEMS

Universal SLC 96.

Universal SLC 96 Served by 1'1 Digital Lines (Copper)

Integrated SLC 96 ..

Fiber SLC 96

DS2 Fiber SLC Configuration

DSa Fiber SLC Configuration ..........•.

"SLC" SERIES 5

13-1 13·11

PAIR GAIN SYSTEMSGeneral

Section 13

PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS

GENERAL

The increasing demand for an assortment of apecialllervices has made itneeesllary to condition the local loop network to support these aervices. It mustbe able to accommodate a wide railge of transmission applications including ­voice, data, video, sensor control, and many others. Some of these servicesrequire high rates of transmission. Existing copper facilities can support someof the services. However, in many cases, expensive reconditioning of the cableplant will be necessary before service can be provided. The goal is to have theentire local loop network ultimately capable of supporting a transmission rateof 64 kb/sec. Nonloaded 26-gauge cable ia capable of providing this bit ratewithin 12 kft of the serving central oflice. Digital subscriber canier (pair gain)will be nec9SS8rY to meet that bit rate beyond 12 kft. With the introduction ofthe latest technology of a complete fiber network from the central office (CO)to the customer, it may be economical to install digital subscriber carrier inloops less than 12 kft. 'l'he first phase of this is the SLC" Seriea ti ­FibeH.o-the-Home (F'T'l.'H) feature explained in this section.

Carrier Serving Area (CSA)Philosophy

The Carrier Serving Area (CSA) concept is to sectionaJiu: the wire centerarea into discrete geographical areas beyond 12 kR of the central office. Thissectionalization is done during the long range outside plant planning (LROPPJ!>rDCe88 described in Section 2 of this handbook. Each CSA will ultimately be8erved via a remote terminal CRT) which houses the digital carrier equipment.and divides the feeder from the disLrihution network_ The boundaries of theCSA are based on resistance limits of 900 ohms for the distribution plantbeyond the RT. These limits basically equate to 9 kit of 26'gauge cable and 12kft of 19-, 22·, or 24-gauge eable including bridged tap. Aft2r the CSAs areestablished. when relief is required in a route and it is economical to deploydigital carrier, the RT sires can be activated. Digital carrier is also applicable toindividual customer buildings or groups of buildings such 8S campus environ­ment, industrial areas, shopping centers, and condominium and apartmentcomple:tes.

Digital subscriber canier requires multiplexing at the central office (CO)and remote terminal CRT). The trsnsmill8ion media between the CO and the

13 -1

CABLE AND WIRE CABLE WIRE

Seclion 14

CONTENTS

METALLIC CABLE.

Metallic Cable Identification Code

Sheath Types .

Outer Protection .

Sbeath Types llnd Uses

Sheath Markings

PLAS'I'lC INSULATED COPPER CONDUCTOR (PIC)CABLE.

Reel Lengtha-P1C Cablea

PIC CABLE DIAMETERS, WEIGHTS, AND REELLENGTHS ....

DUCTPfC· (Air Core) Bonded Stalpeth

Self·Supporting Cable (Air Core) _ .

Self-Supporting Cablo (Air Core) Reinforced Sheath.

Alpeth Sheath (Air Core)

Alpeth Sheath (Air Core) - UM Protection

Bonded PASP Sheath (Air Core) ..

Bonded Stalpeth Sheath (Air Core).

Noncolor-Coded Bonded St.alpeth Sheath (Air Core)

AJo'·Type ASP Sh~ath (Filled) DEPIC Nonscreened

AF-'I'ype ASP Sheath (Filled) DEPIC Nonscreened ­UM Protection

Page

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L4-12

14-13

14-14

14-16

14-!7

14-18

14-20

l4-21

14·23

ASP Sheath (Filled) DEPIC Screened .

ASP Sheath (Filled) DEPIC Screened .

Plenum Cables

LIGHTGUlDE CABLE.

Ribbon Design .

L1GH'I'PACK Design ....

Lightguide Cable - Sheaths and Applications,Lightguide Outside Plant Cable Identification Code

Lightguide Cable - 12 Bundle Fibers .

Lightguide Cable - Physical Characteristics .

Lightguide Cable Reel Lengths

L1GHTOffiDE BUILDrNG CABLES

Lightguide Riser Cables

f...igntguide Building Cables (LGBCl

Lightguide Building Cable (LGBe) Identification Code

LGBC Riser Cables .

WBC Plenum Cables

CABLE REELS

WIRE ..

Buried Wire

Aerial Service Wire

Aerial Line Wire .

14-28

14-29

14-30

14-31

14-31

14-32

14-34

14-35

14-36

14-37

14-38

14-40

14-40

14-41

14--41

14-42

14-43

14-44

14-46

14-46

14-49

14-50

AF-1'ype Bonded ASP (Filled) DEPIC Nonscreened . 14-25

AR-Seriea Riser Cable 14-26

PASP Sheath (Air Core) Screened .. 14-27

14-1 14-ii